2017届高考英语（北师大版）一轮复习综合训练（课件）：Module 7 Unit 19　Language

　　四、同位语从句

　　同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引

　　导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，

　　hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，

　　promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。一

　　些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词之后跟的同位语从句中，谓语动

　　词用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形表示，should 可省略。”例如：

　　The news that we won the game is exciting.

　　我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

　　I have no idea when he will come back home.

　　我不知道他什么时候回家来。

　　The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.

　　他想到可能玛丽生病了。

　　Word came that Obama would come to our school.

　　有消息说奥巴马要来我们学校。

　　There is no doubt that he will come.毫无疑问他会来。

　　There is doubt whether he will come.他是否来还不一定。

　　This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

　　我们唯一的请求就是这件事应尽快得到解决。

　　注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

　　that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

　　试比较下面两个例句：

　　I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句，不能省略) Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)

　　语法专练 1．The little girl who got lost decided to remain________she

　　was and wait for her mother.(2009·山东)

　　A．where

　　B．what

　　C．how

　　D．who

　　解析：remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，

　　从句缺地点状语，所以选A。

　　答案：A 2．She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to

　　do________it takes to save her life.(2009·湖南)

　　A．whichever

　　B．however

　　C．whatever

　　D．whoever

　　解析：名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说非

　　常宝贵，我们已经准备好一切来拯救她的生命。

　　答案：C 3.

　　________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.

　　A．It is said

　　B．They are said

　　C．It said

　　D．It says

　　解析：句型It is said that＋主语从句。类似的还有It is

　　believed that...etc.

　　答案：A 4．________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

　　A．What

　　B．That

　　C．How

　　D．Where

　　解析：观察此从句中缺少主语，而能在主语从句中既充

　　当主语成分又起引导作用的就只有what了。

　　答案：A 5．________is no possibility________Bob will win the first

　　prize in the match.

　　A．There；that

　　B．It；that

　　C．There；whether

　　D．It；whether

　　解析：固定句型There is no possibility that...

　　答案：A 6．Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the

　　schoolmaster________he had done the day before.

　　A．that

　　B．how

　　C．what

　　D．where

　　解析：what 引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作宾语。

　　答案：C 7．The old man smiled when he saw how pretty________up to

　　be during the past few years.

　　A．had his daughter grown

　　B．would his daughter grow

　　C．his daughter would grow

　　D．his daughter had grown

　　解析：感叹句作宾语从句，how加形容词或副词再加陈述句。

　　答案：D 8．________surprised me most was________such a little girl of

　　seven could play the violin so well.

　　A．That；what

　　B．What；that

　　C．That；that

　　D．What；what

　　解析：what引导主语从句且在从句中作主语；that引导表语

　　从句，但在从句中不作任何成分。

　　答案：B 9．These wild flowers are so special that I would

　　do________I can to save them.

　　A．whatever

　　B．which

　　C．that

　　D．whichever

　　解析：whatever引导宾语从句。

　　答案：A 10．________helped to save the drowning girl is worth

　　praising.

　　A．Who

　　B．Anyone

　　C．Whoever

　　D．The person

　　解析：whoever引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，相当

　　于anyone who。

　　答案：C 11．Eat________you like and leave the others

　　for________comes in late.

　　A．any；who

　　B．every；whoever

　　C．whichever；whoever

　　D．either；whoever

　　解析：whichever引导宾语从句，whoever引导宾语从句且

　　在从句中作主语，相当于 the person who。

　　答案：C 12．________she couldn’t understand was________fewer and

　　fewer students showed interest in her lessons.

　　A．what；why

　　B．that；why

　　C．what；because

　　D．why；that

　　解析：what 引导主语从句且在从句中作宾语；why引导表

　　语从句。意思是：她不能明白的是为什么越来越少的学生

　　对她的课感兴趣。

　　答案：A 13．It was________he said________disappointed me.

　　A．what；that

　　B．that；that

　　C．what；what

　　D．that；what

　　解析：首先，it was...that...是强调句型，然后，what he said

　　是被强调部分，这里强调的是主语。句意为：是他所说的话

　　使我很失望。

　　答案：A 14．It was ordered that all the soldiers________to the front.

　　A．should send

　　B．must be sent

　　C．should be sent

　　D．must go

　　解析：在英语中，有表示建议，命令等词的后面接从句时，

　　要用虚拟语气，即should 加动词原形。本题中士兵们是被

　　送往前线，所以用should be sent。

　　答案：C 15.The true value of life is not in________，but________.

