师说系列2017届高考英语一轮复习讲义：3.1Festivals around the world（人教版）

　　THANKS Unit 1　Festivals around the world 教 材 面 面 观

　　单词拓展

　　1.______n．美人；美　______adj.美丽的　______adv.美丽地　________vt.美化

　　2．________n．庆祝　________vt.庆祝

　　3．________n．起源　________adj.原先的　________vi.起源于

　　4．________n．信任　________vt.相信

　　5．________n．到达　________vi.到达

　　6．________n．允许　________vt.允许　________adj.可允许的

　　7．_______n．悲伤　_______adj.悲伤的　_______adv.伤心地

　　8．________vt.羡慕　________adj.赞赏的

　　________n．羡慕

　　9．________vi.道歉　________n．歉意

　　10．________vi.淹没

　　11．________vt.原谅　________n．宽恕；原谅

　　12．________adj.宗教的　________n．宗教

　　13．________adj.充满活力的　________n．能量

　　14．________adj.世界性的

　　15．________adj.明显的　________adv.明显地

　　短语回顾1.________place　发生

　　2．________memory of

　　纪念；追念

　　3．dress________

　　盛装；打扮；装饰

　　4．________a trick on

　　搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑

　　5．________forward to

　　期望；期待；盼望

　　6．day________night

　　日夜；昼夜；整天

　　7．________though

　　好像

　　8．have________with

　　玩得开心

　　9．________lot

　　停车场

　　10．turn________

　　出现；到场

　　11．keep one's________

　　守信用；履行诺言

　　12．set________

　　出发；动身；使爆炸

　　13．________...of...

　　使……想起……

　　14．be proud ________

　　为……而自豪

　　15．fall ________ love with

　　与……相爱

　　句型背诵1.The country，covered with cherry tree flowers，looks________ ________it is covered with pink snow.

　　(节日里)整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。

　　2．________was obvious________the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave...

　　显而易见，咖啡店的经理正在等待李方离开……

　　3．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.

　　她在人间时，她遇到了牧童牛郎，随后他们相爱了。

　　4．As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.

　　回家的路上，当他伤心地路过拐角处的茶馆时，他听到有人叫他。

　　5．As Li Fang set off for home，he thought，“...I'll just throw these flowers and chocolates away...”．________he________.

　　当李方离开回家的时候，他想，“……我要扔掉这些鲜花和巧克力……”于是，他真的扔掉了。

　　自我诊断

　　单词拓展

　　1．beauty；beautiful；beautifully；beautify　2.celebration；celebrate　3.origin；original；originate　4.belief；believe　5.arrival；arrive　6.permission；permit；permissible　7.sadness；sad；sadly　8.admire；admirable；admirer　9.apologize；apology　10.drown　11.forgive；forgiveness　12.religious；religion　13.energetic；energy　14.worldwide　15.obvious；obviously

　　短语回顾

　　1．take　2.in　3.up　4.play　5.look　6.and　7.as　8.fun

　　9．parking　10.up　11.word　12.off　13.remind　14.of

　　15．in

　　句型背诵

　　1．as though　2.It；that　3.While she was on earth　4.heard a voice calling him　5.So；did

　　考 点 串 串 讲

　　重点单词

　　1.celebrate vt. & vi.庆祝；祝贺；颂扬

　　①Why don't we open a bottle of champagne to celebrate?

　　我们为何不开瓶香槟酒庆祝一下呢？

　　②It is your birthday tomorrow, so we must celebrate it.

　　明天是你的生日，我们必须庆祝一下。

　　③The names of many heroes are celebrated by poets.

　　许多英雄的名字为诗人所赞颂。

　　●易混辨析

　　celebrate与congratulate

　　(1)celebrate意为“庆祝”，其宾语只能是生日、节日等表示事件的名词，不能是人，名词为celebration，可构成短语in celebration of...意为“为了庆祝……”；

　　(2)congratulate意为“祝贺；道贺”，其宾语常常是接受祝贺的人，可用congratulate sb. on doing sth.结构，意为“因某事向某人祝贺”。名词为congratulation，常用复数形式，可构成congratulations to sb. on sth.形式。

　　①The students in our school held a singing competition in celebration of National Day.

