练规范、练技能、练速度 come about发生;造成 教材原句P26:So how has this come about and does it matter? 那么,这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢?会有什么影响吗? ①Can you tell me how the big fire came about? 你能告诉我大火是怎样发生的吗? ②I’ll never understand how it came about that you made such a mistake.我真不明白你居然犯了这么个错误。
辨析:come about,happen,take place与break out (1)come about 发生,产生,指要求解释或说明事情发生的理由。经常与how连用。 (2)happen 发生,常用词汇,指偶然的,意外的,具体客观事物的发生或出现,尤其指自发的未能预见的事情发生。 (3)take place 发生,指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非是偶然的,进而引申为按计划“进行,举行”。 (4)break out指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然“发生、爆发”。 6.用come about,happen,take place或break out填空: (1)A fire______________during the night,which caused a lot of damage. (2)Luckily the earthquake didn’t________in the center of the city. (3)How did it______________that the dairy products were harmful to children? (4)Great changes______________in our school in the past few years. 答案: (1)broke out (2)happen (3)come about (4)have taken place result in导致 教材原句P26:They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们还赞同下述观点,正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。 ①The accident resulted in three people being killed. 这次事故造成了三人死亡。 ②His hard work resulted in excellent grades in his exams. 他的努力使他在考试中取得了优异的成绩。 result from...由……造成;因……而产生 as a result结果 as a result of...由于……的结果 with the result that...其结果是…… without result没有结果;白费 ③However,pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress. 但是,人类的发展也产生了污染和其他严重的问题。
④Alice overslept this morning.As a result,she was late for work. 艾丽斯今天早上睡过了头,结果上班迟到了。 ⑤About 21 million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.20世纪90年代约有2 100万人死于吸烟。 ⑥He has tried very hard to find a job,until now without result. 他努力找工作,但直到现在仍毫无结果。
7.完成句子 (1)由于疏忽所引起的任何损失应由借用者负责赔偿。 Any damage______________________must be paid for by the borrower. (2)最近的研究表明,压力和疲劳常使人精力不集中。 According to a recent study,stress and tiredness often__________ ____________a lack of concentration. 答案: (1)resulting from carelessness (2)result in/lead to
There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 毫无疑问,地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1),而且全球转暖是人为的,而不是随意的自然现象。
在本句型中,that从句是同位语从句,表示doubt的内容。用法与there is a chance that...是一样的。 (1)doubt作为名词,若用在否定句或疑问句中,后面接that引导的同位语从句;若用在肯定句中,后面接whether引导的同位语从句。注意此时不可以用if替换whether。 (2)doubt作为动词,若用于否定句和疑问句中,后面接that引导的宾语从句;若用于肯定句中,后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。 ①There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter. 毫无疑问,他们在这件事上会同意你的。 ②There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication. 毫无疑问,收音机和电视机是信息交流的重要方式。 ③I have no doubt that he will succeed.我相信他会成功的。 There’s some doubt whether/if he is fit for the job. 他是否胜任这项工作有点疑问。 ④He doubts if she will keep her word. 他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。 ⑤I don’t doubt/have no doubt that he will win the race. 我不怀疑他将赢得比赛。
8.(2010·湖南衡南模拟)We don’t doubt________the people in Beichuan County will recover from the disaster soon and rebuild their homes better than before. A.that
B.if C.what
D.whether 解析: doubt此处用作动词,且句子为否定句,所以用that引导宾语从句;在肯定句中则用whether/if引导宾语从句。 答案: A
9.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt________a cure for AIDS will be found. A.which
B.what C.that
D.whether 解析: There is no doubt that...为固定搭配,意为“……是毫无疑问的”。 答案: C It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not,turn it off!只要你在使用电器设备,你便可以把它开着,如果不用就把它关掉! (1)so long as=as long as “只要”引导条件状语从句。 ①You may borrow the book as long as/so long as you keep it clean.只要你不把书弄脏,就可以借给你。 ②So long as/As long as you have confidence in yourself,you’ll win.只要你有自信,你会获胜的。 ③You may use the room as you like so long as you clean it up afterwards. 你尽可随意使用这个房间,只要你过后打扫干净即可。
as long as只能用于肯定句,而so long as既可用于肯定句又能用于否定句。 as long as还可意为“与……一样长,长达……”。 ④We need a rope as long as 30 metres. 我们需要一条30米长的绳子。
10.(2010·江西卷)—Our holiday cost a lot of money. —Did it?Well,that doesn’t matter________you enjoyed yourselves. A.as long asB.unless C.as soon asD.though 解析: 考查连词。句意为:——暑假我们花费了许多钱。——真的吗?只要你玩得开心,那没关系。as long as只要,unless除非,as soon as一……就;though尽管。根据句意,可知A项正确。 答案: A (2)if not在本句中是if you are not using it的省略形式 if so如果这样 if any若有 if necessary如果有必要 ①I think the train leaves at midday.You’d better take a taxi.If not,maybe you’ll miss it. 我想火车是正午开,你最好打的去,否则可能会误车的。
②Is anybody feeling cold?If not,let’s put the central heating off.有谁感到冷吗?如果没有,就把暖气关掉。 ③Point out errors,if any.若有错误,请指正。 ④Have you got a free evening next week?If so,let’s have dinner together.下周你哪个晚上没事?如果没有事,我们去吃饭吧。 ⑤Take this camera with you,if necessary. 如果有必要,带上照相机去吧!