　　A．which we get；what give we

　　B．what we get；what we give

　　C．which do we get；what do we give

　　D．how we get；that we give

　　解析：what 分别引导两个宾语从句，翻译作“什么”。即：生

　　命的价值不是我们得到了什么而是我们付出了什么。

　　答案：B 16.We are all for your proposal that the discussion________.

　　A．be put off

　　B．was put off

　　C．should put off

　　D．is to be put off

　　解析：在英语中，有表示建议，命令等词的后面接从句时，要

　　用虚拟语气，即should 加动词原形。本题中proposal是建议的

　　意思。句意为：我们都支持你的建议，即这个讨论应该被推迟.

　　答案：A 17．Go and get your coat.It’s________you left it.

　　A．where

　　B．there

　　C．here where

　　D．where there

　　解析：where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语。

　　答案：A 18．Sarah hopes to become a friend of________shares her

　　interests.

　　A．anyone

　　B．whomever

　　C．whoever

　　D．no matter who

　　解析：whoever引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语。

　　答案：C 19．You can’t imagine________when they received these nice

　　Christmas presents.

　　A．how they were excited

　　B．how excited they were

　　C．how excited were they

　　D．they were how excited

　　解析：how 引导感叹句作宾语从句。how加形容词或副

　　词再加陈述句。

　　答案：B 20．________the 2017 Olympic Games will be held in

　　London is known already.

　　A．Whenever

　　B．If

　　C．Whether

　　D．That

　　解析：that 引导主语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分。

　　答案：D 1．________man must fear when travelling in space is

　　radiation from the sun.

　　A．Which

　　B．How

　　C．What

　　D．That

　　解析：what 引导主语从句且在从句中作fear 的宾语。

　　答案：C 2．Mother made a promise________I pass the College

　　Entrance Examinations，she would buy me a mobile phone.

　　A．that

　　B．if that

　　C．that if

　　D．that whether

　　解析：promise 后是同位语从句，用that 引导，if 引导条

　　件状语从句。

　　答案：C 3．Seeing the flags on top of the building? That

　　was________we did this morning.

　　A．when

　　B．which

　　C．where

　　D．what

　　解析：what 引导表语从句，并在从句中作动词did 的

　　宾语。

　　答案：D 4．They received orders________the work be done at once.

　　A．which

　　B．when

　　C．/

　　D．that

　　解析：同位语从句内容俱全，只需加上引导词that 即

　　可，that 不可省。

　　答案：D 5．Many experts hold the view________teachers’

　　development is________the key to better education lies.

　　A．which；where

　　B．which；in which

　　C．that；where

　　D．that；in which

　　解析：此题考查同位语从句和表语从句。句意： 许多专

　　家认为教师的发展是更好的教育之关键所在。

　　答案：C 例1

　　For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh

　　fruit________on his own farm.(2009·北京，24)

　　A．grown

　　B．being grown

　　C．to be grown

　　D．to grow

　　解题方法指导： 句意：早饭他只喝自己农场种的新鲜水果

　　榨出来的果汁。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。fruit

　　grow为被动关系，故排除D选项；being grown正被种植；

　　to be grown将要被种植，均不合题意，所以选A。

　　答案：A 教材原文对照 What this means is the make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums

　　(P6) 例2

　　We should consider the students’ request________the

　　school library provide more books on popular science.

　　(2009·重庆，3)

　　A．that

　　B．when

　　C．which

　　D．where

　　解题方法指导:

　　考查名词性从句。根据题意可知，空格

　　处是同位语从句的引导词，修饰中心名词request，且在

　　句子中不充当成分，故用that。这句话的意思是：我们应

　　该考虑学生的这个要求，即学校图书馆应该多提供一些

　　大众科学方面的书籍。

　　答案：A 教材原文对照 But sadly , the chance that we will all have the opportunity to live in an English speaking country are small .

　　(P6) 例3

　　The companies are working together to

　　create____________________________________________

　　they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st

　　century.(2009·北京)

　　A．which

　　B．that

　　C．what

　　D．who

　　解题方法指导:

　　考查宾语从句。从题干看，连词引导宾

　　语从句作create的宾语，并在从句中作主语表示“……东

　　西”，因此用what。which引导名词性从句表示选择，

　　that引导名词性从句时在从句中不作任何成分，who指人.