　　我们学校的学生举行了一场歌咏比赛来庆祝国庆节。

　　②We all congratulated Li Ming on his having passed the college entrance examination.

　　我们都祝贺李明通过了高考。

　　③I offered my friend my congratulations on his success.

　　我向朋友祝贺成功。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　①The two sportsmen congratulated each other ________ winning the match by shaking hands.

　　A．with　B．on

　　C．in

　　D．to

　　②All the teachers and students have got everything ready to ________ the 50th anniversary of our school.

　　A．congratulate

　　B．celebrate

　　C．inspect

　　D．respect

　　2．admire vi. 惊讶，惊异　vt.欣赏，羡慕，钦佩，夸奖

　　●用法拓展

　　admire sb. for sth.因某事而钦佩某人

　　admire to do sth.想做某事

　　①His friends admired at his sudden success.

　　他朋友对他的突然成功感到惊讶。

　　②Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humor.

　　人人都钦佩他那绝妙的幽默感。

　　●用法拓展

　　admiration n．羡慕，钦佩

　　admirer n．赞赏者；羡慕者

　　admiring adj.赞赏的，羡慕的

　　①I am not a great admirer of her work.

　　我对她的工作不太欣赏。

　　②When he entered the hall, people gave him admiring glances.

　　当他进入大厅时，人们投以赞赏的目光。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　—What was she doing when you visited her?

　　—She was ________ herself in the mirror.

　　A．enjoying　B．admiring

　　C．devoting

　　D．seeing

　　3．apologize vi. 道歉，辩白

　　●用法拓展

　　apologize to sb. for sth.因某事而向某人道歉

　　apologize to sb. for doing sth.因做某事而向某人道歉

　　①You should apologize to your teacher for coming late.

　　你应该为你的迟到向你的老师道歉。

　　②I do apologize for giving you so much trouble while I am here.

　　我在这期间给您添麻烦真是对不起。

　　●用法拓展

　　apology n．道歉

　　make an apology to sb. for sth.因某事而向某人道歉

　　He made an apology for breaking the glass.

　　他因打破玻璃而道歉。即境活用单项填空

　　The wrong you have done him is terrible, ________， in my opinion, you should apologize to him.

　　A．whichB．that

　　C．what

　　D．for which

　　4．award n．奖；奖品；奖金；奖给的东西　vt.授予；判定；给予

　　●用法拓展

　　award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb.奖给某人某物

　　①She showed us the athletics awards she had won.

　　她给我们看她赢得的体育运动奖。

　　②She was awarded a medal for bravery.

　　她因勇敢而获得奖章。

　　●易混辨析

　　award, prize与reward

　　award指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少，多指奖状或其他表彰物。

　　prize指赢得比赛所获得的奖金或有价值的东西。

　　reward指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、报酬。

　　①He won the award for the best student of the year.

　　他获本年度优秀学生奖。

　　②A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.

　　奖品奖给了那个获得中奖号码的人。

　　③He received a medal as a reward for his courage.

　　他得到了一枚奖章，作为对他勇敢的奖赏。即境活用单项填空

　　①Three university departments have been ____________ $600 000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.

　　A．promoted　B．included

　　C．secured

　　D．awarded

　　②It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ________.

　　A．rewards

　　B．prizes

　　C．awards

　　D．results

　　5．dress vt. & vi.给……穿衣；穿衣，穿着；打扮；n.[C]连衣裙；(上下连身的)女装；[U]衣服(男女均可)；(尤指)外衣

　　●用法拓展

　　be/get dressed in＋衣服或者表颜色的词

　　dress up盛装；打扮；装饰

　　dress sb./oneself给……穿衣

　　dress well/badly/fashionable穿得好/不好/时髦

　　dress＋表示目的、场合的介词短语

　　①Hurry up and get dressed.

　　快点穿衣服。

　　②They are dressed in beautiful costumes, skipping back and forth to the rhythm of loud drums.

　　他们身着漂亮的服装，和着鼓点扭来扭去。

　　③They were dressed up in Victorian clothes.

　　他们化妆成维多利亚时代的人。

　　④Is she old enough to dress herself yet?

　　她会自己穿衣服了吗？

　　⑤She dresses well.她穿得很好。

　　⑥Do I need to dress for the theatre?

