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2017届高考英语一轮复习语法备考:冠词(含解析)

发布时间:2017-03-01  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  易错题、陷阱题中隐含机关,预设陷阱,尽管你完全具备做好此类题的知识和能力,但由于你理解角度不对、分析思路不活、做题方法不当、使用技法不巧等,可能自认为捡了个大便宜,而实际上却刚好掉入了命题人为你精心准备的陷阱。

  冠词考点

  ◆典型陷阱题分析◆

  1. “Do you know ______ English for ‘帅哥’?” “I’m afraid I don’t. I’m not interested in _______ English language.”

  A. the, the B. the, 不填

  C. 不填, the D. 不填, 不填

  【陷阱】容易误选D,因为表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词。

  【分析】最佳答案为A。在英语中,表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词,但在某些特殊情况下可用冠词。如:

  (1) 当语言名词表特指意义,其前可用定冠词。如:

  The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. 美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有点不同。

  (2) 当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时,其前要用定冠词。如:

  What’s the English for this? 这个东西用英语怎么说?

  (3) 当在语言名词后加上 language一词时,也要用冠词。如:

  There have been many changes in the history of the English language. 英语发展过程中有很多变革。

  2. I couldn’t remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was ______ Sunday because everybody was at ______ church.

  A. a, the B. a, 不填

  C. 不填, a D. 不填, 不填

  【陷阱】容易误选D,因为星期名词前不加冠词;而 at church 表示在教堂里做礼拜,其中也不用冠词。

  【分析】最佳答案为B。确实,在通常情况下星期名词前不用冠词,但在某些特殊情况下还是可以用冠词的,如表示特指,其前可用定冠词;表示“某一个”或受描绘性定语修饰表示“某种”这样的意义等,其前可用不定冠词。如:

  He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday. 他星期日来,星期一就走了。

  My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 我的生日碰巧是星期六。

  3. Which person do you refer to, the one with ______ long hair or the one with _______ long beard?

  A. a, a B. 不填,不填

  C. a, 不填 D. 不填,a

  【陷阱】误选A或B,认为hair(头发)和beard(胡须)性质和用法应该差不多,要么都可数,要么都不可数,或者说要么都用不定冠词,要么都不用。

  【分析】最佳答案选D。hair 和 beard 在用法上并不完全相同:hair 可用作可数或不可数名词,用作可数名词时,指一根一根的毛发或头发,如说 There’s a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发);用作不可数名词(集合名词)时,则是整体地指一个人的头发。比较:

  He has gray hairs. 他有几根白发了。

  He has gray hair. 他满头白发了。

  而beard 则通常只用作可数名词,且指的是一个人所有的胡须,而不是指一根胡须,它的复数形式,通常是指多个人的胡须,而不是指多根胡须,如:

  He no longer wears a beard. 他不再留胡须。

  Not all men grow beards. 并不是所有的男人都留胡须。

  4. I once watched _______ one-act play, which was played by _______ 11-year-old boy.

  A. a, a B. an, an

  C. a, an D. an, a

  【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。

  【分析】最佳答案填C。第一空填 a,因为 one-act它的第一个音是辅音不是元音;第二空填an,是因为 11的英文是 eleven它的第一个音是元音不是辅音。类似以下各题的答案是 C 不是其他:

  (1) Before he was arrested, he had taken _______ one-month holiday, and stayed in the country with ________ 18-year-old girl, one of his students.

  A. a, a B. an, an

  C. a, an D. an, a

  (2) We hired _______ one-eyed man to play in our film, and we gave him _______ 100-pound check for just one minute.

  A. a, an B. an, a

  C. a, a D. an, an

  5. “Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.”

  A. a, the B. the, the

  C. a, a D. the, a

  【陷阱】误选A,生搬硬套冠词用法规则:第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词,第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。

  【分析】最佳答案为C。第一空填a,比较好理解;而第二空填a是因为此句中的one 并非指前面提到的 pen,即这里的 one 与前面的 pen 并非同一事物,这从后面一句的 I think I saw it somewhere 可以清楚地知道。请比较下面一题:

  “Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _____ black one? I found it in the corner.”

  A. a, the B. the, the

  C. a, a D. the, a

  此题的最佳答案是 A不是C。请注意其后 I found it in the corner这一信息,它表明说明者是拿着笔在与对方说话。请再看一个类似的例子:

  “Have you seen _______ new bike? I put it here just now.” “Is it _______ white one? A boy has ridden it away.”

  A. a; a B. a; the

  C. the; the D. the; a

  此题答案选A,注意其后的 A boy has ridden it away 表明自行车已不在说话者身旁。

  6. My friend Mary is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl everyone likes to work with.

  A. a, a B. a, the

  C. the, a D. the, the

  【陷阱】很容易误选B,认为第一次提到 girl 用不定冠词,第二次提到就应该用定冠词。

  【分析】最佳答案为A。句中第二次提到 girl 时并不是特指的,此句实为一省略句,补充完整为 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 请再做以下试题(答案选A):

  (1) Jim is _______ brave boy and _______ boy never fearing anything.

  A. a, a B. a, the

  C. the, a D. the, the

  (2) It is really _______ useful dictionary and _______ dictionary every one of us needs.

