2017年高考英语一轮复习讲练测：必修1.4《 Earthquakes》（讲）（原卷版）

　　必修 Unit4

　　Earthquakes

　　单元知识预览

　　项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）

　　重点单词 1．burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂，爆发

　　2．event n．事件；大事

　　3．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的，民族的→nationality n．国籍

　　4．ruin n．废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产

　　5．suffering n．苦难；痛苦→suffer v．受苦，遭受

　　6．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.

　　7．injure vt.损害；伤害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n．伤害，损害

　　8．destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭

　　9．useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful(反义词)→use v. & n．使用，利用

　　10．shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊

　　11．rescue n. & vt.援救；营救

　　12．trap vt.使陷入困境 n．陷阱；困境

　　13．electricity n．电；电流；电学→electric adj.用电的；带电的；发电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的

　　14．disaster n．灾难；灾祸

　　15．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏

　　16．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处

　　17．damage n. & vt.损失；损害

　　18．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的

　　19．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．判断，判决

　　20．express vt.表示；表达n.快车；速递→expression n．表达→expressive adj.有表现力的

　　重点短语 1．right away立刻

　　2．at an end

　　结束

　　3．in ruins

　　成为废墟

　　4．dig out

　　掘出；发现

　　5．a(great) number of

　　许多；大量的

　　6．give out

　　分发；发出(气味、热等)

　　7．thousands of

　　成千上万

　　8．think little of

　　不重视；不假思索

　　9．blow away

　　吹走；刮走

　　10．be proud of

　　以……而自豪

　　11．instead of

　　代替

　　12．be trapped in

　　陷入……之中

　　13．be known for/as

　　因为/作为……出名14．bring in

　　引进；引来

　　经典句型

　　（高考书面表达必备） 1．In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。

　　2．It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！

　　3．All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。

　　4．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。

　　5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人们为那些家园遭受破坏的幸存者建了住所。

　　必备语法（高级句型） 名词性从句（2）

　　晨读范文背诵

　　背诵这篇范文注意划线部分的用法

　　假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动。现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。

　　回顾双方的交流活动（如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面）；

　　谈谈收获或感情；

　　表达祝愿语期望。

　　注意：

　　词数不少于100；

　　可适当加入细节，是内容充实、行文连贯；

　　开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

　　Dear friends,

　　How time flies!

　　Thank you.

　　【答案】

　　One possible version:

　　Dear__friends,__

　　How__time__flies! Two weeks went by before we realized that our exchange activities ended. On behalf of our school, I would like to express my feelings.

　　As scheduled, we took part in several instructive activities. We have learnt many Chinese characters and often took exercise together. We went to the restaurant to taste the Chinese traditional food. The food was extremely delicious and different from our food. While visiting the art exhibition, we discussed the great artists' works.

　　As far as I'm concerned, everyone here is a member of our big family. And at last I sincerely wish you a pleasant trip to your country. I hope we'll get together again next year.

　　Thank__you.

　　语言知识精析

　　重点单词精讲

　　考点1．burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发

　　【教材原句】In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1)She burst out crying for a while, and burst into laughter for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又___________，这使我们一头雾水。

　　（1）

　　(2)We all thought his heart would burst with happiness.

　　我们都认为他心中的快乐快要____________了。

　　（2）

　　(3)The police burst in and arrested the gang.

　　警察______________逮捕了那帮人。

　　（3）

　　【归纳拓展】

　　burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然……起来

　　burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然……起来；突然发作

　　burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来

　　burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来

　　burst in 闯入

　　burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支

　　be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做(某事)

　　at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下

　　a burst of anger 怒火的迸发

　　【即时巩固】

　　单项填空

　　1. One minute she burst into ____, and the next she burst out ____. We just couldn’t catch her mood at any moment.

　　A．crying; laughter

　　B．tears; laughing

　　C．tears; laughter

　　D．crying; laughing

　　2.Rose’s humor was________ make every student burst into_______.

　　A．so amused as to…laughter B．so amusing as to… laughter

　　C．such that…laughing D．so that… laughing

　　完成句子

　　3.After that, he ______________________(突然大哭起来)．

　　4.There came _______________________(一阵笑声)．

　　5.He blew the balloon ________________(直到它爆裂为止)．

　　考点2．ruin n. [U]毁坏；毁灭，崩溃[C](pl.) 废墟，遗迹v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭

　　【教材原句】In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1)Drink was his father's ruin and it will be the ruin of him too.

　　酗酒是他父亲________的原因，他也将遭同样的__________。（1）

　　(2)Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.

　　多年的战事已经使得这个地区__________。

　　（2）

　　(3)A large number of churches fell to ruin after the revolution. 革命过后，许多教堂________。（3）

　　(4)The heavy rain ruined our holiday.