　　我去剧院需要穿晚礼服吗？

　　●易混辨析

　　dress, put on, wear与have on

　　dress表示“给……穿衣服”，其宾语是人，而不是衣服。

　　put on表示“穿(戴)”的动作，其宾语是衣服，而不是人。

　　wear表示“穿(戴)”的状态，其宾语是衣服，而不是人。

　　have on表示“穿(戴)”的状态，但不能用于进行时态，其宾语是衣服，而不是人。

　　①Why on earth did you put on the outfit?

　　你到底为什么要穿上这套服装？

　　②Villagers still wear the traditional costumes on Sunday.

　　村民在星期日仍然穿传统服装。

　　③She has a red jacket on today.

　　她今天穿着一件红色上衣。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　①When the little child caught sight of the young woman ________ in white he started crying immediately.

　　A．dressed　B．wearing

　　C．worn

　　D．putting on

　　②Sports is necessary, and we have to go for a five­kilometer run, ________ just a T­shirt and a pair of shorts even on ________ cold December days.

　　A．having on; frozen

　　B．dressing; freezing

　　C．putting on; frozen

　　D．wearing; freezing

　　6．especially adv.特别，尤其

　　The car is quite small, especially if you have children.

　　这辆汽车很小，如果有了孩子就尤其显得小。

　　●易混辨析

　　specially与especially

　　specially专门地，特别地，多指为一特别目的而做。

　　especially特别是，尤其，指与其他同类相比，某人、某物、某情况达到异常的程度。

　　①I suppose I was a bit lazy and now I wish I'd done more work, especially in maths.

　　我想我当时有点懒，我现在希望当时多用点功，特别是在数学上。

　　②I made this specially for your birthday.

　　这是我特意为你的生日而做的。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　In several parts of the city, cars are not permitted, ________ in the main shopping areas.

　　A．actually B．especially

　　C．practically

　　D．averagely

　　7．custom n．习俗；风俗

　　Social customs vary greatly from country to country.

　　国与国之间的社会习俗有很大差异。

　　The celebration of Christmas is a custom.

　　庆祝圣诞节是一种风俗。

　　This old custom has recently been revived(使复兴)in some parts of the country.

　　最近，这种旧的习俗在这个国家的一些地方重新恢复了。

　　●用法拓展

　　have sb.'s custom受某人照顾

　　Once is no custom.[谚]一次不能成例。

　　give one's custom to经常光顾，成为……的常客

　　customs of war战争惯例

　　●易混辨析

　　custom，practice与habit

　　custom指一个社会或团体许多人长期的习惯，即风俗、习俗，也可指个人的习惯，此时相当于habit。

　　practice指“惯例；习俗；做法”时，既可以指许多人，也可以指一个人长期做的某件事。如：

　　He makes a practice of taking a bath in the morning.

　　他习惯在清晨洗澡。

　　habit只指一个人的习惯、习性。如：

　　I smoke out of habit not for pleasure.

　　我吸烟是出于习惯，而不是为了乐趣。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　①Foreigners should follow the________in a foreign country they are visiting.

　　A．habits B．customs

　　C．traditions

　　D．practice

　　②It is the________ to hug your guests when you meet them.

　　A．habit

　　B．performance

　　C．custom

　　D．trick

　　8．gather vt.采集；收割；收获

　　Who is the little girl gathering flowers on the river bank?

　　在河边摘花的那个小女孩是谁？

　　It was autumn and the farmers were busy gathering crops.

　　时值秋季，农民们在忙着收庄稼。

　　●用法拓展

　　gather vi.&vt.集合；使聚集

　　gather around...聚集在……周围

　　These children are gathering around the teacher，listening to stories.

　　学生们聚集在老师的周围听故事。

　　The teacher gathered all the students on the playground.

　　老师让学生聚集在操场上。

　　A crowd gathered to see what had happened.

　　一群人聚拢起来看发生了什么事。

　　●易混辨析

　　gather与collect

　　gather表示把分散的东西集中在一起，不仅可用来指人和物，还可用于抽象的东西，如力量、印象等；

　　collect更强调计划性与选择性，表示精心地、有选择地收集。

　　I like collecting stamps very much，and I have collected many foreign stamps.

　　我喜欢集邮，我已收集了许多外国邮票。

　　He travels about the world gathering little­known plants.

