2017届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解指导课件：语意转换题的三种类型（新人教版）

　　事实细节题就是对文中的具体信息提问，即对时间﹑地点﹑原因﹑人物﹑事件、目的等具体信息进行提问。这类题在高考的阅读理解中占的比例最大。 细节题有数字计算题、排序题、是非判断题，但主要还是语意转换题，事实上前三种题中的选项也很少见与文中信息的表达方式一模一样的，也大多经过了同义转换。语意转换通常有三种。 语意转换题的三种类型 1. 直接信息题

　　虽说是直接信息题，但选项与文中信息的表达方式也不会完全一样，正确选项是文中的某个信息点或某个句子的信息的另一种表达。考生找起来相对较易。 [例1](2011广东) Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry…shouting at me…I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.

　　No more angry shouts and no more horns! … But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights? A. They speed up to pass. B. They waited with patience. C. They tried their best to help. D. They put on their flashlights too. B 解析：B

　　在文中对应信息是But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited，正确选项B。They waited with patience，其中with patience (耐心地)是instead of getting impatient and angry (没有不耐烦和生气)的另一种表达形式。 2. 间接信息题 虽然正确选项的对应信息在文中可以找到，但其对应的信息点不是一个信息点或在某个句子中，而是涉及前后两三个信息点，或两三个句子的信息，这两三个信息点或句子可能紧紧相连，也可能不在同一段落。 [例2] (2017广东) Fred Epstein, in his book If I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.

　　What do we know about Tom? A. He was seriously ill.

　　B. He was a dishonest boy. C. He was crazy about magic.

　　D. He was Dr. Epstein’s patient. 解析：A

　　正确选项是A，其对应信息在前后两句话中，关键信息是“癌症(cancer)”“经历了几次手术(through several operations)”“非常痛苦(a lot of pain)”，通过归纳，可知“他的病非常严重”，故选A。顺便提提，“癌症(cancer)”是“生病(ill)”的下义词。

　　A 3.

　　综合信息题 或叫细节推断题，正确选项中几乎没有一个词可以在文中找到，也不是简单的用同义或近义词替换而来，而是要求考生在理解多个信息点之后得出的结论。这些信息点可能在一句，可能在整段甚至前后几段，考生要对这些信息进行分析综合，归纳提炼，才可作出正确选择。 [例3] (2017广东) One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family,” he wrote.

　　◆When he first met the author, David

　　.

　　A. felt a little excited

　　B. walked energetically C. looked a little nervous

　　D. showed up with his teacher C 解析：C

　　在文中对应信息是 “He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly”，考生要根据 “他不安地踱来踱去，面色苍白，他的双手在微微颤动”综合考虑这些具体的细节描写，再结合常识进行推断，才可知道“他看起来有点紧张”，故选C。

　　1. When Tom went for the third operation, he___. A. pretended to be painful

　　B. acted like a superhero C. appeared in poor spirits

　　D. argued with his mother 解析：B

　　在文中对应信息是“Maybe I could go as Superman” “buying the expensive costume(戏装)” “The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman”，由此可确认Tom去动第三次手术时，“他装扮成超人”，故选B。 即学即用 B 2. What made David change?

　　A. His teacher’s help.

　　B. His exchange of letters with the author.

　　C. The author’s friendship.

　　D. The author’s silent communication with him. D 解析：D

　　在文中对应的信息主要是第三段中的in complete silence和最后一段第二句But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to another person，可知是作者同David的无声交流改变了David，故选D。描写David的变化及其原因，前后跨越了3个段落。 3. Why did Delta give the author’s family credits?

　　A.

　　They took a later flight. B.

　　They had early bookings. C.

　　Their flight had been delayed. D.

　　Their flight had been cancelled. A 解析：A

　　在题干中找到关键词Delta, 顺着找到the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day和下面的The next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight…Our total take:$ 1,600. 可知，Delta航空公司给他们钱是因为他们坐迟些时候的班机，故选A。