2017届高考英语一轮复习语法讲解课件：虚拟语气（新人教版）

　　虚拟语气

　　注：

　　虚拟条件句与主语的谓语动词——与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反，从句用一般过去式(be用were；与将来可 能事实相反时还可用were to /should +动 词原形)，主句用would /should /could/ might +动词原形；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用would /should/ could /might have +过去分词。

　　熟读深思

　　My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she were［1］my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat, she would look［2］like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that she (should) eat［3］ more vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) work out［4］regularly. Besides, he insisted that she (should) walk［5］ to school. If she had followed the doctor’s advice, she would not be so fat now［6］. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become［7］ overweight.

　　This morning, Mary’s mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldn’t help shouting,“ If only I were［8］ a little thinner! How I wish I hadn’t eaten［9］so much junk food before!”

　　Were I Mary, I would make［10］a weight loss plan. If I became overweight in the future, I would do［11］ sports every day. Now it is high time she changed［12］ her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldn’t be［13］ able to lose weight. I would rather she went［14］swimming with me, but she insists that water sports are［15］ not suitable for her. So it is necessary that she (should) walk［16］to school.

　　汉语译文：我的同桌玛丽对我像亲姐妹一样。她人长得漂亮，就是有点胖。要不然，她就是一个超级模特了。去年，医生建议她多吃蔬菜和水果。医生同时建议她要经常锻炼，并坚持让她步行上学。如果她当时听了医生的建议，现在也不至于这么胖了。也就是说，假如医生说服了她减肥，她就不会太胖。

　　今天上午，玛丽的妈妈给她买了一条新裙子。那裙子真是漂亮。可是，玛丽试穿后，忍不住叫了起来：“我多希望我瘦一点点啊！要是当初我没有吃那么多的垃圾食品该多好啊！”如果我是玛丽，我会制定一个减肥计划。要是将来我发胖了，我一定会每天做运动。现在，该是玛丽改变她的生活方式的时候了。没有健康的生活方式，她是不可能成功减肥的。我倒是宁愿她和我一起去游泳。可是她坚持认为水上运动不适合她。因此，她有必要步行上学了。

　　熟读深思

　　1. 在as if/ as though, even if/even though引导的状语从句或表语从句中，与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。  2. 表示与现在事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语动词用一般过去式，(be一般用were)，主句的谓语用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 3.～5.在insist, suggest, advise, order, command, propose, demand, require, request等后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中的should可以省略。在suggestion, advice, order, command, demand, requirement, request等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”， 其中的should可以省略。 6. 错综条件句：有时if 从句中的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据他们表示的时间加以调整。本句的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相同。

　　7. 表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时，即“had＋过去分词”，主句用“would /should/could / might + have +过去分词”。 8～9. 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句和 If only（但愿）引出的句子中, 需用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句或if only后的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句或if only后的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时。 10. 如果if 从句中含有were, had或should, 可将if 省略，然后将were, had或should提前至主语前。即从句可用半倒装。 11. 表示与将来事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用一般过去式，或用“were to / should +动词原形”，主句用“would / should /could/ might +动词原形”。 12. 在It is (high) time that 后的从句中， 谓语动词用“should(不能省略)+动词原形”或一般过去时都可以。 13. 含蓄条件从句：用连词otherwise, or，but或用介词but for, without等暗示前面的条件。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。其中介词but for, without表示的虚拟语气， 可和if 引导的假设条件状语从句替换。 14. would (had) rather , would sooner用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。 15. 动词insist表“坚持认为，坚持说, 坚持某种说法”； suggest 表“暗示，表明”时，后面从句不用虚拟语气。 16. 在it is necessary (important, natural, strange, surprising) that 引导的主语从句中，主语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。

　　倒装与高考

　　1. 我们在做语法填空题时，一旦判断所给动词在句中作为谓语后，就考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。

　　2. 短文改错中，可能出现动词形式的错误。 1.If I _____ (be) you, I would do it in a different way. 1. 与现在事实相反。

　　2. If you had followed my advice just now, you _________(be) fine now.

　　2. 与现在事实相反。 were would be 一、单句填空

　　灵活运用

　　3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________________ (score) a goal. 3. 与过去事实相反。

　　4. If I ____(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas. 4. 与现在事实相反。 would have scored had 5. The doctor ordered that she ________ (stay) in bed for a few days. (should) stay 6. It is very important that you ______ _______(master) the skills of computer.