　　他走遍世界，收集鲜为人知的植物。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　①In order to find a cure to the disease，he travels about the world________facts about little­known diseases.

　　A．gathering

　　B．searching

　　C．collecting

　　D．receiving

　　②—How many ancient coins have you________？

　　—About 5,000 in all.

　　A．gathered

　　B．elected

　　C．collected

　　D．printed

　　9．starve vi.&vt.(使)挨饿；(使)饿死；渴望(常与for连用)

　　●用法拓展

　　starve for sth.渴望得到某物

　　starve sb. of sth.使某人得不到某物而受苦或渴望获得某物

　　be starved of sth.渴望得到某物

　　die of starvation饿死

　　starve to death饿死

　　be starving非常饥饿

　　即境活用介词填空

　　①Millions of people starved________death during the war.

　　②The lonely child is starving________companionship.

　　③The children had been starved________love for years.

　　④The poor beggar died________starvation.

　　重点短语

　　1.as though好像；似乎

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)as though/if引导方式状语从句，从句中动词常用虚拟语气。

　　(2)当as though/if从句主语与主句主语一致，从句谓语又包含be动词时，主语和be可以省略。

　　(3)“as though/if＋不定式短语”在句中常用作状语。

　　(4)as though/if从句可在句中作表语。

　　(5)It seems/looks as if/though...看样子似乎是……

　　①He smiled as though he had known the answer.

　　他笑了，好像他已知道了答案。

　　②As though unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked round.

　　她仿佛茫然不知身在何处，犹犹豫豫向四周打量。

　　③Some flowers shut up at night as though(they did this in order) to sleep.

　　有些花在夜间收拢，好像它们要睡觉一样。

　　④It looked as though he was ill.

　　他看上去像病了。

　　●用法拓展

　　even if＝even though即使；纵然；虽然

　　Even if you see him pick up the money, you can't be sure he stole it.

　　就算你看见是他拾起的钱，你也不能肯定这钱是他偷的。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　①Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_______ yesterday.

　　A．was happeningB．happens

　　C．has happened

　　D．happened

　　②She is determined to get a seat for the concert given by the“Super Girls”_______ it means spending all her pocket money.

　　A．as though

　　B．however

　　C．even when

　　D．even though

　　2．have fun (with sb.)玩得开心

　　We had lots of fun at the fair today.

　　我们今天在游乐场上玩得很高兴。

　　●用法拓展

　　for fun为了高兴，为了好玩

　　in fun开玩笑地，取乐

　　make fun of＝laugh at取笑，开……的玩笑

　　①I'm learning to cook, just for fun.

　　我正在学做饭，做着玩而已。

　　②It's cruel to make fun of people who stammer.

　　嘲笑口吃的人未免不近人情。

　　●特别提醒

　　have fun的同义短语是enjoy oneself。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　Daddy didn't mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, having ________.

　　A．a fun　B．the fun

　　C．funny

　　D．fun

　　3．hold one's breath 屏息

　　The audience held their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope.

　　杂技演员走钢丝时，观众们都屏住了呼吸。

　　●用法拓展

　　get one's breath (again/back)恢复正常呼吸

　　lose one's breath气喘吁吁，上气不接下气

　　out of/short of breath呼吸急促；喘不过气来；上气不接下气

　　take sb's breath away使某人吃惊或惊奇

　　After climbing that long flight of stairs she was completely out of breath.

　　爬完这么长的一段楼梯后，她已完全喘不过气来了。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　His heart condition makes him ________ breath.

　　A．short of　B．full of

　　C．short in

　　D．filled with

　　答案：①B　②B　

　　答案：B　

　　答案：D　

　　答案：①D　②A　

　　答案：①A　②D　

　　答案：B　

　　答案：①B　②C　

　　答案：①A　②C　

　　答案：①to　②for　③of　④of

　　答案：①D　②D　

　　答案：D　

　　4．in memory of为纪念……

　　He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.

　　他兴办那项慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。

　　●用法拓展

　　in case of 万一

　　in charge of 负责

　　in celebration of 庆祝

　　in favor of 赞成

　　in honor of 纪念

　　in hope of 希望

　　in need of 需要

　　in praise of 赞扬

　　in possession of 拥有

　　in support of 支持

　　in search of 寻找

　　in terms of 根据，按照；用……的话；在……方面

　　①We are all in favor of the reform.

