2017版高考一轮复习课件：必修5 unit15《Learning》（北师大版）

　　4.lack vt.缺乏，没有 n.缺乏，不足；短缺的东西

　　[高考例句](2015·四川，阅读D)Lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk.

　　睡眠不足会使鸟类的健康处于危险中。 (1)lack sth 缺乏/少某物(没有被动语态)

　　(2)(a) lack of...缺乏…… for/through lack of 因缺乏…… (3)lacking adj.缺少的，不足的(不置于名词前) be lacking in sth 缺少某物 ①More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ lack of space.

　　因缺乏空间，大城市里已经建起了越来越多的高楼大厦。 ②It's not that exercise makes you healthy，it's more that a lack ________ exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.

　　并不是锻炼使你健康，更应该是缺乏锻炼造成你的身体虚弱，容易遭受疾病的侵袭。 ③Because she was lacking ________ training，she was afraid of making an exhibition of herself.

　　她因缺乏训练而担心会出洋相。 答案　①for　②of　③in 5.access

　　n.接近或进入之路；(使用或见到的)机会/权利

　　[教材原句]The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn.

　　作为老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时走进他们的思想。 (1)access to 进入……，与……会面 gain/obtain/get/have access to 有权进入……，有权使用……

　　(2)accessible adj.易到达的，易接近的 be accessible to 对……而言容易接近的；容易进入的 ①The only ____________ the town is across the bridge.

　　到镇上唯一的通路是经过一座桥。 ②As her private secretary, he ____________ all her correspondence.

　　他是她的私人秘书，能接触到她所有的信件。 ③Medicine should not be kept where it is ________(access)to children.

　　药物不应放在容易被小孩拿到的地方。 答案　①access to　②has access to　③accessible 6.worthwhile adj.值得努力的

　　[教材原句]And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult，then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile.

　　如果我作为老师所做的能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。 ①It is worthwhile ________________(spend)money developing children's interest in music.

　　花钱培养孩子在音乐方面的兴趣是值得的。 【辨析比较】　worthwhile/worth/worthy

　　worthwhile 表示花时间做某事是“值得的”，作表语、补语或定语 Worth (1)接价值数量词，意为“值……”，结构为sth be worth＋价值 (2)表示“值得”，后接名词、代词或动名词，结构为sth be worth sth/it/doing；接动名词时，doing和sth构成动宾关系，意为“某事值得做”，不接不定式，不用被动式 (3)表示“很值得”时，在worth前加well worthy 表示“值得的”，其结构主要有： (1)sth be worthy of sth (2)sth be worthy of being done (3)sth be worthy to be done 选择以上单词填空 ②What has just happened is well ________ focusing on.It is also ________ of being thought about by everyone present.Is it ________ to spend so much money on a wedding？We don't think it is ________ it at all.

　　刚才发生的事值得关注。这件事也值得在座的每一个人思考。花这么多钱在婚礼上值得吗？我们认为根本不值。 答案　①to spend/spending　②worth; worthy；worth-while；worth 7.acquire v.获得，得到，取得

　　[教材原句]It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.

　　我们如何获取和理解知识现在好像是显而易见的。 (1)acquire a knowledge of...学会…… acquire a habit of...养成……的习惯 acquire a taste for...开始喜欢上…… (2)acquisition n. [U]获得；取得；可得；[C]获得物 ①I've never really acquired a taste ________ wine.

　　我从来没有真正喜欢过酒。 ②We want people to ________________ using public transport instead of their cars.

　　我们希望人们养成使用公共交通而不是私家车的习惯。 答案　①for　②acquire the habit of 8.approve v.赞成；认可；满意

　　[朗文例句]President Obama said he hoped to get the Congress to approve the treaty.

　　奥巴马总统称，他希望美国国会将通过这个协议。 (1)approve of 赞成，赞许 approve of sb doing sth 同意某人做某事 (2)approval n.[U]赞成；批准 meet with one's approval 得到某人的同意 ①She would never do anything that was not approved ________ by her parents.

　　她从来不会做父母不赞成的事情。 ②He showed his ________(approve)by smiling.

　　他用微笑表示赞成。 答案　①of　②approval 【名师点津】　approve作“批准”讲时，常用作及物动词；作“赞成”讲时，用作不及物动词，与of搭配，即approve of。 9.urge vt.力劝；催促；强烈要求n.强烈的欲望，冲动

　　[教材原句]At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.

　　起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德是错误的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。 (1)

　　强烈要求某人做某事

　　urge sth on/upon sb 向某人强调某事 urge that sb(should) do sth 力劝某人做某事 (2)urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的 (3)urgency n. 紧急的事 ①The coach urged us ________(stay) in shape over summer vacation.