　　答案：C 教材原文对照 Therefore , most of us have to rely on what we can learn at school as part of the school curriculum

　　(P6) 4．catch on 受欢迎，变得流行；理解，明白，学会

　　精讲拓展

　　catch on to sth./what­clause理解，了解，懂

　　catch one’s eye突然吸引某人的注意

　　catch you later回头见，一会儿见

　　catch at sth.试图抓住某事物

　　catch sb./sth.up(＝catch up with sb./sth.)赶上某人或车辆

　　catch sb.by the wrist/the sleeve抓住某人的手腕/衣袖

　　catch sb.in the act of doing sth.当场抓住某人在做某事

　　catch sight of sb./sth.看见某人(物) 典型例句 I wonder if the game will ever catch on with young people. 我想知道这个游戏会不会在年轻人当中流行开来。[剑桥高阶] It was a long time before the police caught on to what he was really doing. 过了好长时间警方才搞清楚他其实在干什么。[朗文当代] I suddenly caught sight of her in the crowd. 我突然在人群中看见了她。[朗文当代] You walk on and I’ll catch up with you later/I’ll catch you up later. 你往前走吧，我过一会儿就追上你。[朗文当代]

　　It took me a long time to________to the direction.

　　A．catch on

　　B．catch in

　　C．catch up

　　D．catch with

　　解析：句意为：我花了很长时间才搞清楚方向。catch on to

　　the direction(理解，明白)搞清楚方向，be caught in sth.遭

　　遇，catch sb.up赶上，catch up with sb./sth.赶上。

　　答案：A

　　The new method caught________and many peasants became

　　very skillful at it.

　　A．on

　　B．up

　　C．at

　　D．in

　　解析：catch on受欢迎，变得流行。句意为：新的方法受欢

　　迎，许多农民都精于此。

　　答案：A 24 25

　　My sister is very good at English，for she is very quick

　　to________to new words and expressions.

　　A．reach out

　　B．stand for

　　C．hold up

　　D．catch on

　　解析：句意为：我妹妹英语学的好，因为她对新单词和短

　　语理解的快。reach out(his hand)伸出(他的手)；stand

　　for 代表；hold up使延误，阻碍；catch on to sth.理解，

　　明白。

　　答案：D 26 重点句型 1．...you say that there is a discount provided_that I pay in

　　advance.你说如果我提前付款，可以打折。

　　精讲拓展

　　(1)provided(that)引导一个条件状语从句，意思为“如果，

　　只要”

　　(2)providing that 也表示“只要，倘若”

　　(3)类似表达：as/so long as；only if；on condition that...；

　　suppose/supposing(that)(常用于问句)

　　典型例句

　　Provided( that) there is no opposition，we shall hold the

　　meeting here.

　　如果没人反对，我们就在这里开会。[朗文当代]

　　I will go，provided/providing(that) you go too.

　　只要你去，我就去。[朗文当代]

　　________you pay me back by Friday，I’ll lend you the

　　money.

　　A．Unless

　　B．Because

　　C．Provided

　　D．Whether

　　解析：考查词语辨析。句意为：只要你星期五前能把钱还

　　给我，我就借给你。unless除非；because由于；provided

　　只要；whether是否。故C符合题意。

　　答案：C 27 2．But sadly，the chances that we will have the opportunity to

　　live in an English­speaking country is small.但不幸的是，我

　　们生活在讲英语的国家的机会是很小的。

　　精讲拓展

　　本句中的that 引导一个同位语从句。同位语从句常用来解释

　　说明某一名词的内容和实质。常接同位语从句的名词有

　　idea，suggestion，hope，wish，word，promise，

　　message，news，explanation等。除了that常用来引导同位

　　语从句外，其他的连接代词和连接副词也可用来连接同位语

　　从句。

　　典型例句

　　The manager turned down his suggestion that more safety

　　measures should be taken to protect the workers.

　　经理拒绝了他提出的采取更多安全措施保护工人的建议。

　　There is a faint chance that you will find him at home.