　　我们都支持这项改革。

　　②The third Sunday in June is observed in the United States in honor of fathers.

　　父亲节是在六月的第三个星期天，美国用来纪念父亲。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　Martin Karplus of Harvard University touched on the issue at a conference ________ people in 1990.

　　A．in terms of　 B．in memory of

　　C．in charge of

　　D．in search of

　　5．keep one's word守信用，履行诺言

　　I promised to buy my son a bike. I must keep my word.

　　我答应给儿子买一辆自行车，我必须信守诺言。

　　●用法拓展

　　in other words 换句话说

　　in words 用语言

　　in a word 总之

　　keep one's word 守信

　　break one's word 失信，食言

　　eat one's words 收回前言，承认说错

　　have a word with sb. 和某人说句话

　　have words with sb. 同某人吵架

　　word for word 一字不差地，逐字逐句地

　　Word came that... 有消息传来……

　　Words fail... 说不出话来……

　　①Do not break your word if you want to help.

　　如果你想帮忙，就不可言而无信。

　　②He came back to have a word with me.

　　他回来跟我说两句话。

　　③Word came that I was needed at home.

　　有信儿来说家里需要我。

　　●特别提醒

　　keep one's word短语中的word不能用复数形式。

　　即境活用

　　单项填空

　　We Chinese people always ________ our ________.

　　A．have; word　 B．keep; word

　　C．have; words

　　D．keep; words

　　6．look forward to盼望；期望

　　We will be at the 10 Baker Street at six sharp，and look forward to seeing you.

　　我们将于六点准时到达贝克大街10号，到时再会。

　　They are looking forward to her visit.

　　他们在期待着她的来访。

　　●用法拓展

　　动词＋介词to构成的短语：

　　lead to通往，导致　pay attention to注意

　　stick to坚持　get down to开始认真于

　　belong to属于　refer to谈到，涉及，参阅

　　即境活用单项填空

　　①During these days I am looking forward to________my mother，for I miss her very much.

　　A．hear

　　B．hearing

　　C．hear from

　　D．hearing from

　　②The letter he had been looking forward________this morning.

　　A．to arriving

　　B．to arrived

　　C．to received

　　D．to receiving

　　7．turn up出现；到场；找到；折起

　　If she doesn't turn up before 8，we will go without her.

　　如果她八点前不来，我们就自己去了。

　　We invited her to dinner but she didn't even bother to turn up.

　　我们请她吃饭她都不露面。

　　●用法拓展

　　turn up除了表示“到场”外，还有“开大一点；找到；朝上翻”等意思。

　　I can't hear the music.Please turn the radio up.

　　我听不到音乐，请把收音机开大点。

　　I'm sure your watch will turn up one of these days.

　　我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。

　　He turned up his coat collar against the chill wind.

　　他竖起了大衣的领子来抵御寒风。

　　●温馨提示

　　turn是非常活跃的动词之一，可与介词或副词构成很多短语，常见的有：

　　turn against背叛turn out证明是，生产，结果是

　　turn in上交

　　turn to转向，求助于

　　turn off关上

　　turn down拒绝，关小

　　turn on打开

　　turn round转过身

　　turn into变成

　　turn over翻阅；翻过来

　　He would rather die than turn against his motherland.

　　他宁愿死也不背叛祖国。

　　They were very disappointed to find their suggestions turned down at the meeting.

　　他们非常失望地发现他们的建议在会上被拒绝了。

　　If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans.

　　万一下雨的话，我们要改变计划。

　　After she finished her homework，she turned on the computer.

　　做完作业后她打开了电脑。

　　The teacher turned around and looked at me seriously.

　　老师转过身，严肃地看着我。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　①We have waited for her for half an hour，but she hasn't_____.

　　A．turn down

　　B．turn in

　　C．turn up

　　D．turn on

　　②—What did they think of your plan?

　　—Not practical.It was________at the meeting.