　　大雨把我们的假期彻底__________。

　　（4）

　　(5)If you go on like this, you'll ruin yourself.

　　如果你继续这样下去，你会自己___________。

　　（5）

　　【归纳拓展】

　　in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪

　　be the ruin of 成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因

　　come/fall to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉

　　bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产

　　bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡

　　ruin oneself 自取灭亡

　　ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉

　　【即时巩固】

　　根据汉语提示完成句子

　　(1)An earthquake________________________(使全城到处是颓垣断壁)．(leave)

　　(2)Some pre－war constructions were abandoned and eventually ________________(成了废墟)．

　　(3)That one mistake ________ (毁坏)his chances of getting the job.

　　（4）His future lies __________ because he was caught stealing in the shop and put into prison.

　　A．as usual B．in ruins

　　C．by mistake D．on purpose

　　考点3．injure vt. 损害，伤害

　　【教材原句】The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死伤的人数达到40多万。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1)The boy injured his leg.

　　这个男孩把腿_____________。

　　（1）

　　(2)Your remark may injure her pride.

　　你的话也许会___________。

　　（2）

　　(3)I didn't mean to do her an injury.

　　我并未打算_________她。

　　（3）

　　【归纳拓展】

　　injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害

　　injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的

　　do an injury to sb.伤害某人

　　the injured伤员

　　an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情

　　injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感

　　【即时巩固】

　　用wound, hurt或injure的适当形式填空

　　(1)His cold behaviour

　　________ her deeply.

　　(2)The bullet________ him in the shoulder.

　　(3)He was ________ in the accident.

　　(4)When the girl learned that her boyfriend was ________ in the earthquake, she ________．

　　A．injured; burst in tear

　　B．killed; burst out tears

　　C．still alive; burst into tears

　　D．missing; burst into laughter

　　考点4．shock n. [U；C]打击；震惊；震动；休克vt. 使震惊，使惊愕

　　【教材原句】People were shocked.人们惊呆了。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1)The news of his wife's death was a terrible shock to him.

　　他妻子去世的消息_________________。

　　（1）

　　(2)He was shocked at her smoking.

　　看到她在吸烟，他很______________。

　　（2）

　　(3) It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.

　　看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到________。（3）

　　【归纳拓展】

　　be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊

　　be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事

　　It shocked sb. to see/hear...看见/听到……使某人震惊。

　　(be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击

　　提示：shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)

　　shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)

　　【即时巩固】

　　(1)____________________ the sight.

　　这情景使我大为震惊。

　　(2)If you touch a live wire, __________________．

　　如果你摸带电的线，就会触电。

　　(3)The message __________________________．

　　这条消息使他震惊。

　　(4)The ________ news made all the people present ________.

　　A．shocking; shocking

　　B．shocking; shocked

　　C．shocked; shocking

　　D．shocked; shocked

　　（5）—Have you heard of ________ death of Steven Jobs?  — Yes. It must be________ shock to Apple fans.

　　A．the; the B．a; the C．the; a D．a; /

　　考点5．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏

　　【教材原句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1)He was sitting with his head buried in a book.他坐着__________。（1）

　　(2)He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets.

　　他走得很慢，两手_________。（2）

　　(3)After the divorce, she buried herself in her work.离婚后，她____________。（3）

　　【归纳拓展】

　　bury oneself in study 埋头研究

　　bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事

　　be buried in thoughts 沉思

　　bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面

　　be buried alive 被活埋；隐居

　　提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。

　　【即时巩固】

　　1. _______ in thought, I didn’t notice what was happening.

　　A．Having buried B．Burying C．Buried D．To be buried

　　2.________ deep down in the earth for thousands of years, the dead forest has rotted away and become coal．

　　A．Having buried B．Being buried

　　C．Buried D．To be buried

　　3. After starting work, Cao spent his evenings _____ in his books and was eventually admitted to a secondary technical school.

　　A．burying B．buried

　　C．being buried D．having buried

　　考点6．judge v. 断定；判断；判决n. 裁判员；法官；评判员

　　【教材原句】Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1)Don't judge a book by its cover.

　　勿________取人。（1）

　　(2) Judging from/by his accent, he must be a southerner.

　　根据他的口音_________，他一定是个南方人。（2）

　　(3)He was judged to be the best actor of this year.

　　他____________今年的最佳男演员。（3）

　　【归纳拓展】

　　judgment n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力

　　judging by/from 从……上看，根据……判断

　　judge sb./sth. from/by... 从……来判断

　　judge between right and wrong 判断是非

　　as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为

　　in one's judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法

　　【即时巩固】

　　1. ________ from what she said at the meeting, she must have lied to all of us.

