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人教版2017高考英语全套解析一轮复习课件:语法精要4 形容词和副词

发布时间:2017-02-27  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  (5)用介词by表示相差的程度。如: She is taller than I by three inches. =She is three inches taller than I. 她比我高3英寸。 (6)同一个人或同一事物的两种性质的比较,用more...than...结构,意为“与其……不如……”。如: John is more diligent than clever. 与其说约翰聪明,不如说他勤奋。 (7)用比较级表示最高级意义的常见句型。 ①比较级+than+any other+单数名词/any of the other+复数名词/any of the others/anyone else/anybody else/anything else/all the others/all the other+复数名词

  He studies harder than any other student in our class. 他是班里学习最用功的学生。 ②No other+单数名词/No one/None/Nobody+比较级+than… No other student in the class is taller than he. 他是班里最高的同学。 ③主语+否定式谓语(含not或never)+比较级 It can't be worse.(=It's the worst thing I've ever known.) 这是我知道的最糟糕的事情。

  (8)注意比较结构中的省略现象 在日常交际中,彼此都明白的比较对象往往省略。如: -What do you think of the film? -I have never seen a better one.(后边省略了than this film) Tom's composition,if not better(后边省略了than Jack's),is at least as good as Jack's. (9)貌似比较级的一些固定习惯用语 More than one student was given away a ticket to the concert. 不止一个学生被发给了去观看音乐会的票。 He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema. 他宁愿待在家里,也不愿意去看电影。 3.最高级 (1)最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。如: The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。 I'd like to buy the second most expensive camera. 我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。 (2)否定词+比较级=最高级。如: There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 4.表示倍数的句型: (1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B (2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B (3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height等)+of+B (4)A is+倍数+that+of+B (5)A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句

  如:他的收入是她的三倍:

  He earns twice more than her. He earns three times as much as her. He earns three times the money that she does. The money he earns is three times that of hers. He earns three times what she does. 5.表示不定数量的词语: a lot of/lots of许多,大量(修饰可数或不可数名词);a great deal of许多,很多(修饰不可数名词);a large amount of大量的(修饰不可数名词); a large quantity of/quantities of很多;大量(修饰可数或不可数名词);a little一些(修饰不可数名词);a bit of一些(修饰不可数名词);a great many很多(修饰可数名词);a large/great number of许多的,大量的,相当于large/great numbers of,后面跟可数名词复数形式。 ①I took a great deal of trouble to finish the work. 我费了好大的劲才完成这项工作。 ②A large amount of food was sent to the disaster areas. 大量的食品被运往灾区。 ③It's cheaper to buy goods in quantity/in large quantities. 大批量购货较便宜。

  ④A good many students in our class are fond of pop music. 我们班里有些学生喜欢流行音乐。 ⑤A large number of boys are in the next room. 很多男孩在隔壁。 6.有些副词还可以作连词,作副词时常放在句末。 如:though,(ever)since,in case等 He is old.He works hard,though.=Though he is old,he works hard. 虽然他年事已高,但他工作还是很努力。 7.有些副词置于句首可修饰全句,作评注性状语。 如:obviously,naturally,surprisingly等 Fortunately,he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 幸运的是,他没被淹死,被解放军给救了。 Happily for her,her stepmother was kind to her. 高兴的是,她的继母对她很好。 1.扩大词汇量,准确辨析词义。 形容词和副词含义丰富,运用灵活,掌握足够量的词汇,并且熟知它们的含义和用法是非常重要的。对于形容词和副词的学习,要做到“词不离句,句不离文”,注意一词多义。对于同义词和近义词要分类记忆,区分其含义。拼写复杂,记忆难度大的高级词汇也常常是考查的重点。例如: It is very________

  of you to notice that detail straightaway. A.sharp B.enthusiastic C.eager

  D.aware [解析]高考经常考查形容词词义辨析,特别是熟词的生义和多义词。sharp“灵敏的,敏锐的,机警的,锋利的,尖刻的,尖的”;enthusiastic“热心的,热情的”;eager“渴望的,热切的”;aware“知道的,明白的,意识到的”。句意:你真机灵,一下子就注意到这一细节。 [答案]A