　　A．turned out

　　B．turned down

　　C．turned around

　　D．turned back

　　8．take place发生，进行

　　●用法拓展

　　take the place of取代，代替

　　take sb.'s place坐某人的座位；代替某人的位置

　　give place to sb./sth.让位于；被……代替

　　答案：A　

　　答案：B　

　　答案：B　

　　答案：①D　②B　

　　答案：①C　②B　

　　●易混辨析

　　take place，happen，occur，break out与go on

　　take place发生，举行。通常用于已计划、安排或人们积极参与的事情。

　　Great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years.

　　在过去的二十年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。

　　happen发生，碰巧。强调偶然性。

　　Accidents like this happen all the time.

　　此类事故经常发生。

　　occur发生，比happen更正式，有“存在于，出现在”之意，occur to sb.(主意或想法)被想到，出现在头脑中；It occurs to sb. that...某人想起……。

　　It didn't occur to her to ask for help.

　　她没有想到请人帮忙。

　　break out爆发，突然发生。指战争、灾害、疾病等突然发生。

　　A fire broke out during the night.

　　夜间突然发生火灾。

　　go on发生。普通用语，相当于take place或happen。

　　Things are going on much as usual.

　　一切如常。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　They decided that the meeting should________on Monday.

　　A．hold

　　B．happen

　　C．be taken place

　　D．take place

　　重点句式1.Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm.

　　有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或者使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上(给人们)提供帮助，也有可能带来灾害。

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)honour the dead中，honour作动词，意思是“纪念”；the dead是the＋adj.这一结构，表示一类人或一类事物，the rich富人，the poor穷人。用做主语时，如果指一类人则谓语动词用复数形式，如果指一类事物则谓语动词用单数形式。如：

　　The young are the future of our country.

　　年轻人是我们国家的未来。

　　(2)either...or...“或者……或者……”，用于连接两个或多个并列成分或分句。连接并列主语时，主谓一致通常根据就近原则。如：

　　Either you or I am going to hand in the report.

　　要么是你要么是我去交这份报告。

　　(3)do harm“有害处”，后面加介词to表示“对……有害”。也可以do sb./sth. harm，如：

　　The bad weather does harm to the crops.

　　这样恶劣的天气对庄稼不利。

　　即境活用翻译句子

　　①我将在这星期或下星期出差。

　　②这种化学物质会对环境有害吗？

　　③你的所作所为是弊大于利。

　　2．However big the fool, there is always a bigger fool to admire him.

　　不论一个人有多蠢，总有一个更蠢的人会羡慕他。

　　●用法拓展

　　however big the fool(is)是however引导的让步状语从句，相当于no matter how, however是副词，意思是“不管……如何”，此时however后接形容词或副词的原级。如：

　　However hot it is, he will not take off his coat.

　　无论多热，他也不会脱掉外衣。

　　however也可以作连词用，意思是“但是，可是，不过”，一般插在句子中间，有时也放在句首或句尾。如：

　　She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.

　　她病了。然而她照旧去上班，并且尽力集中精力工作。

　　I feel a bit tired. However, I can hold on.

　　我有点累了，但我能坚持下去。即境活用翻译句子

　　①不管问题有多复杂，他们都下定决心解决。

　　②他最初不同意。可是后来他改变了主意。

　　3．At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the cold winter months.

　　那时如果难以找到食物，人们就会挨饿，特别是在寒冷的冬季。

　　be difficult to find很难找到。该句使用的是“sb./sth. is＋adj.＋to do”结构，在该句型中不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。如后面的动词是不及物动词，则要加上适当的介词或副词。

　　Some people think that English is difficult to learn.

　　有些人认为英语很难学。

　　This maths problem is very difficult to work out.

　　这道数学题很难算出来。

　　●温馨提示

　　英语中，像easy，hard，difficult，fit，heavy，light，nice，unfit，good，sweet，interesting等形容词在句中作表语或补语时，后面的动词不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。

　　His telephone number is very easy to remember.

　　他的电话号码很容易记。

　　The water in the town is not fit to drink because of the flood.

　　由于洪水泛滥，这个城镇里的水已不适合饮用。

　　The box over there is very heavy to carry.

　　那边的那个箱子搬起来很重。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　①I like getting up very early summer.The morning air is so good________.

　　A．to be breathed

　　B．to breathe

　　C．breathing

　　D．being breathed

　　②The story which Tom Brown told us last night is very interesting________.