　　A．Judged B．Judging C．To judge D．Judge

　　2. It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly ______ my friend. 

　　A．ignore

　　B．judge

　　C．recognize

　　D．realize

　　3.      to be the best one in the group, she had an opportunity to enter for the final competition.

　　A．Judging

　　B．To Judge

　　C．Having judged

　　D．Judged

　　重点短语精讲

　　考点1．right away立刻，马上

　　【教材原句】Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away设想你们家开始摇晃，你必须马上离开。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1)I want it to be sent right away.

　　马上把它发出去。

　　(2)He cleaned the room right away.

　　他立即开始打扫房间。

　　(3)He’s not in the office right now.

　　他现在不在办公室。

　　【归纳拓展】

　　(1)表示“立刻，马上”的短语

　　without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time/right off

　　(2)比较right away/right now

　　right away“立刻，马上”，相当于at once, in no time。

　　right now“立即，马上；此时此刻”，后一意义比now的语气强，相当于at this very moment。

　　【即时巩固】

　　考点2．at an end 终止；结束

　　【教材原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日！

　　【例句研读】

　　(1)The year is at an end.

　　这一年已到___________了。（1）

　　(2)The meeting came to an

　　end.

　　会议_____________了。（2）

　　(3)Go straight and you’ll find the hospital at the end of the road.

　　一直往前走，你会在_______________找到这家医院。（3）

　　(4)They argued for two hours on end.

　　他们____________辩论了两个小时。（4）

　　【归纳拓展】

　　bring...to an end (使)结束，终止

　　come to an end 结束，终止

　　at the end of 在……尽头(末)

　　by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)

　　in the end

　　最后，终于(后不加 of短语)

　　on end 一连，连续

　　to the end 到底

　　without end 没完没了

　　make ends meet 收支相抵

　　【即时巩固】

　　英汉互译

　　(1)He didn't answer it right away.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　(2)立刻给他打电话。(right away)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　(3)We will take care of this right away.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　(4)此刻我们不能谈论这个问题。(right now)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　考点3．a (great) number of 许多；大量的

　　【教材原句】Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.

　　【例句研读】

　　(1)There ______ (be) a great number of books in the shelves.

　　(2)The number of guests invited ______ (be) 50, but a number of them ______ (be) absent for the heavy rain.

　　(3)Quantities of water ______ (be) polluted now.

　　(4)A great deal of oil ______ (be) poured into the sea and did great harm to creatures in the water.

　　(5)Many a famous writer ______(be) an alumnus(撰搞人) of a local newspaper.

　　【归纳拓展】

　　a large/great/good number of; a great/good many; a good few; quite a few＋可数名词复数

　　many a/more than one＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词

　　a great/good deal of; a great/large amount of; quite a little＋不可数名词

　　a lot/lots of; a great/large quantity of; large quantities of; plenty of＋可数名词复数或不可数名词

　　提示：(1)a number of是“许多，大量”的意思，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。

　　the number of 是“……的数目”的意思，谓语动词用单数。

　　(2)large quantities of ＋(pl.)/[U]做主语，谓语动词用复数。

　　large amounts of＋[U] n．做主语，谓语动词用复数。

　　【即时巩固】

　　(1)____________________(许多学生) find it hard to find an acceptable job after graduation.(number)

　　(2)A great number of new factories ____________________________(被建立)in my hometown since 1987.

　　(3)____________ (大量的金钱已被花) on the new hospital since 1980.

　　(4)A large number of students in our school ________ from the countryside; the number ________ growing these years.

　　A．is; has been

　　B．are; has been

　　C．is; have been

　　D．are; have been

　　考点4. as usual

　　【教材原句】Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual. She is very reliable and I knew I didn’t need to encourage her.像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。

　　【例句研读】

　　Lily got up at 6 o’clock________（像往常一样），but she realized it was Sunday as soon as she prepared her school bag.

　　Lily像往常一样六点钟起床，但当她准备书包时才意识到那是星期天。

　　【归纳拓展】

　　usual adj.　通常的；平常的

　　usually adv.

　　通常地；平常地

　　…than usual

　　比平常……

　　【即时巩固】

　　1. Lily got up at 6:00 o'clock     _______ but she realized it was Sunday soon.

　　A．as usual B．as possible C．at present D．at last

　　2. —How often do you eat out?

　　—___, but usually once a week.

　　A．I have no idea B．It depends

　　C．As usual D．Generally speaking

　　经典句型剖析

　　考点1.

　　It seemed as if

　　【教材原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！

　　【句法分析】It seems (to sb.) that... (对某人来说)似乎……＝Sb. seems to do/to be doing/to have done...

