A.单句填空
1.If I ________(see) it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.
答案 hadn't seen [句意:如果不是亲眼所见,我是不会相信的。根据主句谓语wouldn't have believed可知,这里考查的是if条件句中对过去情况的虚拟,if条件句中应用过去完成时,故用hadn't seen。]
2.________ (be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
答案 were [句意:如果没有现代化的电讯,要想收到来自世界各地的消息,我们就不得不等几个星期。本题是if条件句的虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反。当if省略时,要使用部分倒装。]
3.Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________(dance) as well as her.
答案 danced [句意:Ellen是一个极出色的舞者。我希望我能够跳得和她一样好。动词wish后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。再根据句意,此处表示对现在情况的一种假设,所以从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去式,故用danced。]
4.They were abroad during the months when we were
carrying out the investigation, or they would ________ (come) to our help.
答案 have come [句意:我们在做调查的那几个月,他们在国外,否则他们会来给我们帮忙的。考查虚拟语气。由句意可知设空处表示与过去事实相反的假设。]
5.If she had been aware that the mushroom were poisonous, she wouldn't ________(pick) them for dinner.
答案 have picked [句意:要是知道这些蘑菇有毒,她不会采来做晚餐了。根据分析可知,if条件句是对过去情况的虚拟,因此主句用wouldn't have picked。]
6.—Who do you think could have done such a foolish thing?
—It ________ (be) Tom, but I'm not sure.
答案 may/might have been [句意:——你认为谁有可能做这样的蠢事?——可能是Tom,但我不确定。根据but I'm not sure可知设空处填may/might have been,表示不确定的可能性。]
7.They would________(arrive) on time for the Winter Olympics, but their car had a flat tyre on the halfway.
答案 have arrived [句意:他们本可以按时参加冬奥会,但他们的轮胎在半路上破了。考查含蓄条件下的虚拟语气,根据but后的句子,可知此处表示与过去事实相反的情况。故用have arrived。]
8.________anyone phone, tell them I'm in conference.
答案 Should [句意:要是有人打电话,就告诉他们我在开会。考查虚拟语气。本句为与将来事实相反的假设,从句用should do, were to do过去式,本句还省略了if, 可还原为If anyone should/were to phone/phoned...。]
9.The examination results suggested that I________in poor health, so the doctor suggested that I________(take) more exercises to improve it.
答案 was; (should) take [句意:检查结果表明我身体不好,所以医生建议我多锻炼来改善身体状况。第一空中的suggest是“暗示,表明”的意思,从句中不用虚拟语气;第二空中的suggest是“建议”的意思,故用should+v.原形,should可省略。]
10.—You failed to pass the English test again, didn't you?
—Yeah, if only I ________(work) harder at school.
答案 had worked [句意:——你英语测试又没及格,不是吗?——是的,要是我再努力些就好了。考查虚拟语气。根据上文可以判断此处表示过去的情境,if only从句中表过去情况的虚拟语气用过去完成时。]
B.单句改错
1.I would go to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.
________________________________________________________
答案 go→have gone [句意:要不是昨晚抽不出时间,我就去参加我堂弟的生日聚会了。结合句意和句中的“but I was not available”可知,题干前半句为含蓄条件句;由last night可知,该含蓄条件句表示对过去情况的虚拟,所以谓语形式为would/should/could/might+have done。]
2.Were he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
________________________________________________________
答案 Were→Had [句意:要是他赶上了早晨的火车,那他就不会开会迟到了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意,此处是与过去事实相反的假设,条件状语从句应该用过去完成时。本题为省略if的虚拟条件句,应把助动词had提到句首,变为倒装句式。]
3.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I done it?
________________________________________________________
答案 在done前加had [句意:是约翰打坏的窗户,你为什么和我说呢?好像是我打坏的一样。本题考查虚拟语气。第一句已经说明是John打坏的窗户,所以第二句中as if后面要用虚拟语气,而且是对过去的虚拟,故用had done。]
4.I should not have laughed if I have thought you were serious.
________________________________________________________
答案 have→had [句意:如果我(当时)认为你是认真的,我就不会笑了。主句中谓语动词使用should not have laughed,表明与过去的事实相反,从句谓语动词应该使用had done形式。]
5.If Mr Dewey been present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
________________________________________________________
答案 been前加had [句意:如果杜威先生在场的话,他肯定会给那里的人们提供任何可能的帮助。结合句意可知,从句表示与过去事实相反的情况,是对过去情况的虚拟和假设,故在been前加had。]
6.Had he predicted the disaster, he wouldn't taken his girlfriend to the 2015 New Year's celebration at the Bund, Shanghai.
________________________________________________________
答案 在wouldn't后加have [句意:如果他预料到这场灾难,他就不会带他女朋友去上海外滩参加2015年的新年庆祝活动了。本句中的条件状语从句采用了倒装形式,正常语序为:If he had predicted the disaster, he wouldn't have taken his girlfriend to the 2015 New Year's celebration at the Bund, Shanghai.根据语境可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故改为wouldn't have taken的形式。]
7.—How I wish I have passed the geography exam!
—So you're sorry that you didn't work hard.
________________________________________________________
答案 have→had [句意:——我多么希望通过了地理考试啊!——这么说你对没有努力学习后悔了。考查wish后的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。由语境可知此处表示对过去的愿望,故应用过去完成时。]
8.—It will be cool if I won this contest. I don't think I'm good enough, though.
—Give it a shot. You never know.
________________________________________________________
答案 will→would [句意:——我要是能赢这场比赛就太好了。但是我想我不够出色。——试试看,很难说。通过句意和won得知,本句为表示将来的虚拟,所以把will改为would。]
9.—Did you make it at last?
—Yes. But for your help, it have caused a serious loss.
________________________________________________________
答案 have前加would/could [句意:——最后你成功了吗?——是的,要不是你的帮助,将/可能会有很大的损失。考查虚拟语气。本句为与过去事实相反的假设,所以可用should/would/could/might have done的形式。但should常用于第一人称,might表示的可能性很小。]
10.—Max looks nervous.
—So will you if you had so fierce a competition.
________________________________________________________
答案 will→would [句意:——马克斯看上去很紧张。——如果是你参加这么激烈的比赛,你也会紧张的。本句中主句和if条件从句都表示和现在事实相反的假设,可改为:You would also look nervous if you had so fierce a competition.然后考虑采用“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”句型替换主句形式。]
易错题一:几个情态动词的误用
[例1] —Who is the girl standing over there?
—Well, if you ________ know, her name is Mabel.
[错解] will
[错因分析] 考生对must的基本用法掌握不清,而误填其他情态动词。
[答案] must
[心得体会]
[例2] One of our rules is that every student ________ wear school uniform while at school.
[错解] must
[错因分析] 不了解shall的用法的考生此题就填不出来。
[答案] shall
[心得体会]
易错题二:对一些虚拟语气结构的混淆与误用
[例1] —It's a pity that you miss the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I________ (attend) it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
[错解] should attend
[错因分析] 一些考生没有弄明白此处考查含蓄虚拟语气,因而容易误填。
[答案] would/could/should/might have attended
[心得体会]
[例2] Teachers strongly recommend parents ________ (allow) their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
[错解] don't allow
[错因分析] 本题考查了虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,考生若是对这方面的语法知识掌握得不牢固就很有可能误填。
[答案] not allow
[心得体会]
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