2017届高考英语一轮复习夯实练习：必修5U1《Great Scientists》（新人教版含解析）

　　2017高考英语（人教版）必修5U1一轮夯实练习及答案

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　The adobe dwellings(土坯房)

　　1

　　(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even

　　2

　　most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their

　　3

　　(able) to “air condition”a house without

　　4

　　(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat

　　5

　　(slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough

　　6

　　(cool) the house during the hot day：

　　7

　　the same time，they warm up again for the night.This cycle

　　8

　　(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As

　　9

　　(nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly

　　10

　　thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

　　【语篇导读】　相比现代化的建筑，简陋的土坯房可谓丑陋不堪。但当代的建筑师却对其情有独钟。短文主要介绍了土坯房能够调节温度的原理。

　　1．built　[考查过去分词短语作后置定语。主语dwellings与动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。又由by一词的暗示也可知用表示被动意义的过去分词。]

　　2．the　[考查定冠词的用法。空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词。]

　　3．ability　[考查形容词与名词的转换。形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式。]

　　4．using　[考查介词的用法。介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。]

　　5．slowly　[考查副词的用法。由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词give out，因此要用副词形式。]

　　6．to cool　[考查固定句式的用法。“形容词＋enough＋动词不定式”为一常用句式。]

　　7．at　[考查固定短语的用法。at the same time意为“同时”，是一个常用介词短语。]

　　8．goes　[考查动词的时态。这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了土坯房冬暖夏凉的原理，故用一般现在时态。]

　　9．natural　[考查形容词的用法。修饰名词architects，故要用形容词形式。]

　　10．how　[考查宾语从句的连接词用法。分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。所以答案为how。]

　　一、单句语法填空

　　1．(2017·重庆，完形)The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes ________ your confidence.

　　2．(2017·福建，阅读A)By now paramedics(救援人员) had arrived，and were ________ (attend) to the injured woman.

　　3．(2017·重庆，阅读D)Apart ________ an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach，the forest was silent.

　　4．(2015·北京，阅读D)This phenomenon is neither good ________ bad；it is a fact of college life，today and in the past.

　　5．(2015·湖北，完成Many bad habits can be especially difficult ________ (cure) because they are likely to form at a very young age.

　　6．(2017·江西，阅读B)Join in the holiday fun at the Powerhouse this month ______ (link) to our new exhibition.

　　7．(2015·天津，14)See，your computer has broken down again！________ doesn't make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.

　　8．(2017·江苏，任务型阅读)Conscientious (勤奋的) people are very strict ________ themselves.

　　9．(2015·北京，阅读C)Every time light ________ (move) into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters.

　　10．(2015·湖南，写作)Only if we deal with and overcome large numbers of difficulties in a correct way，________ we achieve our dreams.

　　答案　1.to　2.attending　3.from　4.nor　5.to cure6.linked　7.It　8.with　9.moves　10.will

　　二、完形填空

　　The day finally came，when I had to leave the warm home where I’d grown up.I ran to the back yard，as tears came up from my heart.Suddenly I__1__a hand rest on my shoulder.I looked up to__2__my grandfather.“It isn’t__3__，is it，Billy？” he said softly.

　　Gently__4__my hand in his，we walked，hand in hand，to the front yard，__5__a huge red rose­bush sat alone.

　　“What do you see here，Billy？” he asked.I looked at the flowers，not knowing__6__to say，and then answered，“I see something soft and__7__，grandpa.”

　　He pulled me__8__.“It isn’t just the roses that are beautiful，Billy.It’s that special place in your heart that makes them so.”“Billy，I__9__these roses when my first son was born.It was my__10__of saying ‘thank you’ to God.I__11__to watch him pick roses for his mother.Then，as a young man of only 20，a terrible war robbed him of his life.” Grandpa slowly stood up.“Never say good­bye，Billy.Never__12__to the sadness and the loneliness.Instead，I want you to remember the joy and the__13__when you first said hello to a friend.”