  A. a, a B. a, the

  C. the, a D. the, the

  ◆精编陷阱题训练◆

  1. Since tasting the excitement of _____ big city life, she never wants to live in _____ country again.

  A. the, the B. 不填,不填

  C. the, 不填 D. 不填,the

  2. The operation is _____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger.

  A. a, the B. a, 不填

  C. 不填, the D. 不填,不填

  3. As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure.

  A. a, a B. a, the

  C. 不填,不填 D. a, 不填

  4. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _____.

  A. on the Sunday B. on a Sunday

  C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday

  5. This is _____ best kind of _____ pen you can get here.

  A. the, the B. the, a

  C. the, 不填 D. a, the

  6. As is known to us all, _____ tiger is in _____ danger of becoming extinct.

  A. the, a B. the, 不填

  C. a, 不填 D. 不填, the

  7. He spent too much time talking on ______ phone while we were all busy at _____ work.

  A. the, 不填 B. a, 不填

  C. 不填, 不填 D. the, the

  8. As _______ unemployment is very high at the moment, it’s very difficult for people to find _______ work.

  A. the, 不填 B.不填,不填

  C. the, a D. an, the

  9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _______ bedroom apartment.

  A. one a B. the one C. one D. a one

  10. The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.

  A. 不填, 不填 B. the, a

  C. 不填, the D. the, 不填

  11. I often have conversations with John over ______ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by ______ letter.

  A. 不填;the B. 不填;a

  C. the;不填 D. the; a

  12. —John has put forward _______ most challenging question for us to answer.

  —Yes, it really is. I have never heard _______ harder one.

  A. the; 不填 B. 不填; the

  C. the; the D. a; a

  13. “What about ______ school?” “It is as good, as anybody can see, _____ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.”

  A. a; the B. the; a

  C. a; a D. the; the

  14. The market for ______ used computers is getting larger and larger as______ years go on.

  A. 不填, 不填 B. the, 不填

  C. the, the D. 不填, the

  15. “Charley Oakley, ______ NBA All-star, hasn’t missed ______ game in the past three years.” “I can hardly believe it.”

  A. an; the B. a; the

  C. the; a D. an; a

  16. In the market, vegetables are sold by _______ kilogram, I mean, by _______ weight.

  A. the; 不填 B.不填; 不填

  C. the; the D.不填;the

  17. Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today.

  A. the, an B. a, 不填

  C. the, the D. 不填, the

  18. The cakes are delicious. I’d like to have _______ third one as _______ second one I ate was too small.

  A. the, the B. a, the

  C. the, a D. a, a

  19. ________ England of those years was _______ England in peace.

  A. 不填, 不填 B. The, an

  C. The, 不填 D. 不填, an

  20. — Did you happen to see _______ black and _______ white cat?

  — Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.

  A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填

  C. the; the D. a; the

  【答案与解析】

  1. 选D,big city life 表泛指,其前不用冠词;country 表示“农村”时,其前习惯上要用定冠词。

  2. 选B,success 在此指“成功的事”,为可数名词;out of danger(脱离危险)为习语,其中不用冠词。

  3. 选A,其中的 failure 在此指“失败的人”,为可数名词。

  4. 选B,Sunday 前用不定冠词,表示“某一个”。

  5. 选C,kind of 后的名词通常不用冠词。

  6. 选B,当概括事物的种类时,用定冠词,不用不定冠词;另外in danger of 是短语,不用冠词。

  7. 选 A。on the phone 和 at work 均为习语,其中一个带冠词,一个不带冠词。

  8. 选 B。unemployment 和 work 均为不可数名词,表示一般意义时其前不用冠词。

  9. 选 D。a one bedroom apartment 意为“一套只带一间卧室的套房”。

  10. 选B。the young 意为“年轻人”,定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物;第二空填不定冠词修饰名词 topic。

  11. 选 A。over [on] the telephone 为习语,意为“通过电话”;若用 by telephone 则不用冠词,类似地,by letter(通过信件)也不用冠词。

  12. 选D。第一空后的most不是构成最高级,而是表示“很”、“十分”,故其前用a;第二空也填a,该句为 I have never heard a harder one than this one 的省略。

  13. 选B。第一空填the,表特指;第二空填a,表泛指,as good a school as No. Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University 意为“与湖南师大附中一样好的一所中学”。

  14. 选A。used computers 与 years 均为复数名词表示泛指意思,其前不用冠词。

  15. 选D。NBA中的 N 读音为 [],即前面一个音为元音,故填an不填a;第二空填a表泛指,泛指任何一场比赛。

  16. 选A。介词by表示“以…计”时,若后接单数可数名词,其前要用定冠词,如:by the week 按周,按星期 / by the ton 按吨 / by the yard 按码 / by the meter 按米;若后接抽象名词,则通常不用冠词,如:by volume 按体积 / by weight 按重量。

  17. 选B。knowledge 虽为不可数名词,但其前却可用不定冠词,表示某种程度的知识,有类似some的意思;第二空不填冠词,是因为trade 为不可数名词,表示泛指时不用冠词。

  18. 选B。序数词前通常用定冠词,表示特指(如第一空);有时也用不定冠词,表示原有数量上的增加(如第一空)。

  19. 选B。原则上说,专有名词前不用冠词,但在些特殊情况下也可用冠词。此题第一空填定冠词,表特指,即指“那时的英国”;第二空填不定冠词,表示具有某种特征。

  20. 选C。Are they missing? 中的代词they 是一个很重要的信息词,它表明上文中的 _______ black and _______ white cat 是两只猫而不是一只猫,所以C。the black and white cat 可视为 the black cat and the white cat 之省略。若选A,则表示“一只黑白相间的猫”。

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