11.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)Though________to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome. A.surprisingB.was surprised C.surprisedD.being surprised 解析: 此题考查省略。Though surprised是Though he was surprised的省略。句意为:尽管教授很吃惊看到我们,还是热情地欢迎了我们。 答案: C Ⅰ.选词填空 make a difference;go up;so long as;on the whole;a large quantity of;on behalf of;keep on;put up with 1.The number of people who have lost their jobs______ __________again in this city. 答案: has gone up 2.The boy________________asking silly questions but his mother always answered them patiently. 答案: kept on 3.________________,your composition is good except for a few mistakes. 答案: On the whole 4.The president was busy so his secretary gave the speech _______ _________him. 答案: on behalf of 5.I can’t________________too much noise when I am sleeping. 答案: put up with 6.You can use the room as you like,________________you promise to clean it. 答案: so long as
7.The job will__________________to you so you should think it over carefully. 答案: make a difference 8.______________________airconditioners have been sold in the shop since summer began. 答案: A large quantity of Ⅱ.巧思妙解 1.(2009·福建俊民中学模拟)—How did it________that you made such a silly mistake? —I myself haven’t figured it out yet. A.bring about B.come about C.come acrossD.come on 解析: 句意为:——你怎么会犯如此愚蠢的错误?——连我自己都还没弄明白。B.形成,产生。A.造成,引起;C.偶然发现;D.改进,加油。 答案: B
2.—Have you________some new ideas? —Yeah.I’ll tell you later. A.come aboutB.come into C.come up withD.come out with 解析: 句意为:——你提出了什么新想法吗?——噢,以后我会告诉你的。 答案: C 3.The teacher asked a difficult question,but Ted finally managed to________a good answer. A.put up withB.keep up with C.come up withD.go through with 解析: 句意为:老师问了一道很难的题,但特德最后还是想出了令人满意的答案。put up with忍受;keep up with跟上;come up with提出;go through with(艰难地)完成,履行……诺言。根据句意选C。 答案: C 4.(全国高考)—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? —I don’t mind where we go________there’s sun,sea and beach. A.as if
B.as long as C.now thatD.in order that 解析: 句意为:——暑假有什么打算?——去什么地方都行,只要有阳光、大海和沙滩就可以了。as long as只要,引导条件状语从句;as if好像;now that既然;in order that为了,不符合语境要求。 答案: B 5.(安徽高考)—Do you have a minute?I’ve got something to tell you. —OK,________you make it short. A.now thatB.if only C.so long asD.every time 解析: 句意为:——你有时间吗?我有事要给你说。——好的,只要长话短说。考查一组短语作连词的用法。now that既然;由于,引导原因状语从句;if only要是……就好了,用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反的情况;so long as只要,表示条件;every time每次;每当,表示时间。 答案: C Ⅲ.语法专练 本单元语法——it的用法(Ⅱ) 1.(2011·石家庄市质量检测)I still remember how many years ago________I last met her in the countryside. A.when it wasB.was it that C.when was itD.it was that 解析: 考查强调句型。remember后的部分是宾语从句,从句中含有一个强调句型,被强调部分是how many years ago。 答案: D
2.(2011·东北三校第一次联考)We have made________clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office. A.this
B.that C.it
D.one 解析: 考查it的特殊用法。句中的it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是that we are strongly against smoking in the office。 答案: C 3.(2011·东城第一学期检测)Flowers growing in a wellequipped greenhouse find________hard to survive in the wild. A.it
B.that C.so
D.very 解析: 在think/feel/find等词后,常接it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面,所以答案为A。其实,该句还可以转换为:Flowers growing in a wellequipped greenhouse find that it is hard to survive in the wild. 答案: A
4.I’ve just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite.Tom,go and buy________back. A.one
B.any C.it
D.some 解析: it表示同一个;one表示同类。句中提到的对面书店有一本《飘》,把那本书买回来,故选C。 答案: C