　　A year later，my grandpa became very__14__.Then all members of the family were__15__back，and I returned to the old house.When it came to my__16__，I took his hand as__17__as

　　he had once taken mine.

　　“Hello，grandpa，” I__18__.His eyes slowly opened and said，“Hello，my friend.” With a brief__19__he died.Suddenly，and truly.I knew what he had __20__ about never saying good­bye—about refusing to give in to sadness.

　　语篇解读　本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一天“我”为离开温暖的家而伤心难过时，祖父过来安慰“我”，并告诉“我”无论发生什么永远不要说再见。直到祖父去世时，“我”才真正明白祖父所说的“永远不要说再见”的真正含义——不要屈服于悲伤和难过。

　　1. A.felt B．fixed

　　C．watched D．heard

　　解析　根据语境可知，此处指“我”跑到后院，任泪水流淌。突然“我”感觉有只手放在“我”的肩膀上。feel感觉到，符合语境。

　　答案　A

　　2．A.watch B．interview

　　C．see D．discover

　　解析　此处指“我”抬起头结果看见是祖父。see强调看的结果；watch强调有意识地“观看”。

　　答案　C

　　3．A.difficult B．hard

　　C．easy

　　D．comfortable

　　解析　由上文可知，祖父看到“我”因不得不离开家而悲伤难过得哭了，所以他会说“不容易是吗”，故此处应为easy。

　　答案　C

　　4．A.making B．taking

　　C．leading D．carrying

　　解析　根据倒数第二段最后一句话“...I took his hand as________as he had once taken mine.”可知，此处应填taking，与下文相照应。

　　答案　B

　　5．A.where B．when

　　C．which D．while

　　解析　“________a huge red rose­bush sat alone”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the front yard，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。

　　答案　A

　　6．A.what

　　B．how

　　C．who D．whether

　　解析　此处指“我”看着花不知道该说什么。________to say为宾语从句，从句中缺少成分，故应用关系代词what引导，作动词say的宾语。

　　答案　A

　　7．A.red B．tasty

　　C．funny

　　D beautiful

　　解析　根据下文“It isn’t just the roses that are beautiful，Billy.”可知，此处应填beautiful，与下文相照应。

　　答案　D

　　8．A.close B．hard

　　C．far D．around

　　解析　根据语境可知，此处是指祖父把“我”拉近。close符合语境。

　　答案　A

　　9．A.bought

　　B．planted

　　C．treated D．discovered

　　解析　根据语境可知，此处是指当祖父的第一个儿子出生时，他种植了这些玫瑰。plant意为“种植”，符合语境。

　　答案　B

　　10．A.approach B．method

　　C．way D．solution

　　解析　method指相当精心安排的技术技巧所构成的方法，强调以效率与精确为其目标；way为普通用语，指一般的方法，a/the way of doing sth./to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”；A、D项之后都接介词to。

　　答案　C

　　11．A.preferred B．wanted

　　C．referred D．used

　　解析　由下文“a terrible war robbed him of his life”可知，此处为祖父过去常常看儿子摘玫瑰花给妻子，而现在无法看到了，因为战争夺去了他年轻的生命。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，符合语境。

　　答案　D

　　12．A.give up B．give off

　　C．give in D．give away

　　解析　give up放弃；give off发出(气味等)；give in屈服，让步；give away赠送；泄露，出卖。根据文章最后一句话“...about refusing to give in to sadness.”可知，此处应填give in，与下文相照应。

　　答案　C

　　13．A.word B．happiness

　　C．sight

　　D．memory

　　解析　由并列连词and可知，空格处与前面joy相呼应。

　　答案　B

　　14．A.ill B．weak

　　C．old

　　D．serious

　　解析　由下一句“Then all members of the family were________back，and I returned to the old house.”可知，祖父这时病重。