　　A．to listen

　　B．listening

　　C．to listen to

　　D．listening to

　　4．While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.

　　她在人间时，她遇到了牧童牛郎，随后他们相爱了。

　　●用法拓展

　　while conj.当……时候，指一段时间，不能用来表示一个时间点，因此句子中的谓语应是延续性动词。

　　She promised to take care of my children while I was away.

　　他答应我不在时会照顾我的孩子的。

　　Mother listened closely while I read the letter.

　　我读信时，妈妈听得很仔细。

　　While the discussion was still going on，George came in.

　　当讨论还在进行时，乔治走了进来。

　　●用法拓展

　　while还可表示对比或转折，意为“而；然而”，也可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”。

　　There're plenty of rain in the southeast，while there's little in the northeast.

　　东南部雨量充足，而东北部则很少下雨。

　　While I admit his good points，I can see his shortcomings.

　　尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是能看到他的缺点。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　①I was doing my homework________my brother was playing piano in his room.

　　A．since

　　B．while

　　C．unless

　　D．until

　　②—Will you buy the hat?

　　—No.________I like the color of the hat，I do not like its shape.

　　A．When

　　B．Since

　　C．As

　　D．While

　　5．It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave...

　　显而易见，咖啡馆的经理正在等待李方离开……

　　●用法拓展

　　句子中的it作形式主语，其后的that从句才是真正的主语。it作形式主语，没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子末尾，使句子显得匀称。

　　●用法拓展

　　it句式归纳：

　　It's a pity(a shame，a fact，a wonder...)that...

　　It is strange(obvious，true，good，possible，likely，clear...)that...

　　It seemed(happened，turned out，occurred to me...)that...

　　It is said(reported，expected...)that...

　　即境活用单项填空

　　①Does________matter whether he can finish the job on time?

　　A．this

　　B．that

　　C．he

　　D．it

　　②________used to be thought that the earth was square.

　　A．He

　　B．What

　　C．It

　　D．That

　　知 能 层 层 练

　　一、单项填空

　　1．Tom ________ friendship and experience from the local residents, working with them for 3 years.

　　A．beatB．won

　　C．gained

　　D．made

　　2．Her mother is very happy because she has won the first ________ in the national English competition.

　　A．scholarship

　　B．reward

　　C．award

　　D．medal

　　答案：D　take place发生，举行，通常用于已计划、安排或人们积极参与的事情。happen用于突然发生。根据句意可知D项正确。

　　答案：①Will go on business either this week or next week.

　　②Will this kind of chemicals do harm to the environment?

　　③What you have done does more harm than good.

　　答案：①However complex the problem is, they were determined to solve it.

　　②At first, he didn't agree. However, he changed his mind later.

　　答案：①B　good在句中作表语，所以要用动词不定式的主动式表示被动的动作。

　　②C　

　　答案：①B　②D　

　　答案：①D　此题中it作形式主语，代替主语从句whether he can...，其他词无此用法。

　　②C　此题考查“It is＋p.p.＋that...”句型，意为“据……”，It used to be thought意为“曾经被以为……”。

　　答案：C

　　解析：gain常指得到经验、利益、优势、好处等。beat“战胜；打败”；win的宾语常为match, battle等表示竞赛、比赛的名词；make“制造”。

　　3．Mary said she was looking forward as much to his return as he himself to ________ her.

　　A．have seen

　　B．saw

　　C．seeing

　　D．be seen

　　4．To my disappointment, Alice ________ my invitation to the ball because she said that she didn't like to ________ on such an occasion.

　　A．turned down; turn up

　　B．turned off; turn into

　　C．turned back; turn in

　　D．turned out; turn up

　　5．History is about forgiving not forgetting. If some people forget history we should ________ them.

　　A．repeat

　　B．remember

　　C．remind

　　D．record

　　6．John ________ before he got word that the college he chose had accepted him.

　　A．held his breath

　　B．drew a breath

　　C．took a breath

　　D．got his breath again

　　7．Since my childhood, I have been dreaming of ________ on a journey round the world. But till now, the dream doesn't come true.

　　A．putting off

　　B．setting off

　　C．taking off

　　D．going out

　　8．________ is estimated that 25 million school lunches are sold each day.