　　It seems as if/though... “似乎(好像)……”，可接虚拟语气。

　　seem＋(to be)＋n./adj. 似乎是……

　　There seems to be... 好像有……

　　It seems so. (＝So it seems.) 似乎是那样。

　　【例句研读】

　　①It seemed that he had known the truth.＝He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。

　　②His father seems (to be) strict.他父亲似乎很严厉。

　　③There seemed to be a voice in the distance.似乎远处有人说话。

　　④It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。

　　【拓展归纳】

　　seem/look/appear

　　(1)seem 暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际的判断，后可接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。

　　(2)look 着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与 like连用，但不能与不定式连用。可接 as if从句，不接 that从句。

　　(3)appear 强调外表给人的印象，而且事实往往并非如此。可接 that从句，不接 as if从句。

　　【考点聚焦】考查seem的用法。

　　【即时巩固】

　　1. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ the art of communicating face-to-face.

　　A．losing B．to be losing

　　C．to be lost D．having lost

　　2. _______, nobody was injured in the accident．

　　A．As it may seem strange B．Because it may seem strange

　　C．Strange as it may seem D．Strange as may it seem

　　3.—What a noise! I can hardly stand it.

　　—It ______ as if they are having a party next door.

　　A．looksB．seems

　　C．appears

　　D．happens

　　考点2

　　too . . . to . . .结构

　　【教材原句】In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。

　　【句法分析】too...to... 句型表示“太……以至于不能……(表否定)”，可转化为 not...enough to...和 so...that...。

　　提示：(1)当 too后接 easy, ready, happy, willing, eager 或 anxious时，to 后的动词表示肯定。例如：

　　The book is too easy to understand.这本书太容易理解了。

　　He was too anxious to leave.他急于离开。

　　(2)too...not to... 句式表示肯定意思。例如：

　　He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。

　　(3)too...to...中 too前面用了否定词(如 never)时，表示肯定。例如：

　　It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。

　　(4)only too...to...表示肯定，其中 too后的形容词多数是表示某种心情的，如 glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined 等，也有描绘性的形容词，如 good, kind, true等。例如：

　　The girl is only too kind to help us.这姑娘非常乐于帮助我们。

　　【例句研读】

　　The child is too young to dress himself.

　　The child is not old enough to dress himself.

　　The child is so young that he can't dress himself.

　　这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。

　　【考点聚焦】考查too . . . to . . .结构

　　【即时巩固】

　　1.Jim is a kind boy. He is ______willing to help his classmates.

　　A．so

　　B．such

　　C．much

　　D．too

　　2. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ______ to carry all the way home.  A much too heavy  B too much heavy    C heavy too much     D too heavy much

　　3. —What do you think of the book I lent to you yesterday ? —Oh, not too bad.It’s not too difficult_______. A  reading  B.to be read   C.to read   D.being read

　　考点3

　　部分否定和全部否定

　　【教材原句】All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。

　　【句法分析】此句为部分否定。all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, all the time, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether 等代词、形容词和副词与否定词 not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。

　　【例句研读】

　　①All that glitters is not gold.发光的并不一定都是金子。

　　②Both of the brothers don't like the film.兄弟俩不都喜欢这部电影。

　　③Not everything went well with him.他并非每件事情都顺利。

　　④Not all of the rich are happy.不是所有有钱人都幸福。

　　⑤The rich are not always happy.有钱人并非总是幸福。

　　⑥You can't fool all the people all the time.你未必总是能愚弄所有的人。

　　【拓展归纳】

　　全部否定用：no one, none, neither, nobody, nothing，以及 not...any/either来表示。

　　①None of them are right. 他们都不对。

　　②Neither of us will go. 我们俩都不去。

　　③Nobody can win me. 没人能赢我。

　　【考点聚焦】考查部分否定和全部否定

　　【即时巩固】

　　1.—The exam wasn't difficult at all, was it?

　　—No, but I don't believe ______could pass it.

　　A．somebody

　　B．anybody

　　C．everybody

　　D．nobody

　　2.—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?

　　—Actually I didn't like ______.

　　A．both of them

　　B．either of them

　　C．none of them

　　D．neither of them

　　3. “All the students don’t work hard.” means “_________”

　　A．Not all the students work hard. B．Every student works hard.

　　C．None of the students works hard. D．All of the above.

　　4. It’s impossible for all the people to get jobs because ______of them is not fit for them.

　　A．every one B．all C．not all D．none

　　5. Not all the students follow the rules. Which of the following statement has the same meaning？

　　A．None of the students follow the rules.

　　B．All the students don’t follow the rules.

　　C．No students follow the rules

　　D．All of the above