　　教练敦促我们在暑假保持良好的身体状态。 ②The UN urged that Syria ________(stop)violence immediately and go back to the negotiating table.

　　联合国敦促叙利亚应立即停止暴力行为，回到谈判桌上来。 答案　①to stay　②(should) stop 10.adapt v.使适应；改编，改造

　　[教材原句]For a start，it would be hard adapting to a new culture.

　　首先，适应一种新文化是会很难的。 (1)adapt (oneself) to 适应 adapt sth for sth 改编为；使某事物适应或适合 be adapted from 由……改编 (2)adaptation n. 适应，改编(本) ①The TV series Red Sorghum ________(adapt) from Mo Yan's novel of the same name.

　　电视剧《红高粱》是根据莫言的同名小说改编的。 ②When you go to a new country，you must adapt ________(you)to new manners and customs.

　　当你到一个新的国家时，你必须使自己适应新的礼仪和风俗习惯。 答案　①is adapted　②yourself [一言串记]The film is adapted from his story.It mainly tells us his quick adaptation to the new environment，and in fact at first he thought he couldn't adapt himself to the changed environment. 这部电影是根据他的故事改编的，它主要告诉我们的是他快速适应新环境的能力，事实上，他原认为他不能使自己适应变化了的环境。 [短 语 点 拨] 1.lay off 裁员；解雇；停止

　　[教材原句]Three months ago，when my manager told me that I would be laid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.

　　三个月前，当经理告诉我将被解雇时，我的大脑一片空白，心里充满了愤怒。 ①Provincial government has decided to lay ________ the agriculture tax on the areas hit by the flood and torrential rains.

　　省政府决定免去被洪水和暴雨袭击地区的农业税。 ②You'd better lay off ________(smoke)for your health for a while.

　　为了你的健康这会儿你最好不要吸烟。 答案　①off　②smoking lay sb off 解雇某人 lay off sb 解雇某人；停止打扰某人 lay off sth 停止使用某物 lay off doing sth 停止做某事 2.aside from 除……之外

　　[教材原句]And aside from emailing，it's fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in the US on the i-Cam.

　　除了发电子邮件，能在网络眼上看到我在美国的孙辈并与之交谈也很有意思。 (1)aside from＝apart from ＝except (for) 除……之外(别无) (2)aside from＝apart from＝besides 除……之外(尚有) (3)except that 除了…… in addition to 除了……之外还 ①Everything is quiet，____________ the occasional sound of a car in the distance.

　　除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外，四周一片寂静。 ②The essay is well written ________ few spelling mistakes.

　　除了几处拼写错误外，这篇文章写得很好。 答案　①aside from/except　②aside from/except for 3.set off 出发；动身；(使)爆炸，引爆；燃放；引起

　　[教材原句]I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off.

　　我记得他让我把一些粉末倒入火箭，然后让另一个学生点火使火箭发射出去。

　　写出下列句中set off的含义

　　①The first atom bomb was set off over Hiroshima.

　　__________ ②That jumper sets off the blue of her eyes.

　　____________ ③If you want to catch that train，you'd better set of for the station

　　Immediately

　　__________ ④If you drop a lighted cigarette，you could

　　set off a fire. ____________ set off/out (for) 出发/动身(去……) set about doing sth ＝set out to do sth 着手/开始做某事 set up 建立 ⑤He set about doing his homework after supper every day.

　　＝He set out ________(do)his homework after supper every day.

　　每天晚饭后他开始做家庭作业。 答案　①爆炸　②衬托　③出发　④引起　⑤to do [句 式 透 析] 1.[教材原句]I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.

　　我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。

　　本句中含有“It's(high/about)time that”句式，意为“到做某事的时候了”。其中从句的谓语动词要用动词的过去式或者“should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气，但should不可省略。 It's time(for sb)to do sth (某人)该做某事了 It's time for sth该……，到……的时候了 It is/was the first/second time that＋现在完成时/过去完成时 ①I think that it is (high) time that you ____________ (make)up your mind to study.

　　我认为到了你下决心学习的时候了。 ②It is the first time that I ____________ (visit)the Bird's Nest.

　　这是我第一次参观鸟巢。 答案　①should make/made　② have visited 2. [教材原句]Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion!

　　有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见。

　　wish后跟从句时常用虚拟语气，表达不太现实或不太可能实现的愿望。

　　①____________ fly to the moon one day.

　　我希望有一天我能飞到月球上去。 ②Everyone wishes we ____________(have) a more harmonious society.

　　大家都希望有一个更加和谐的社会。 ③I wish I ____________ (be)a bird flying in the sky.

　　我希望我是一只在空中翱翔的小鸟。 ④She wished she ____________(waste)so much time.