　　7. English teachers give advice that we ____________ (make) good use of every chance to speak English. (should) make (should) master 8. It is high time that we _________ ______(take) some measures to protect the wild animals. took/should take 9. How I wish every family ____ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden！ had 10. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ___ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she ___________(have) a medical examination. should have was 二、语篇填空

　　Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1 _____(be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2 ___(be) hard-working. Peter could do better, 3 ____ he doesn’t want to work hard. People believe if Peter 4 _______(work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study. were

　　is

　　but

　　worked

　　At home, their parents make a suggestion that they 5 ________(do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6____________ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 7 ___(be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.

　　One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercise-book aside and used another one.

　　should do

　　should finish

　　is

　　When Peter found the previous exercise-book, he struck out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day. When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ Mother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8 ______(be) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9 ______(be) as diligent as your brother! Now it’s time that I 10 _____ (give) you a good lesson.

　　was

　　were

　　gave

　　And I insist that you 11 ________________( not play) any computer games for a whole month too.

　　Remember to do as I ask you to, 12 ___________, you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year!”

　　“Oh, no! Mom. 13 _______computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14 _______(ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset.

　　“If you 15 __________ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now.” said the mother. should not play

　　or/otherwise

　　without

　　asked

　　had finished

　　汤姆和彼特虽是长得像同一个人且都很聪明,但学习上却一勤一懒, 各不相同, 甚至有一次还因彼特懒惰, 投机取巧, 闹出笑话。 1. were 因as if引导的表语从句是与现在事实相反的情况, 从句谓语用一般过去时, be一般用were。 2. is 因suggests表示“表明，说明”，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。 3. but 因“本来可以做得更好”与“不愿努力学”是转折关系。 4. worked 因if表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用一般过去时。 5. should do 在表示“建议”的suggestion后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用should do。 6. should finish 在insist表示“坚决要求”时, 其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。 7. is 该句的insists表示“坚持认为”，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。 8. was 因suggested作“表明，说明”解，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。 9. were 在表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句，其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在的愿望。 10. gave 或should give 在It’s time that句型的that从句中，谓语动词用一般过去式或“should +动词原形”。 11. should not play 句中insist表示“坚决要求”，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”。

　　12. or/otherwise 由后面句中的谓语would be可知, 前面用or或otherwise (否则)来表示虚拟条件。 13. Without 由后面的would die可知，填without表示虚拟条件。 14. asked 在would rather后的从句中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来。 15. had finished 表示与过去事实相反的情况，虚拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时。 三、单句改错

　　1. How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun. are→ were

　　与现在事实相反或不可能实现的愿望，故用一般过去时。

　　2. Had he worked hard years ago, he would become very rich today.

　　在become前加 have

　　前句相当于If he had worked hard years ago, 与过去事实相反的假设,主句谓语要用would have done。句意：如果他几年前就努力工作，他现在也已经变得富有了。 3. If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.

　　will→ would

　　虚拟条件句是与现在事实相反的情况，主句谓语用would do。

　　4. But the fact that China are also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now. 在But后加for

　　因but for(如果没有，要不是)是固定短语，常与虚拟语气连用。 5. It might have been done better if you have been more careful.

　　have→ had

　　在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中，谓语用过去完成时。

　　6. I actually believe that we would be in Xi’an now if you hadn’t caught drunk while driving last month. 在caught前加been

　　表示“被抓”用被动语态。 7. It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education. establish→ established

　　或在establish 前加 should

　　因为由句型It is time that sb. should do 或 It is high time that sb. did sth.决定的。其中should不能省略。

　　8. Mr. Li, my English teacher, speaks English as if he is an Englishman. is→ were

　　表示与现在事实相反的情况，用一般过去时表示，be一律用were。 9. Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there. can→ could

　　因if only (但愿，要是……就好了)是个固定句型, 表示将来的愿望,

　　用could do。

　　10. I’d rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow. goes→ went

　　在would rather后接句子时，用一般过去时表示与现在或将来不太可能的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。