2017届广东北师大版高考总复习（第1轮）英语：Module8 Unit24《Society》（2）

　　世界与环境(读写任务)

　　环境问题影响着人们的工作，学习，生活等，而我们的工作，生活，生产等又使环境污染越来越严重，如何保护我们的环境成为人们最为关注的话题之一。

　　涉及此话题的读写任务，常常涉及：1.世界范围内环境污染的原因，如水污染越来越严重、砍伐森林严重、大气污染严重、白色垃圾、人口增加等。 考生应该意识到最为本质的原因是人类活动。2. 环境问题给人们带来的危害，其中包括自然灾害问题。3. 如何应对环境问题，政府、个人应该做些什么。以及绿色生活、珍惜水资源、使用再生资源、实现经济可持续发展、创建绿色学校等问题。

　　实用表达：

　　in the long run 从长远看来

　　greenhouse effect 温室效应 water shortage 水资源短缺 be unfriendly to the environment 对环境不利 ruin the environment 破坏环境 litter collection and disposal 垃圾的回收和处理 be in short supply 供应不足 make every citizen aware that 使每个人都意识到…… call on the efforts from all sides

　　号召各个方面做出努力

　　utilize the natural resources 利用自然资源

　　sustainable development 可持续发展

　　Everyone should take the responsibility to protect the environment./ It's everyone's duty to protect the environment.

　　保护环境，人人有责。

　　raise the awareness of environmental protection

　　提高环保意识

　　conserve natural habitats 保护生存环境

　　take effective measures; effective measures should be taken / adopted

　　采取有效措施

　　take active measures to protect rare animals

　　采取积极措施保护珍稀动物

　　environment­friendly products 环保产品

　　Gone forever are not only…， but… 永远失去的不仅是……，还有……

　　阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

　　Science Daily (Jan. 31, 2009) — Scientists from the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) have selected 262 European observatories which analyzed the series of (minimum and maximum) daily temperatures from 1955 to 1998 to estimate trend variations in extreme temperature events. According to the study, in Europe days of extreme cold are decreasing and days of extreme

　　heat increasing, from 0.5℃ to 1℃ in the average minimum temperature, and from 0.5℃ to 2℃ in the average maximum temperature.

　　Continuous rises in annual temperatures in certain areas lead to “changes in the environment and significant increases in the frequency of values considered extreme temperatures”. To reach this conclusion, the scientists worked with 135 stations with

　　a daily series of minimum temperatures and 127 stations with a daily series of maximum temperatures, located in 34 European countries.

　　During the 44 years of analysis, the researchers recorded extreme cold events (between the months of November and March) and extreme heat events (from June to September) noting a slight decrease in days of extreme cold and increase in days of extreme heat.

　　The decrease in days of extreme cold and increase in days of extreme heat are due to both local and global factors, according to the scientists. Some of them include the heat produced in cities or the change in the general circulation of the atmosphere which directly determines extreme temperature events.

　　Apart from their direct relationship with climate change, extreme temperatures (minimum and maximum) particularly affect human health.

　　【写作内容】

　　1．以约30个词概括短文的内容要点；

　　2．以约120个词就“极端天气频繁”的主题发表看法，内容包括：

　　(1)分析极端天气出现的原因；

　　(2)极端天气对人类健康的影响；

　　(3)人类应如何应对？

　　【写作要求】

　　可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得引用原文中的句子。

　　该篇读写任务所给文章是一则资讯报道，属于说明文文体。文章告诉我们(According to the study) in Europe days of extreme cold are decreasing and days of extreme heat increasing以及这个问题产生的原因The decrease…are due to both local and global factors. Some of them include the heat produced in cities or the change in the general circulation of the atmosphere. 所以在进行概括时，我们首先阐述文章所说明的问题，然后再概括原因。

　　正文部分，三个要点所占篇幅部分伯仲。要点(1)和(2)属于现象和影响的分析，属于说明文文体，应该用一般现在时来写。我们要意识到全球变暖是导致极端天气出现的主要原因，所以对于要点(1) “极端天气出现的原因”，我们可以从导致全球变暖的原因的角度来思考，比如：滥伐树木，人类活动大量排放二氧化碳等多种温室气体等。极端天气对某些传染疾病的传播起到推波助澜的作用，极端天气会导 致极端高温，对人体健康最直接的影响是发病率和死亡率的升高，这些都是极端天气对人类健康的影响(要点2)。 所以我们要减少二氧化碳的排放，植树造林，保护地球的气候，阻止其继续恶化，是我们的共同责任(要点3)。

　　According to the passage, extreme temperatures happen much more frequent than ever before in European countries. These are largely due to the heat produced in cities and the circulation of the atmosphere. Reasons for extreme temperatures are varied. For one thing, human's activities like burning fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide, which make the globe warmer, causing the global temperature to go up. For another, people's cutting down trees that can absorb large quantities of

　　carbon dioxide for furniture also contributes to the warmth of the earth, which gives rise to extreme temperatures. Extreme temperatures can do a lot of harm to people's health. The heatwave or the high temperatures can cause stress, worsening of diseases and even death, especially among children and old people.