　　你在他家找到他的可能性很小。 即学即用 There is much chance________Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. A．that

　　B．which

　　C．until

　　D．if 解析：that 引导同位语从句解释说明chance的内容。 答案：A A warm thought suddenly came to me________I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A．if

　　B．when

　　C．that

　　D．which

　　解析：that 引导同位语从句解释说明thought的内容。 答案：C 28 29 3．What_this_means is that they make sure there is an adequate

　　amount of input in English conveyed to the students through

　　various mediums.这就意味着，他们要确保通过多种方式给

　　学生足够的英语输入量。

　　精讲拓展

　　“what this means”在句中作主语，what引导主语从句，并在

　　从句中作means 的宾语；that 在本句中引导表语从句，且不

　　在句中充当任何成分。conveyed to the students through

　　various mediums是过去分词短语作input的后置定语，相当

　　于定语从句：which is conveyed to the students through

　　various mediums. 典型例句 In the end，she obtained what she had longed for for years，but she didn’t live happily. 最终她获得了渴望多年的东西，但过得并不快乐。 My idea is that we should hold another meeting to discuss the matter. 我的想法是我们应再举行会议来商讨这件事。 People in Chongqing are proud of________they have achieved in the past ten years. A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．how 解析：what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作宾语。 答案：C 30 Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from________their parents speak at home. A．what

　　B．that

　　C．which

　　D．one

　　解析：what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作宾语。 答案：A The traditional view is________we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to do so. A．when

　　B．why

　　C．whether

　　D．that

　　解析：that 引导表语从句且在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有一定的含义。 答案：D 31 32 名师原创 1．On the one hand I valued his friendship，but________I

　　disliked his pride and selfishness.

　　A．also

　　B．on others

　　C．in some other way

　　D．on the other hand

　　解析：考查词语辨析。句意为：一方面我很重视跟他的友

　　谊，但另一方面，我却不喜欢他的自负与自私。句中有一个

　　很明显的关键词，即on the one hand这样构成on the one

　　hand...，on the other hand...一方面……另一方面。

　　答案：D 2．Her________of mind during driving nearly caused an accident.

　　A．presence

　　B．absence

　　C．appearance

　　D．sense

　　解析：考查名词词义辨析。presence在场出席；absence缺乏；

　　sense感觉，意识。句意为：在开车过程中，她精神不集中差

　　点造成交通事故。absence of mind精神不集中，心不在焉。

　　答案：B 3．He expressed his approval________the suggestion that the

　　school be established immediately.

　　A．on

　　B．with

　　C．to

　　D．of

　　解析：考查介词辨析。句意为：他表达了他赞成立刻建设学

　　校的建议。approval赞成，同意，其后常跟of搭配。

　　答案：D 4.

　　When we went into the cold room，we saw________wood

　　piled up in the corner.

　　A．a plenty of

　　B．a number of

　　C．a huge amount of

　　D．a good many of

　　解析：考查数量词的正确使用。句意为：当我们走进那间冰

　　冷的房间时，看到墙角处堆着一大堆木头。由于木头是不可

　　数名词，故用a huge amount of 来修饰。A项中去掉a也可

　　以，a number of 和a good many of 都用来修饰可数名词。

　　答案：C 5．Teachers are increasingly conscious________the importance

　　of the Internet.

　　A．with

　　B．of

　　C．to

　　D．by

　　解析：考查介词与conscious的搭配。句意为：老师们越来越

　　意识到因特网的重要性。be conscious of 意为“意识到，注

　　意到”。

　　答案：B 6．He played the piano，and he________from all the other

　　musicians.

　　A．worked out

　　B．turned out

　　C．gave out

　　D．stood out

　　解析：句意为：他弹奏钢琴，并且和其他音乐家比起来显得

　　突出。work out解决(问题)，锻炼，按某种方式发展；turn

　　out 结果是，最后证明是；give out分发，耗尽；stand out

　　突出。

　　答案：D 7．When you are in a foreign country，you may find it difficult

　　to________yourself to the climate there.

　　A．suit

　　B．get used to

　　C．adjust

　　D．fit

　　解析：句意为：当你身处国外时，你会发现难以适应那里的

　　气候。suit(颜色，款式，风格，时间等)适合；get used to

　　变得习惯于；adjust oneself to sth.调整自己以适应……；

　　fit(大小，尺寸)适合。故C符合题意。

　　答案：C 8．________you finish your homework first，you can go out to

　　play.

　　A．In that

　　B．As if

　　C．Even if

　　D．Provided that

　　解析：句意为：只要你先完成作业，你就可以出去玩。in

　　that是“既然，由于”的意思；as if好象；even if即使；

　　provided that只要，如果。

　　答案：D 9．Will future oil supplies be adequate________world needs?

　　A．to meet

　　B．meeting

　　C．for meeting

　　D．at meeting

　　解析：句意为：未来的石油供应足够世界的需要吗？be

　　adequate to do足够做……。

　　答案：A 10．Ellen asked Mr.Roge for________，but her proposals were

　　turned down.

