方法指导(五) 理清逻辑法 在完形填空题中,理清逻辑是指考生在解题时利用文章中现有的或重要的信息,对四个答案选项进行逻辑排序,结合语境条件,通过充分的逻辑思维或想象而得出正确答案的逻辑过程。考生采用理清逻辑法不但能深挖文章内涵,而且还能破解文章的寓意或隐含意义,既能理解文章的表层意义,又能剖析文章的深层含义,从而促使考生达到对全文的彻底理解,同时又为考生快速准确地选出正确答案提供了先决条件。 理清逻辑法要求考生认真阅读语篇,把握核心,掌握层次,领悟寓意,找出与语境切合的标志性单词、短语、句子或提示性信息,再通过已获得的关键性信息,大胆地进行分析、预测和推断,从而轻松而顺利地完成对正确答案的选择。
推理题——在完形填空题中,推理题是考生在解题时,用自己所具备的信息分析筛选、推断预测而展示逻辑思维能力的实践运用题。推理是考生在吃透语篇、语意的基础上对每一个空白处的考查要点作出合理的定位,并结合语境要求对选项再次进行判断的逻辑程序。 (2010·辽宁卷) When I first entered university,my aunt,who is an English professor,gave me a new English dictionary.I was__36__to see that it was an EnglishEnglish dictionary,also known as a monolingual dictionary.__37__it was a dictionary intended for nonnative learners,none of my classmates had one__38__,to be honest,I found it extremely__39__to use at first.I would look up words in the dictionary and__40__not fully understand the meanings.I was used to the__41__bilingual dictionaries,in which the words are __42__both in English and Chinese.I really wondered why my aunt__43__to make things so difficult for me.Now,after studying English at university for three years,I__44__that monolingual dictionaries are__45__in learning a foreign language. As I found out,there is,__46__,often no perfect equivalence (对应) between two__47__in two languages.My aunt even goes so far as to__48__that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the__49__meaning of a word in English!__50__,she insisted that I read the definition (定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary__51__I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.__52__,I have come to see what she meant. Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way.This dictionary uses a(n)__53__number of words,around 2,000,in its definitions.When I read these definitions,I am__54__exposed to (接触) the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.__55__this,I can express myself more easily in English.
[语篇解读] 作者用在大学学习时的亲身经历讲述了英英词典对于英语学习者来说,更能掌握英语词汇的确切含义,而且使用时间长了还可以熟练应用常见词汇。 36.A.worried
B.sad C.surprised
D.nervous 解析: 根据第一段第五句可知,我习惯用双语词典,所以看到当英语教授的姑姑送我英英词典以后,应该感到非常惊讶,所以选surprised。 答案: C 37.A.BecauseB.Although C.Unless
D.If 解析: 根据上下文,前一句说英英词典是针对非母语学习者的,后面一句说我的同学无人使用,我也发觉使用起来很难等情况看,前后两句是转折关系,所以句首选Although(尽管)。 答案: B 38.A.but B.so C.or D.and 解析: 整个第三句是复合句,主句中有插入语to be honest,后面还是一个并列分句,所以选and。 答案: D 39.A.difficultB.interesting C.ambiguous D.practical 解析: 根据第四句“我当时常常查完了词典,还是不完全明白其意”,可知词典使用起来很难。difficult困难的;interesting有趣的;ambiguous有歧义的;practical实际的。 答案: A 40.A.thus
B.even C.still
D.again 解析: 根据句意“我当时常常查完了词典,还是不完全明白其意”。A.表示顺理成章,这样;B.表示递进,甚至;C.仍然;D.再次,所以选C。 答案: C 41.A.new
B.familiar C.earlier
D.ordinary 解析: 根据was used to习惯于,可知是熟悉的双语词典,而不是新的;早些的;普通的。 答案: B 42.A.explainedB.expressed
C.describedD.created 解析: 词典里面对于单词应该是用英汉双语解释说明,所以选explained,而“表达;描述;创作”都不符合题意。 答案: A 43.A.offered B.agreed C.decided
D.happened 解析: 根据句意“我真不明白为什么姑姑决定这么难为我”,选C。A.主动提供;B.同意;C.决定;D.碰巧,偶然。 答案: C 44.A.imagine
B.recommend
C.predict
D.understand 解析: 经过三年的大学学习,我终于明白了英英词典的好处,所以选understand。A.想象;B.推荐,建议;C.预测;D.理解,明白。 答案: D 45.A.natural
B.better C.easier
D.convenient 解析: 根据第一段最后一句和前文比较得知,与三年前相比,我现在明白了使用英英词典对学习外语更好。A.自然的;B.更好的;C.更容易的;D.方便的。 答案: B 46.A.at bestB.in fact C.at times
D.in case 解析: 此空是插入语,A.最佳状态;B.事实上;C.有时;D.万一。所以选B。此空若忽略了后面的often,易错选为C(at times)。 答案: B 47.A.wordsB.names C.ideas
D.characters 解析: 正如我所发现的那样,在两种语言的词汇中事实上经常没有非常对应的词。A.词汇;B.名称;C.思想;D.字母,特性。 答案: A 48.A.hope
B.declare C.doubt
D.tell 解析: 我姑姑甚至更离谱地宣称……,此空应该选表示发表自己论断的动词。A.希望;B.宣称;C.怀疑;D.告诉。 答案: B 49.A.exact
B.basic C.translatedD.expected 解析: 根据句意,姑姑说中文的对应词不可能告诉你英文的确切意思。A.确切的;B.基本的;C.被翻译的;D.被期望的。 答案: A 50.A.RatherB.However C.ThereforeD.Instead 解析: 因此她坚持要求我查英英词典。所以是因果关系,选Therefore。A.而不是;B.然而;C.因此;D.相反。 答案: C 51.A.when
B.before C.until
D.while 解析: 句意为:当我想更好地理解英文词义的时候……。应选“当……时候”,而且“想知道”应该是非延续性动词,所以选when。 答案: A 52.A.Largely B.Generally C.Gradually D.Probably 解析: 设空处后面I have come to see...表示“我渐渐明白了……”,所以设空处应该是Gradually。其他选项为A.大量地,大半地;B.大体上;D.很可能。 答案: C 53.A.extra B.average C.total D.limited 解析: 从最后一段第二句得知,英英词典常用的词汇量只有2,000个,所以应该是有限的,选D。A.额外的;B.平均的,普通的;C.总共的;D.有限的。 答案: D
54.A.repeatedly
B.nearly C.immediately
D.anxiously 解析: 根据句意,不断接触这些基础词汇才学会了它们的用法。所以选A.不断地。其余选项B.几乎;C.立刻;D.焦急地,均不符合题意。 答案: A 55.A.According to
B.In relation to C.In addition to
D.Because of 解析: 最后一句话是承上总结,因为这个原因,我用英语表达更加自如。所以选择D.因为。A.根据;B.与……有关;C.除了……还有。 答案: D
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