5.(2010·郑州第二次检测)—What an exciting party! —Yes,the night seems as if________would never end. A.there
B.time C.that
D.it 解析: 考查代词。空白处填it,指代the night。 答案: D Ⅰ.重点单词聚焦 1.Driving a car to work every day may________(消耗) a large amount of fuel. 答案: consume 2.There is an increasing________(趋势) for women to have children later in life. 答案: trend 3.He________(订阅) to a number of magazines concerned with his research subject. 答案: subscribed 4.Our football match was cancelled as a ________(结果) of the heavy rain. 答案: consequence 5.English is________(遍及广大范围的) and used in most international meetings. 答案: widespread 6.The________(平均的) age of the students in this class is fifteen. 答案: average 7.I don’t________(主张) buying a car for it is not good for the environment. 答案: advocate 8.The girl took a book at________(随意地) from the shelf while she was wandering in the bookshop. 答案: random 9.The writer is used to________(提起精神) himself with a cup of coffee while writing. 答案: refreshing 10.Now________(电子的) appliances are widely used in people’s homes. 答案: electrical Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 1.come
发生;造成 2.subscribe
同意,赞成,订阅 3.go
上升;增长;升起 4.be
to反对…… 5.keep
继续 6.
the whole大体上;基本上 7.on
平均来看
average 低于/高于平均水平 8.put
with忍受;容忍 about to up opposed on on average below/above up
9.and so
等等 10.
of 大量的 11.result
导致 12.even
甚至 13.on
of代表……一方;作为……的代言人 14.so
as只要 on quantities in if behalf long Ⅲ.课文原句突破 1.毫无疑问,地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1),而且全球转暖是人为的,而不是随意的自然现象。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that ________ ________ human activity ________ has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 答案: There is no doubt that;it is;that 2.它意味着更多的热能会被困在大气层中,从而引起全球气温上升。 It means that more heat energy tends to ________ ________ ________ the atmosphere________the global temperature to go up. 答案: be trapped in;causing
3.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量,在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内,气候仍会持续转暖。 ________ ________ we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases,the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. 答案: Even if 4.只要你在使用电器设备,你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉! It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on________ ________ ________you are using it—________ ________,turn it off! 答案: so long as;if not 5.将新材料做成物品需要许多能量,因而,如果有可能请购买用回收材料制成的物品。 ________takes a lot of energy________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________,so,if you can,buy things made from recycled materials. 答案: It;to make things from new materials quantity n.量;数量;数目,数额 教材原句P26:The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候,问题就开始了。
①Now many companies are more concerned with quality than with quantity.现在很多公司对质量比对产量更重视。 ②The year 2009 is a wonderful year for TV plays,in terms of both quantity and quality. 2009年的电视剧无论从数量上还是质量上都相当好。 ③Large quantities of information have been collected. 已经收集了大量信息。
④It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity. 如果你大量购买要便宜得多。
a quantity of后同样可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。但当它作主语时谓语动词一般根据其所修饰的名词而定,而quantities of作主语时,不论其后的名词可数或不可数,谓语动词都用复数。
1.(2009·福建卷)—Why does the lake smell terrible? —Because large quantities of water________. A.have polluted