　　答案　A

　　15．A.ordered

　　B．called

　　C．delivered D．sent

　　解析　由于祖父病重，所以把家里所有的成员都叫回来。call符合语境。

　　答案　B

　　16．A.pleasure

　　B．duty

　　C．turn D．wish

　　解析　此处指祖父临终前和家人作临终告白，当轮到“我”时……turn意为“轮流”，符合语境。

　　答案　C

　　17．A.happily

　　B．sadly

　　C．carefully

　　D．gently

　　解析　由第二段“Gently________my hand in his...”可知，当轮到“我”时，“我”像祖父曾经抓住“我”的手一样轻轻地抓住他的手。所以gently符合语境。

　　答案　D

　　18．A.laughed

　　B．shouted

　　C．added

　　D．whispered

　　解析　laugh笑；shout喊叫，大声说；add接着说，补充说；whisper小声说，耳语。此处指“我”小声地说：“你好，祖父”。A、B、C项皆不符合语境。

　　答案　D

　　19．A.sign B．sigh

　　C．smile D．wave

　　解析　此处应指祖父和“我”说完话之后是含笑而终。smile符合语境。

　　答案　C

　　20．A.thought B．meant

　　C．worried D．cared

　　解析　此处是指突然“我”真正明白了祖父曾经说的关于“永远不要说再见”的含义。

　　答案　B

　　三、阅读理解

　　A段

　　For my grandmother’s 70th birthday，my family and I visited South Korea.While there，I was attentive to Korean high schools and students.

　　I was surprised by how different Korea’s public high schools are from America’s.Korean high schools can be all­girls，all­boys or co­ed (男女同校的) unlike our standard co­ed high schools.There are three grades：“go 1(10th)”，“go 2(11th)” and “go 3(12th)”．“Go” is the first syllable of the word “go­deung­hakkyo”，which，simply translated，is “high school”．

　　In America，unless you want to go to a private school，you don’t have to take an entrance exam.In Korea，however，students must take a test to get in because of the many choices of schools.

　　Another difference I couldn’t help but notice was the students’ appearance.With very few exceptions，all wear uniforms.A name tag (标牌) with the student’s name，grade and homeroom number must also be worn.Girl’s skirts can’t be above the upper part of the knee，and it is forbidden to dye(染) your hair or wear accessories (装饰品) except small earrings.There are strict regulations for appearance to achieve neatness，and it seems the only freedom students have is with their choices of hair style，socks and shoes.

　　The final difference was the setup of the classes.There may be 40 students in a classroom，but the number can be less or even more，depending on the population of the town or city.Although there are many students per classroom，they are very close，which I think is a result of not changing classrooms for different subjects.There are no levels in the subjects and the teachers are the ones who switch classrooms.They just have ten­minute breaks between subjects.In each class，students are ranked by their grades.This causes strict competition，and Korean students do a lot of studying.To help them，all schools have extra study classes after school.One other fact that helped me appreciate living in America is that Koreans have school on Saturdays.Although it’s only a half day，I think I speak for most Americans when I say we could never imagine ourselves in school on a Saturday.

　　Korea’s public high schools are clearly different from America’s.I had imagined them to be just like our schools，but now I have a clear picture of how different they are.

　　【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了在作者眼中韩国高中和美国高中的不同之处。

　　1．How many main differences are mentioned between Korea’s public high school and America’s?

　　A．3. B．4.

　　C．5. D．6.

　　解析　细节理解题。本文主要说明了美国和韩国高中的不同点，作者采用的总分总的文章结构，第二、三、四、五这四段分别说明他们的不同之处，总共有4处。

　　答案　B

　　2．It seems that the writer________.

　　A．is familiar with the education system of high schools in Korea

　　B．is fond of Korean students’ appearance

　　C．prefers the high school life of America to the one of Korea

　　D．feels it common to have lessons on weekends

　　解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中倒数第二句中“One other fact that helped me appreciate living in America...”可知，作者喜欢在美国中学的生活，因为韩国高中星期六还要去学校，而美国不用。

　　答案　C

　　3．What does the underlined word “setup” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

　　A．Arrangement. B．Size.