　　A．approval

　　B．appetite

　　C．appearance

　　D．argument

　　解析：考查名词辨析，approval批准；appetite食欲；

　　appearance外表；argument争辩，争论。句意为：艾伦请

　　求罗杰先生批准她的提议，不过被驳回了。

　　答案：A 名词性从句Ⅱ 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连词：that(无任何词义) whether，if(均表示“是否”，表明从句内容的不确定性) as if ，as though(均表示“好像”，“似乎”) 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which，whichever，whomever 连接副词：when，where，how，why 一、 主语从句 1．作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词

　　that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，

　　whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，

　　why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代

　　词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作

　　用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：

　　What he wants to tell us is not clear.

　　他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

　　Who will win the match is still unknown.

　　谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

　　It is known to us how he became a writer.

　　我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

　　Where the English evening party will be held has not yet

　　been announced.

　　英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 Whoever leaves the room last is supposed to turn off the lights.(whoever＝anyone who) Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever ＝ anyone of you ) Whatever he did was right.(whatever＝ the thing that) 2．当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数，下面

　　这个句型例外：

　　What we need is more time.

　　What we need are more books. 3．有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句

　　作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句

　　后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

　　(1) It is ＋名词＋that从句

　　It is a fact that...事实是……

　　It is an honor that...非常荣幸……

　　It is common knowledge that...是常识……

　　It is a surprise that...令人惊奇的是……

　　(2) It is ＋形容词＋that从句

　　It is natural that...很自然……

　　It is strange that...奇怪的是…… (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋that从句

　　It seems that...似乎…… It happens that...碰巧…… It appears that...似乎…… It occurred to me that...我突然发现…… (4) It is＋过去分词＋that从句

　　It is reported that...据报道…… It has been proved that...已证实…… It is believed that...人们相信…… It is known to all that...众所周知…… It has been decided that...已决定……

　　4．主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况

　　(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首，但whether

　　可以。例如：

　　Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting

　　question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

　　(2) It is said(reported)that...结构中的主语从句不可提

　　前。例如：

　　It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next

　　week.(right)

　　That President Jiang will visit our school next week is

　　said.(wrong)

　　(3) It happens that...，It occurs to sb.that...结构中的主

　　语从句不可提前。例如：

　　It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)

　　That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)

　　(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether...结构中的主语从句不可提

　　前。例如：

　　It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)

　　Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong)

　　(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例

　　如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)

　　Is that it will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)

　　5．what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

　　what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾

　　语、表语，而that 则不然。例如：

　　What you said yesterday is right.

　　That she suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.(that 不可省) 6.另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应

　　如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) ＋do”，

　　常用的句型有：

　　It is necessary (important，natural，strange，etc.) that...

　　It is a pity (a shame，no wonder，etc.) that...

　　It is suggested (requested，proposed，desired，etc.) that...

　　It’s a pity that you should have to leave.

　　你非走不可真是件憾事。

　　7.注意区分it作形式主语和it引导强调句：

　　it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语

　　从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部

　　分进行强调，强调句句型It is/was＋被强调部分＋that，去掉

　　It is/was，that，句子仍然成立。无论强调的是什么成分，都

　　可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：

　　It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.(主语从句) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.(主语从句) It is natural that they should have different views.(主语从句) It is in the morning that the murder took place.(强调句) It is John that /who broke the window.(强调句) It is only lately that he has had a family himself.(强调句) What was it that he wanted？I don’t know what it was that he wanted.(强调句) It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem.(强调句) 8．注意it作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句的不

　　同。例如：

　　It is known to all that the earth is round.(主语从句)

　　As is known to all，the earth is round.(含定语从句) 二、宾语从句

　　用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与

　　引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中

　　可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1．由连接词that引导的宾语从句

　　由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成

　　分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是并

　　列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：

　　He has told me( that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

　　他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

　　He said his parents had died and that he had to make a

　　living alone.

　　他说他的父母死了，他不得不独自谋生。 2．当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语＋谓语＋it ＋宾补＋

　　that­clause”，从句，that不可省。例如：

　　I think it certain that she will do well in her exam. 3．当that 从句作介词的宾语从句时，介词通常是except，

　　but，in，此时that 不可省。其他一些介词则需用it 作形式

　　宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。例如：

　　He is a good student except that he is careless.

　　他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。

　　You may rely on it that I shall help you.