　　她后悔的是她当时要是不浪费那么多时间就好了。 答案　①I wish I could　②would have　③were

　　④hadn't wasted Ⅰ.核心单词→识记·思考·运用 一、单词拼写 1.*(2015·广东，阅读C)It's important to ____________(辨别)television's influences on children from those of the family. 2.He made a _____________(保守的) guess at the population of London. distinguish conservative 3.The memory of his mother ________(启发) him to write his greatest poetry. 4.She __________(简化) the instructions so that the children could understand them. 5.*He __________(怀疑) that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin. 6.You must work hard to ________(获得) a good command of a foreign language. inspired simplified suspected acquire 7.The poor family ________(缺乏) the money to send his son to university. 8.(2015·四川，阅读C) The sacrifices mothers make are huge but ____________(值得的). 9.It was ____________(挑选) as the site for a monument. 10.We think he was once an _____________(杰出的)sportsman. lacked worthwhile selected outstanding 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.To be proud of learning is the greatest ___________(ignore). 2.This book is easily ___________(access)to the young reader. 3.(2015·陕西，阅读C)Always read the ____________(instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. 4.The thief was sent to prison as a _______________(punish). ignorance accessible instructions punishment 5.It is generally ____________(assumption) that stress is caused by too much work. 6.The movie is ____________(adaptation) from the same novel of the same name. 7.(2015·天津，阅读D)What was especially important for Tim's successful _____________(defend)in the football game? 8.*They ____________our helping for that and this____________ seemed not to be enough.(appreciation) assumed adapted defence appreciated appreciation 9.The principal ________ the teachers should attend the___________ meeting at once.(urge) 10.Everyone knows the ________ of learning English and if you work hard，it will be ________ to your future career.(beneficial) urged urgent benefit beneficial 三、开心词场

　　The TV series play The legend of Concubine Zhen Huan is adapted from the novel of the same name.Many people especially women say it is worthwhile to watch the play.To my surprise，my mother urged that my elder sister should watch it，because she assumed that if my sister didn't watch it，she would have no access to social skills.However，my mother instructed that I shouldn't watch it，because I lack the ability of self－control.She also suspected that I would be absorbed in it and it would affect my study. 【联想·积累】 ❶“辨别；区分”家族 ①distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和…… ②distinguish...from...使……有别于…… ③tell the difference between...and...区分/辨别……和…… ④tell...from...区分/辨别……和…… ❷“信”“不信”由你 ①belief n.相信；信任；信念 ②faith n. 信任；信念；诚意；信仰 ③convince v.使确信；使信服 ④suspect vi.& vt.怀疑；猜想 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑分子 ⑤reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的 ⑥unbelievable adj.不可相信的；难以置信的 ❸词汇拓展 ①suspect vt.怀疑 n.嫌疑犯 adj.可疑的→suspicious adj.可疑的→suspicion n.怀疑，嫌疑 ②simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的，易懂的 ③qualification n.资格，资历→qualify v.使具有资格，取得执照→qualified adj.合格的，称职的 ④instruct vt.教导，指导→instruction n.教育，指导→instructive adj.有益的；有教育意义的 ⑤inspire v.鼓舞，鼓励→inspiration n.灵感，给予鼓舞(激励)之人/事→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用 一、补全短语 1.aside ________ 除……之外 2.________ a whole 总的来说 3.________ a certain extent 在某种程度上 4.tend ________ 倾向于，经常做 5.*frankly ________ 老实说，说实话 6.________ conclusion 最后，总之 from as to to speaking in 二、短语填空 *lay off；approve of；be accustomed to；set off；go up；go blank；switch off；put

　　Forward 1.Don't worry，you'll soon __________________ living in the countryside. 2.It is said that prices of oil will ____________ next week. 3.Plans have been ____________ to pull down and rebuild the area. be accustomed to go up put forward 4.My father was ____________ last year and since then he has been doing part-time jobs. 5.A teller from home ____________ an attack of homesickness. 6.My brain ____________ when I came across a difficult question during the exam. 7.Be sure to ____________ the light when you leave the office.

　　8.I ____________ your using my car，but you must return it on time. laid off set off went blank switch off approved of 【联想·积累】 ❶“说”也不同 ①relatively speaking 相对而言 ②frankly speaking 坦白说，老实说 ③generally speaking 一般来说 ④roughly speaking 粗略地说 ⑤comparatively speaking 相对地说 ⑥strictly speaking 严格地说 ⑦honestly speaking 诚实地说 ❷lay短语集释 ①lay down 放下；中断(工作)；制定 ②lay aside 把……放在一边 ③lay up 贮存 ④lay out 展开；布置；花费 ⑤lay off 裁员；解雇 Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用 1.*Now I'm about to graduate from the School of Continuing Education at Qinghua University with a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning.(be about to do...“正要做……”)

　　如今通过远程教育我就要从清华大学继续教育学院毕业了，并会获得该院计算机工程学的学士学位。

　　[仿写]One day，I ________________________________ he telephoned me.

