文章的标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式,其特点是: (1)概括性:短小精悍,言简意赅,多为一个名词性短语。 (2)针对性:既能覆盖全文,范围又大小合适。 (3)醒目性:能吸引人的眼球,能引起阅读欲望。 以下三招可帮助我们提高解题速度和增加准确性。
选择文章标题有三招 1.用略读法 跟解答主旨大意题相同,主要是略读,即重点理解首尾段和各段的首尾句,迅速找出主题句,或根据文章内容自己归纳主旨要义,然后与各标题对照,看哪个选项与文章主旨大意相符。 2.用写作法 先不看文章,浏览着各备选项,逐一设想,如果我用这个标题来写文章会写些什么内容呢,并构思结构框架,然后快速浏览全文,对照自己原有设想,一一排除不符者。
3.研究备选项 研究备选项里面的中心词、各选项的修饰语及彼此差异、分析概括范围等。看是否以偏概全,是否只是某个细节等。逐一排除不符者。 实际解题过程中,是综合以上三种方法的。
1. According to the passage, winners ________.
A. deal with problems rather than blame others B. meet with fewer difficulties in their lives C. have responsible and able colleagues
D. blame themselves rather than others 即学即用 A 解析:A
归纳结论题。由第一段中的 “once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser”可知“赢家不应责备别人”,由第一段中的 “focusing on how to remedy the situation”和第二段首句Winners are great at overcoming problems可知,“赢家是解决问题”,第二段的举例中有更明显的话 “find ways of dealing with…rather than…”,故选A。
2. The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________. A. avoid
B.
accept
C. improve
D. consider
解析:C 词义猜测题。由上文“因a bad situation来责备某人或某事是失败者”,而“改变 the situation是不可能的”,“然而你可以remedy the situation”,根据这三句的逻辑关系不难推出,remedy应是“改善”之意。
C 3. When your colleague brings about a problem, you should_________. A. find a better way to handle the problem B. blame him for his lack of responsibility C. tell him to find the cause of the problem D. ask a more able colleague for help 解析:A
细节理解题。由第二段第四句if your colleague causes you problems… find ways of dealing with…可知。
A 4. When problems occur, winners take them as _____. A. excuses for their failures
B. barriers to greater power C. challenges to their colleagues
D. chances for self-development 解析:D 细节理解题。由第三段第三句They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents可知。
D 5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Winner’s Secret.
B. A Winner’s Problem. C. A Winner’s Opportunity.
D. A Winner’s Achievement. 解析:A
本题要求考生选出正确的标题。 A [方法1] 正面肯定法。第一段最后一句说,“这”(赢家碰到问题不是责怪别人,而是设法补救)就是赢家成功的秘密。第二、第三段第一句分别是这两段的主题句,说赢家擅长于“克服问题”,把问题当作挑战和机遇。文章中尽管多次出现“problem”一词,但只是说赢家怎样对待“问题”而成功,故选A。
[方法2]反面否定法。如果以“A Winner’s Problem ”为标题写文章,那么全文应主要涉及赢家会遇到哪些“问题”,诸如社会的、心理的、专业的、身体的问题等。如果以“A Winner’s Opportunity”为题做文章,则应着墨于“机遇”对成功的影响,即文章需着重论述赢家与“机遇”的关系。如果以“A Winner’s Achievement”为题著文,则文中应该谈及赢家的“成就”。然而都不是,故不选B、C、D。
[方法3] 研究备选项本身。A中的“secret”一词最吸引眼球,也最具概括力。故选A。 综合多种思路,选A。 1.挑战_____________
2.处理____________________
3.集中于____________ 4.培养才能______________________
5.使发生;引起_________________ 6.colleague____________
challenge handle(=deal with)
focus on develop one’s talents
bring about 同事 复记强化 7.irresponsibility____________ 8.opportunity____________
9.so-and-so____________ 10.break down____________
11.for lack of___________________
12.be all about____________________ 13.have power over ____________ 无责任感 机遇 某某人 发生故障 控制;支配 因没有;因缺乏 把……当作重点
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