　　你可以指望我来帮你。

　　The only reason lies in that she works much harder than

　　anyone else in her class.

　　唯一的理由是她比班上其他人刻苦。 4．在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist，desire，

　　request，command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的

　　动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)＋ 动词原形”。例如：

　　I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。

　　The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.

　　司令员命令部队马上出发。 5．用who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，

　　how，whoever，whatever，whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相

　　当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：

　　I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。

　　She always thinks of how she can work well.

　　她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

　　She will give whoever needs help a warm support.

　　凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。 6．注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句

　　根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：

　　I know he studies English every day.(从句用一般现在时)

　　I know he studied English last term.(从句用一般过去时)

　　I know (that) he will study English next year.

　　(从句用一般将来时)

　　I know he has studied English since 1998.

　　(从句用现在完成时)

　　当主句动词是过去时态(could，would除外)，从句则要用

　　相应的过去时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来

　　时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，

　　则从句仍用现在时态。例如：

　　The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America. 7.think，believe，imagine，suppose，expect，fancy，

　　imagine等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句

　　中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句

　　中。例如：

　　We don’t think you are here.我们认为你不在这。

　　I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。

　　注意：若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转

　　移。例如：

　　I hope you weren’t ill.

　　我想你没有生病吧。 8．注意区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句。例如：

　　I don’t know if he will come.(宾语从句)

　　If he comes，I’ll let you know.(条件状语从句) 三、表语从句

　　在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词

　　与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动

　　词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 ＋ 系动词

　　＋ that从句。例如： The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That’s just what I want.这正是我想要的。 This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。 需要注意的是，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. Module 7　 Unit 19　Language　

　　重点单词 1．absence n．不存在，缺乏

　　精讲拓展

　　in sb.’s absence在某人不在的时候

　　absence from离开，缺席

　　in the absence of不存在，缺

　　be absent from不在，缺席

　　absent­minded adj.

　　茫然的，心不在焉的，心神不定的 典型例句 Carolin will be in charge of the office during my absence. 我不在的时候，办公室由卡罗琳负责。[朗文当代] She has had repeated absences from work this year. 今年她屡屡旷工。[剑桥高阶] In the absence of any further evidence the police were unable to solve the murder. 由于缺乏更确实的证据，警方破不了这宗谋杀案。[朗文当代]

　　Absence makes the heart grow fonder.别离情更深。[谚语] ①She told the story with a complete________of any

　　humour，which made us disappointed.

　　A．sense

　　B．absence

　　C．appearance

　　D．attendance

　　解析：考查名词辨析。句意为：她毫无幽默地讲了这

　　个故事，这让我们感到很失望，由后半句“我们很失

　　望”，可知道故事讲的不成功，缺乏幽默。A项sense of

　　humour“幽默感”，不符合题意；appearance“外貌”和

　　attendance“参加”均不符合题意。

　　答案：B 即学即用 2．surround vt.环绕，围绕 (常用被动语态)n.装饰

　　精讲拓展

　　surround sth.with sth.用……把……围绕起来

　　surround oneself with sth.……的氛围

　　典型例句

　　She was sitting on the floor surrounded by the books.

　　她坐在地板上，周围都是书。[朗文当代]

　　Mystery still surrounds the exact circumstances of Stalin’s

　　death.

　　斯大林去世的确切情况仍是迷雾重重。[剑桥高阶]

　　The old fireplace has a very attractive surround.

　　这老式壁炉有一圈很好看的装饰。[朗文当代]

　　The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings.

　　那所房子所处的环境非常优美。[朗文当代] 即学即用 ②A child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence

　　less than one who lives in rich and varied________.

　　A．places of interest

　　B．surroundings

　　C．surrounding

　　D．customs

　　解析：考查词语辨析。句意为：生活在枯燥乏味的环境下的孩子的智

　　力远赶不上生活在丰富多变的环境下的孩子。place of interest“名

　　胜”；surroundings“环境”；surrounding为形容词“周围的 ”；

　　customs“海关；习惯”。故B项符合题意。

　　答案：B ③When Mr.Brown got off the train，he found himself ________ by his

　　students.

　　A．surround

　　B．to surround

　　C．surrounding

　　D．surrounded

　　解析：考查surround 的非谓语形式。句意为：当布朗先生下火车

　　时，他发现自己被学生包围着。宾语补足语和宾语之间是被动关系，

　　故用过去分词。

　　答案：D 3．adequate adj.胜任的，足够的，充分的；适当的