  2.寻找隐含信息,使用比较级和最高级。 高考试题对比较级和最高级的考查要求越来越高,而答案信息也越来越隐蔽。题目中通常不能看到than等的提示词,而是需要从语境中体会。例如: (2010·上海春招)Ernest visited the South Pole because he wanted to see one of the ________regions in the world. A.colderB.coldest C.more coldly

  D.most coldly [解析]句意:Ernest去了南极,因为他想要看看世界上最冷的地方。从in the world可知这里应该用最高级the coldest,故选B项。 [答案]B 3.分析句子成分,正确使用特殊句型。 做语法题目时首先要分清句子结构,判断句子成分,如果是作定语、表语或补足语,一般应用形容词;如果作状语,修饰谓语动词、形容词或副词,一般应用副词。同时要分清句子结构,看看该句应用原级、比较级还是最高级。同时要正确使用含有形容词比较级的特殊句型和倍数句型。例如:

  The house rent is expensive.I've got about half the space I had at home and I'm paying________ here. A.as three times much B.as much three times C.much as three times

  D.three times as much [解析]表示倍数、分数或百分数的短语要放在as...as...或形容词比较级的前面。as much后面省略了as I did at home。 [答案]D 4.体会主语特征,注意形容词作状语。 通常情况下副词作状语修饰动词、形容词或副词,但形容词也可作状语,通常表示主语所处的状态。如:

  (2010·北京朝阳期中)They came back from their long walk and went into bed,________. A.tiredly but relaxing B.tired but relaxing

  C.tiredly but relaxed D.tired but relaxed [解析]句意:他们长途散步回来后上床休息,累了但却很放松。tire和relax都是及物动词,分别意为“使人疲劳”;“放松”,这里是形容词作状语说明主语的特征。 [答案]D

  语法精要四 形容词和副词

  1.形容词的位置 1 修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时,放其后。 nobody absent,everything possible 2 以­able,­ible结尾的形容词可置于最高级或only修饰的名词之后。 the best book available,the only solution possible 3 alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置。 the only person awake 4 和空间、时间单位连用时,可后置。 a bridge 50 metres long

  5 成对的形容词可以后置。 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容词短语一般后置。 a man difficult to get on with 2.多个词修饰同一个名词时的排序 代词 数词 性状形容词 冠词前的形容词 冠词 指示代词 不定代词 代词所有格 序数词 基数词

  性质状态

  大小 长短 形状

  新旧 温度

  颜色

  国籍产地

  材料质地 名词

  all both such the this another your second next one four

  beautiful good poor large good poor new cool black yellow Chinese London silk stone  3.复合形容词的构成 1 形容词+ 名词+­ed kind­hearted 6 名词+形 容词 world­famous 2 形容词+ 形容词 dark­blue 7 名词+ 现在分词 peace­loving 3 形容词+现 在分词 ordinary­ looking 8 名词+过 去分词 snow­covered 4 副词+现 在分词 hard­working 9 数词+名词 +­ed three­legged 5 副词+过 去分词 newly­built 10 数词+ 名词 twenty­year 二、形容词与副词的基本用法 1.形容词的作用 (1)用作定语,一般置于所修饰的名词之前;但当修饰由不定代词one,no,any,some和every构成的复合词,如anything,something时,通常放在所修饰的词后。如:

  She is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。 I have something interesting to tell you. 我有一些有趣的事情要告诉你。 (2)用作表语,与系动词be,grow,get,become,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,turn,remain等连用。如: The desk is clean. 这张桌子是干净的。 The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。 (2)用作表语,与系动词be,grow,get,become,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,turn,remain等连用。如: The desk is clean. 这张桌子是干净的。 The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。 (5)作状语,表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。如: He went to bed,cold and hungry. 他上床睡觉,感觉又冷又饿。 Mr.White stared into the distance,speechless for a moment. 怀特先生凝视着远方沉默了一会儿。 2.副词的作用 (1)副词一般在句中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如: He had worked hard all his life.(修饰动词) 他一生都努力工作。 He is very diligent.(修饰形容词) 他非常勤奋。

  You can find books on that subject quite easily.(修饰副词) 你能很容易地找到关于那个科目的书。 Luckily she was in when I called.(修饰句子) 幸运的是当我打电话的时候她在。 (2)副词还可作表语。如: One of the trees is down.一棵树倒掉了。 The train is not in yet.火车还没进站。