　　A．It

　　B．That

　　C．This

　　D．As

　　9．—I'd like to invite you to dinner at my flat before I move.

　　—That ________ be nice. Let's fix a date.

　　A．might

　　B．would

　　C．must

　　D．shall

　　10．—Excuse me, mother, but I want to go out for an outing with my classmates this weekend.

　　—________

　　A．Congratulations!

　　B．Good luck!

　　C．My pleasure.

　　D．Have fun.

　　二、根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。(每空一词)

　　1．看见那条蛇时，我们屏住了呼吸。

　　When we saw that snake, we ________ ________ ________.

　　2．其中一位学生装扮成一只兔子，举着一个牌子沿着校园走。

　　One of the students ________ ________ as a rabbit and marched around campus carrying a sign.

　　3．我怎么知道你会守信用呢？

　　How do I know you'll ________ ________ ________？

　　4．我们明天动身去德国。

　　We will ________ ________ ________ ________ tomorrow.

　　5．这些小志愿者们这周末在敬老院跟老人们玩得很开心。

　　These little volunteers ________ ________ ________ the elderly in the nursing home this weekend.

　　三、每空填一词，使上下两句的意思相同或接近

　　1．The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated as a way to remember Qu Yuan.

　　The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated ________ ________ ________ Qu Yuan.

　　2．Obviously, he was waiting for my coming.

　　______ ______ ______ that he was waiting for me to come.

　　3．I made an apology to him because I broke his bicycle.

　　I ________ to him ________ breaking his bicycle.

　　4．They made a tree into a boat.

　　They made a boat ________ ________ a tree.

　　5．May I have your permission to open the door?

　　Would you ________ me ________ open the door?

　　四、根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子

　　1．她看起来好像年轻了十岁。(look as if)

　　2．我们正在日夜为即将来临的考试做准备。(day and night)

　　3．这位著名的导演因为他的杰出贡献而被授奖。(award)

　　4．他耍花招使我相信了他说的话。(play a trick on)

　　5．我们盼望能参加下星期举行的艺术节开幕式。(look forward to)

　　五、阅读下面短文，按照上下文连贯的要求，选用方框内合适的词或短语并用其适当形式填空。

　　Different festivals have different 1.________ and ways of 2.________. On Christmas, some people go to church to give their thanks of God and some people act as Santa Clause to fill up children's stockings with 3.________. Christmas tree are 4.________ with bright lights and Christmas songs fill everyone's heart. Many African Americans celebrate Kwanza by 5.________ a candle each day. On April Fools' Day, most people try to 6.________ others and also avoid 7.________ by others. On Mother's Day, children do different kinds of things to show their 8.________ and honor to their mothers. On July 4th, many Americans set off fireworks and watch the parade to celebrate the 9.________ of their nation. At Thanksgiving, turkey, vegetables and pies are 10.________ as the main food in many families.

　　答案：1.themes　2.celebration　3.gifts　4.decorated　5.lighting　6.play a trick on　7.being taken in　8.respect　9.independence　10.served

　　写 作 点 点 金

　　写作专题指导五　书信

　　技巧点拨应用文用得最多的是书信。书信大致可分为两类：公务信件和私人信件。公务信件的文体、语言和格式都比较正式，而私人信件则属于非正式信件。英语书信一般由信头、信内地址、称呼、信的正文、结束语(谦称)和签名六大部分组成。

　　英语信件的写作要求是：

　　(1)准确：遣词造句得体，意思要表达准确。

　　(2)简洁：文字要简单明了，直接说明意图，讲清主要事实，提出具体要求即可。

　　(3)礼貌：根据写信的对象和目的，掌握好分寸，要注意态度诚恳，使用礼貌用语。

　　(4)规范：要按照英语书信格式来写。书信格式如下：

　　信封：

　　发信人姓名、地址

　　收信人姓名、地址

　　信内：

　　(信头)

　　收信人地址(信内地址)

　　Dear Sir，(称呼)

　　Thank you for your letter of November 30………………(正文)…………………………………………

　　All the best.(结束语)

　　(谦称)Yours sincerely，

　　(签名)Xiao Hong

　　以下主要介绍信中的五个部分。

　　(1)信头(Heading)

　　信头包括两项：写信人的地址和写信日期(通常用在信纸的右上角