2017《夺冠之路》高三一轮人教版英语（安徽专用）：方法技巧难点8　精品课件

　　难点(八)　“戴着面纱”的“事实”型细节理解题 该题型的难点在于文章提供的信息量大，考生在提取文中有效信息时容易出现失误，从而误判乃至误选答案。

　　Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? A．To find more food. B．To protect themselves better. C．To keep themselves warm.　 D．To produce their young. (2010·新课标全国卷Ⅰ，C) Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly，flies like a fat chicken，eats green leaves，has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings

　　when young.They build their homes about 4.6 m above the river，an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young.It is called the hoatzin. In appearance，the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside.The head is small，with a large set of feathers on the top，bright red eyes，and blue skin.Its nearest relatives are the common birds，cuckoos.Its most striking feature，though，is only found in the young.

　　Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip.Using these four claws，together with the beak (喙)，they can climb about in the bushes，looking very much like primitive birds must have done.When the young hoatzins have learned to fly，they lose their claws. During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds，but in April，when the rainy season begins，they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes. When danger comes in the form of a snake or a monkey，the young hoatzins—maybe three in one family—jump over the side and into the river.They swim about under the water until it is safe to return and then，using their claws，lift themselves up through the branches and get back home.When they have learned to fly they lose their claws and escape enemies not by swimming but by flying off，in a slow and heavy way，to a neighboring tree. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文，介绍生活在南美的亚马逊河流域的一种叫hoatzin的鸟，介绍其身体特征和生活习性。

　　1．What is the text mainly about? A．Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons. B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins. C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.

　　解析：　主旨大意题。本文第一段说，在亚马逊河流域有一种鸟，先学会游泳后学会飞翔，第二段说它们的外表，第三段叙述这种鸟从幼鸟到学会飞翔的蜕变，第四段讲述其生活特性，即在每年的12月到3月以及4月份雨季来临时它们的生活习性。从这些叙述看，本文的主题是D，介绍这种叫hoatzin的鸟的外表和生活习性。B项“hoatzin的天敌与亲戚”在本文没有提到，A项“在雨季和干燥季节的hoatzin”；C项“亚马逊的原始鸟与hoatzin”都是文章的部分内容。 答案：　D 2．Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that________. A．they look like young cuckoos B．they have claws on the wings C．they eat a lot like a cow　 D．they live on river banks 解析：　事实细节题。第三段说，幼小的hoatzin在其每只翅膀的顶部边缘有一只脚爪，而且每只翅膀的顶部末端还有一只脚爪，它们靠这四只脚爪和喙攀爬，等它们学会飞翔之后，这些脚爪就消失了。由此判断B项正确，成年hoatzin与幼小的hoatzin的区别是，幼鸟在翅膀上有脚爪。 答案：　B

　　3．What can we infer about primitive birds from the text? A．They had claws to help them climb. B．They could fly long distances. C．They had four wings like hoatzins. D．They had a head with long feathers on the top. 解析：　推理判断题。第三段说，hoatzin的幼鸟用四只脚爪和喙在灌木丛中攀爬。由此推断，幼鸟的脚爪是用来帮助其攀爬的。 答案：　A 4．Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? A．To find more food.　

　　B．To protect themselves better. C．To keep themselves warm.　 D．To produce their young. 解析：　事实细节题。文章最后一句说，在雨季，这些鸟儿两到七只聚集在一起，是为了“繁殖的目的”(for producing purposes)，由此判断选D，其他选项的陈述在文中没有提到。 答案：　D

　　【长难句】　Using these four claws，together with the beak (喙)，they can climb about in the bushes，looking very much like primitive birds must have done.使用四只脚爪，加上它们的喙，它们就能在灌木丛中到处爬行，看起来非常像原始鸟爬行的样子。 [化难为易]　所谓细节理解题，是指文章提到了与某个试题相关的时间、地点、人物或事件。细节理解题一般包括直接理解题和语意转化题，所以破解“事实”型细节理解题就像是在揭开一层面纱。抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型试题的基础。换句话说，该类型试题大部分都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或者是转换了说法的句子。所以，准确查找信息在阅读理解题中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的事实性材料，其实在一篇文章里，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。 做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。