  (3)有时副词还可用作定语,一般放在所修饰词的后面,也可放在前面。如: The population here is getting smaller and smaller. 这里的人口数量越来越少。 On my way home,I saw an old lady. 我在回家的路上看见了一个老太太。 (4)副词也可以构成复合宾语。如: I saw you out with Mr.Wang yesterday. 我昨天看见你跟王先生出去了。 (5)表示位置的副词常与动词构成短语,表示特定的意思。如:pick out,turn up,think over等。 三、形容词和副词比较级、最高级的构成 1.单音节形容词以及少数以­er,­ow结尾的双音节形容词和副词加­er/­est。如:great,narrow,fast,clever。 2.以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以­ble,­ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后,加­r/­st。如:large,able,simple。

  3.以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节形容词,其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要双写,然后加­er/­est。如:hot,big。 4.以辅音字母加­y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加­ly构成的副词要将y改为i,再加­er/­est。如:easy,heavy,early。 5.一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most。如:beautiful,careful。

  6.少数单音节形容词也加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如:tired,pleased。 7.下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法。 cruel,crueler,cruelest/more cruel,most cruel often,oftener,oftenest/more often,most often strict stricter,strictest/more strict,most strict friendly friendlier,friendliest/more friendly,most friendly 8.下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成是不规则的。 good,well better   

  best bad ,ill

  worse

  worst many,much

  more

  most little

  less

  least far

  farther,further/farthest,furthest

  old

  elder, older/eldest,oldest 9.多音节形容词和副词在变为比较级或最高级时,在前边加more,most,也可加less,least,这两种方式所构成的比较级和最高级意思相反。如: Of the two toys,he chose the more expensive. 在两个玩具中,他选择了较贵的那一个。 Of the two toys,he chose the less expensive. 在两个玩具中,他选择了不太贵的那一个。 四、表语形容词

  1.表语形容词(如:afraid,alone,awake,asleep,alive,alike,ashamed,well,sorry,unable,worth,sure)并非只能作表语,它们还可以作补足语,有的还可作后置定语(一般不作前置定语)。如: The old man was the only person awake at the moment. 这位老人是当时唯一醒着的人。

  2.以字母a开头的形容词不可直接用very来修饰。如: very much alone非常孤单的 very much afraid很害怕的 fast asleep熟睡的 greatly ashamed非常害羞的 但有时也说very alike非常相像。

  3.以字母a开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时,可以用作前置定语。如: a somewhat afraid soldier一个有些害怕的战士

  the wide awake soldiers十分清醒的士兵 五、形容词作状语 形容词作状语修饰名词或代词,而不修饰动词。如: He lay in bed,wide awake. 他躺在床上,十分清醒。 He returned home,safe and sound. 他回到家,安然无恙。 六、常见结构 1.平级比较 (1)用as...as,not as/so...as,the same as,such...as引导。如: Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is). =Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is). =Henry is such a good worker as Peter(is). Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。 It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。

  (2)as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词,但表示强调。如: The building is

  as tall as 100 meters.=The building is 100 meters tall. The well is as deep as 130 meters.=The well is 130 meters deep. The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as$400. 在那个国家里一天的平均住院费用可高达400美元。

  (3)貌似同等程度比较结构的一些习惯用语 英语中有些看似是同等程度的比较结构,实际上它们是一些固定的习惯用语,它们是:as long as只要,有……之久;as far as到……地点,就……而言;as soon as一……就;as well as既……又;as good as(=very nearly)与……几乎一样,几乎,简直。如: I will work as(so)long as I live. 只要活着,我就要工作。 He has experience as well as knowledge. 他既有知识又有经验。(注意此句翻译的顺序) 2.比较级 (1)比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit,three times等。如: The students study even harder than before. 学生们学习比以前更努力了。 A car runs a great deal faster than a bike. 汽车比自行车跑得快得多。 (2)“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……越……”。如: The more tickets you sell,the more money you will get. 你卖的票越多,你得到的钱就越多。 The longer you stay,the better(it will be). 你待的时间越长越好。

  (3)比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越……”。如: The new city becomes more and more beautiful. 这个新城市变得越来越美丽了。 (4)the+比较级+of the two+名词,表示“两个中较……的”。如: The taller of the two boys is my brother. 那两个男孩中较高的是我的哥哥。

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