　　一天，我正要去买东西时，他打电话找我。 was about to do some shopping when 2.I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.(It's time that...“是……的时候了”，that 可省略) 我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。

　　[仿写]It's time that _________________________ to protect the world's rare animals.

　　是我们采取措施保护世界上稀有动物的时候了。 we took/should take measures 3.*So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything you've ever learnt.(不带to的动词不定式作表语)

　　许多人认为一旦退休，你所能做的事就是把大脑关闭，把你曾经所学的东西埋掉。

　　[仿写]As far as I'm concerned,all we can do is ________________.

　　在我看来，我们所能做的一切就是耐心地等待。 just wait patiently 4.Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion！(wish后的从句常用虚拟语气)

　　有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见。

　　[仿写]I wish that everything in nature ________________ each other.

　　我希望自然界的一切能和谐共处。 could fit in with 【联想·积累】 ❶be about to 常和并列连词when连用，when作并列连词的常用句型 ①be about to do...when...正打算……这时…… ②had just done...when...刚做了……这时…… ③be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时…… ④be doing...when...正在做……这时…… ❷不带to的动词不定式作表语的情况 句3中all 后面是省略了that的定语从句，当前面有实义动词do的某种形式时，be后用不带to的动词不定式作表语。 Ⅳ.单元语法→识记·思考·运用 虚拟语气 单句语法填空 1.If she ___________(be) here this evening，we _____________

　　(play) cards. 2.The flood __________________(cause) great damage to the people if we ____________(not，build) so many reservoirs. were would play might have caused hadn't built 3.If you ___________(speak) to him last time you saw him，you ___________(know) what to do now. 4.If you ___________(hesitate) this moment，you ______________

　　(suffer) in future. 5.*I wish I ___________(have) a chance to pay a visit to the moon. had spoken would know hesitated might suffer would have 【联想·积累】 wish后跟宾语从句小结 wish后跟宾语从句，意为“但愿……；希望……；要是……就好了”，往往表示与实际情况相反或表示不太可能实现的愿望。wish 后宾语从句中的谓语动词形式如下： ❶did/were：表示与现在事实相反的愿望 ❷had done/been：表示与过去事实相反的愿望 [单 词 点 睛] 1.suspect vt.怀疑；觉得(通常不用于进行时) n.[C]嫌疑犯，可疑分子

　　[教材原句]I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry.

　　我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉咙哽咽，并且想哭。 ①They were/became ________(suspect) of/about his behaviour and contacted the police.

　　他们开始觉得他行为可疑，便报了警。 (1) suspect sb/sth to be＋n./ adj.猜想某人/某物为…… suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事 (2)suspicion n. 怀疑，嫌疑 (3)suspicious adj.感觉可疑的，令人怀疑的 ②The boss suspected him ________ taking the computer away from the company.

　　老板怀疑他从公司拿走了电脑。 答案　①suspicious　②of 2.instruct vt.指导，教导；指示，命令

　　[教材原句] I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.

　　我让孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢信息的传送和回复速度。 ①The driver acknowledged my ________(instruct) but did not move off.

　　司机明白了我的要求，但他没有发动汽车。 (1)instruct sb to do...命令某人做…… instruct sb that sb (should) do sth 命令某人做某事 (2)instruction n. [C]用法说明；操作指南；指示；命令；[U]教授 follow the instructions 遵照说明

　　(3)instructive adj.有教益的，有启发的；指导性的 ②Mum instructed me to deliver the box of sweets to my grandma.

　　＝Mum instructed that I ________ the box of sweets to my grandma.

　　妈妈吩咐我把这盒糖果寄给我外婆。

　　答案　①instructions　②(should) deliver 3.distinguish vt.区别，辨别；使具有某种特征

　　[教材原句]If the room hadn't been dark，he would have distinguished the two pictures.

　　如果房间不是太暗的话，他就会辩认出那两张照片了。 (1)distinguish...from...使……区别于……的特征 distinguish between...and...区分……和…… distinguish oneself by...因……而扬名 (2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的 be distinguished for 因……而出名 (3)distinction n.[C]区别；[U]卓越 ①The man distinguished ________(him)by his wisdom.

　　这个人因智慧而扬名。 ②The twins are so alike；it's difficult to distinguish one ________ the other.

　　这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分辨谁是谁。 ③Mo Yan is ________(distinguish)for his good knowledge of literature.

　　莫言因其文学知识丰富而成名。 答案　①himself　②from　③distinguished