B.is being polluted C.has been polluted D.have been polluted 解析: 句意为:——这条湖水怎么这么难闻?——因为大量的水已经被污染了。water与pollute之间为被动关系,故排除A项;B表“正被污染”,故排除;large quantities of后加名词作主语时,谓语动词的数应与quantities保持一致,故排除C项,答案为D项。 答案: D oppose vt.反对;反抗;与(某人)较量 教材原句P27:On the other hand,there are those,like George Hambley,who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.在另一方面,还有一些人,像科学家乔治·汉布利,反对上面的观点,他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。
①Many people opposed the idea of building a new high way because of the great cost. 由于需要巨额开支,许多人反对另修一条新公路的主意。 ②We are firmly opposed to the practice of power politics between nations.我们坚决反对国与国之间实行强权政治。 ③The parents strongly opposed their daughter going there alone. 父母极力反对女儿单独去那里。
2.Father is strongly opposed________shopping on Sunday because the streets and supermarkets are full of people. A.to do
B.to doing C.of doing
D.with doing 解析: 本题考查be opposed to (doing) sth.短语。be opposed to (doing) sth.意为“反对……”,其中to为介词,后跟名词或动名词。 答案: B average adj.平均的;普通的;正常的;平常的;n.平均数;平均水平;一般水准;v.平均为;计算出……的平均数 教材原句P29:The greenhouse effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15 ℃. 温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15 ℃。
①There’s nothing special about him;he’s only average. 他没有什么特别的,他很普通。 ②On average people who don’t smoke are healthier than people who do.通常,不吸烟的人比吸烟的人健康。 ③Tom’s work at school is above (the) average,while Harry’s is below (the) average. 汤姆在学校的功课在一般以上,而哈利的功课在一般以下。 ④Our weekly profits average out at about $750. 我们每周的平均利润约为750美元。 3.(2010·江西卷)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000,a(n)________of 40,000 per year. A.average
B.number C.amount
D.quantity 解析: 句意为:去年毕业时就有驾照的学生数量已达到20万,平均每年4万。本题考查名词辨析。average 平均,平均数;a number of 许多,大量,修饰可数名词;an amount of 许多,大量,与不可数名词连用;a quantity of 许多,大量的,修饰可数和不可数名词。根据句意,选A。 答案: A circumstance n.环境;情况,通常用作复数形式 教材原句P30:Recycle cans,bottles,plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. 如果情况允许的话,回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下;情况既然如此 in/under no circumstances 决不,无论如何都不(放句首时主句用倒装语序)
①Circumstances permitting,I’ll go abroad to study. 情况允许的话,我要出国学习。 ②In/Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job. 在这种情况下,他觉得无法接受这项工作。 ③I had to give up my attempt in the circumstances. 在此情况下我必须放弃我的尝试。 ④Under no circumstances can you leave this house! 你无论如何都不能离开这所房子。 4.Under no circumstances________to move to a new place far away from her workplace,because it isn’t convenient for her family and herself. A.Karen will agree
B.will Karen agree C.Karen will disagree D.will Karen disagree 解析: 句意为:因为对于Karen和她的家庭来说搬到远离她的工作地点去住是太不方便,所以她决不同意搬家。题中因为under no circumstances(决不)这一否定短语开头,故此应用倒装结构,排除A、C。根据句意可以排除D选项。 答案: B glance vi.& n.瞥一眼;匆匆一看;扫视,后常跟at,down,over,through 教材原句P27:Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.迅速看一下杂志上的文章并回答问题。
①He glanced over the morning paper and went out. 他匆匆地浏览了晨报然后出去了。 ②The boy glanced at the envelope and recognized his friend’s handwriting. 小男孩看了一下信封,就认出了他朋友的字体。 ③Tom glanced at/took a glance at the newspaper headlines. 汤姆匆匆看了一眼报纸的大标题。 ④At first glance the problem seemed easy. 乍一看问题似乎很简单。
5.完成句子 我扫视了一下大厅,发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。 I________________________________the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience. 答案: took a glance at (1)a quantity of大量的
quantities of+许多的,大量的
in quantity大量的
(2)quality n.质量
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)average sth.out算出……的平均数
(1)
(2)at a glance立刻,一眼;(只)看一眼
at first glance乍一看,乍看之下
take/show/throw a glance (at sb./sth.)
(朝某人/某物)一瞥;看一眼
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