　　C．Number. D．Outline.

　　解析　词义猜测题。第一句话为本段的中心句。根据其后的内容可知，本段主要介绍了韩、美两国高中在班级人数、作息等方面组织(方式)、安排的不同之处，因此选A。

　　答案　A

　　4．According to the rules，the students of Korea can________.

　　A．go to different high schools without exams

　　B．wear any clothes except uniforms at school

　　C．attend different classes as they like

　　D．have different hair styles

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句话“...it seems the only freedom students have is with their choices of hair style，socks and shoes.”可知，韩国学生唯一的自由就是可以选择发型、袜子、鞋子，故答案选D，即他们可以有不同的发型。

　　答案　DGetting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

　　In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

　　Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

　　Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

　　1. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because

　　.

　　A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.

　　B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

　　C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths

　　D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

　　2.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?

　　A. Afraid.

　　B. Curious.

　　C. Approving.

　　D. Uninterested.

　　3. How does the passage mainly develop?

　　A. By providing examples.

　　B. By making comparisons.

　　C. By following the order of time.

　　D. By following the order of importance.

　　4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

　　A. To stress the role of dirt.

　　B. To introduce the history of dirt.

　　C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.

　　D. To present the change of views on dirt.

　　【参考答案】1—4、CA CD

　　四、七选五

　　(2015·东北三省四市二模)

　　You often find somebody who works around you complaining(抱怨) all the time, don't you? ___1__ About 70% of Americans say being around nonstop complainers sometimes has a bad influence on them. Luckily, here are 4 tips to help form positive patterns.

　　1．Self­awareness

　　When a negative(消极的) thought pops into your mind, immediately correct it. Instead of telling yourself “That's a nice shirt, but I can't afford it，” change the message to “That will look great with my black pants when I can afford it.” ___2__

　　Of course everyone complains

　　sometimes. But the less frequently you complain, the better you will feel.

　　2．Distance yourself

　　___3__ Excuse yourself and go somewhere quiet, somewhere outdoors in the fresh air. Think of something pleasant before returning. You have to take this seriously because negative people can and will pull you into the quicksand.

　　3．Don't try to change complainers

　　If you find yourself trapped in a group of complainers in a meeting or at a social event, simply choose silence. Let their words bounce off you while you think of something else. Attempting to stop the complaining can make you a target. ___4__ If someone says, “I hate Mondays; weekends are too short，” try to think, “I'm glad I rested up over the weekend, so I'm ready to make some improvement on that big project.”

　　4.___5__

　　When someone is shouting at you angrily, throw the responsibility back at them by asking, “So what do you intend to do about it？” In most cases, complainers don't really want a solution(解决方法). They just want to speak them out. If you make them aware that they themselves have to find the solutions, they will leave you alone and find someone else to complain to. If so, you will be happy.

　　A．Find solutions

　　B．Change responsibility

　　C．You have got a lot of company.

　　D．By doing this, it will lead to positive behaviors.

　　E．But you can redirect the discussion in your own mind.

　　F．Whenever possible, escape from negative conversations.

　　G．You will never know what they are going to talk about.

　　文章大意：本文为说明文。主要介绍了如何应对爱抱怨的人。

　　1．C　由前一句“You often find somebody who works around you complaining all the time”和后一句“About 70% of Americans say...”可知答案选C。

　　2．D　根据上文change the message to “That will look great with my black pants when I can afford it”可知，这种想法会帮助我们建立积极的态度。故答案选D。

　　3．F　从标题句Distance yourself和本段最后“because negative people can and will pull you into the quicksand”，可知要远离消极的人，故选F。

　　4．E　根据本段最后一句的举例“ I'm glad I rested up over the weekend, so I'm ready to...”可知要从不同的角度思考。故答案选E。

　　5．B　根据段落内容和关键句“throw the responsibility back at them by”可知答案选B。