　　Therefore, to cope with the extreme temperatures, the most effective way is a global effort to reduce

　　emissions of greenhouse gases. Individuals should use less energy, plant more trees and recycle materials because everyone's contribution counts.

　　阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

　　Lakes, rivers and the air in many places in China are still polluted, some seriously, in spite of continuous efforts to control pollution, a Chinese environmental official said on Tuesday.

　　Zhang Lijun, Deputy Minister of Environmental Protection，said environmental protection departments across the country should press enterprises harder on pollution control.

　　The quality of the water sampled in almost a quarter of the monitoring stations set up along major rivers and in 28 major lakes averaged at level Ⅵ，which is too polluted to be used even for farm irrigation, while the air quality of 39.5 percent of 320 cities of prefecture level and above averaged level Ⅲ or worse，according to a document circulated at the meeting.

　　The Ministry of Environmental Protection was considering a policy to deprive polluting enterprises from enjoying favorable treatment in subsidies and taxation, usually given by investment­seeking local governments.

　　Last year, 156 projects with a total investment of 473.7 billion yuan (US$69.28 billion) failed environmental evaluations due to potentially high energy

　　consumption and pollution emissions，including many chemical and coal­burning plants.

　　In 579 projects that passed the evaluation，with a total investment of

　　2.4 trillion yuan, clean production technology and facilities had been used to ensure the reduction of pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide，Zhang said.

　　【写作内容】

　　1．以约30词概括所阅读短文的主要内容；

　　2．以约120词就“经济的可持续发展”发表看法，内容包括：

　　(1)请举例描述许多工厂或企业为了经济利益不顾环保；

　　(2)你对这些工厂或企业的看法；

　　(3)请就“发展经济不应以牺牲环境为代价”展开论述。

　　【写作要求】

　　作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

　　One possible version:

　　As lakes，rivers and air in most places are still seriously polluted，Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection is considering a policy to urge the enterprises to take measures to stop pollution.

　　To make a greater profit and save the expenses on environment facilities, many factories go against the law of protecting the environment. Some of them pour dirty

　　waste water directly into rivers, making the rivers not only undrinkable but also unusable. Others release poisonous gases into the air, causing residents to suffer a lot.

　　In my opinion, economic development should not be at the expense of the environment. Sustainable development should be adopted.

　　Without a sustainable environment, a country's raw

　　natural resources will be greatly reduced. Furthermore, without a healthy environment, how are people supposed to live? Therefore, stop doing such things as benefit us now but harm us later. We don't want future generations to suffer for our benefit. Part 2 Of 2 9. preserve vt. 保护,维护；保存；储存；维持

　　Mr. Black was anxious to preserve his reputation.

　　布莱克先生急于维护自己的名声。

　　A few of his early poems are preserved.

　　他早期的一些诗歌被保存了下来。

　　Fish are preserved in ice and salt until they

　　are sold.

　　鱼出售前都存放在冰盐里。 preserve n. (某人群或工作等的)专门领域； 果酱；泡菜；野生动物保护区 preservation n. 保存；维护；保养程度 preservable adj. 可保存的；可储藏的 preservative n. &

　　adj. 防腐剂,保护剂；

　　有保护能力的 preserver n. 保护者；保护用具；私人保留地 preserve sth. / sb. from保全,使继续存活,保护 They were determined to preserve their leader

　　from humiliation. 他们决心保护他们的领导人免受侮辱。 1. 应该小心保护视力。

　　_____________________________________

　　用preserve的适当形式填空 2. All the paintings were in an excellent state of

　　_____________. Eyesight should be carefully preserved. preservation 3. The police are the __________ of law and order. 4. What you see here is a perfectly ____________

　　13th-century house. 5. This kind of juice contains no artificial

　　_______________. preservers preserved preservatives 10. more than 不仅仅,不只是

　　Yao Ming is more than a basketball player.

　　姚明不仅仅是一个篮球运动员。 ① more than+数量词,表示“……以上，多于”。

　　More than 300 workers were involved in

　　strikes last month.

　　上个月有300多名工人参与了罢工。 ② more than+动词,表示“十分,非常”。

　　What he said more than disappointed me.

　　他所说的话使我非常失望。 ③ more than+形容词或副词,表示“十分，不

　　止，简直”。

　　If you tell your father what you’ve done, he’ll

　　be more than happy.

　　如果你把你所做的一切告诉你的父亲,他一定

　　十分高兴。 no more than 表示“不过，仅仅”。 more than…can / could,

　　意思是“不能”,表示否定意义。 more A than B,

　　意思是“与其说B,倒不如说A”。 It’s no more than ten minutes’ walk from the

　　station. 从车站走到这里仅仅只要10分钟。 The beauty of Hangzhou is more than words

　　can describe. 杭州之美是无法用语言描述的。 The child was more frightened than hurt. 这孩子的伤倒不算什么,只是受惊不小。 He always seemed old to me, more like

　　grandfather than like a father. 我总感到他长相见老,更像祖父而不像父亲。 1. 这样的寒冷人们远不能忍受。

　　__________________________________

　　__________________________________ 2. 与其说我父亲是个作家,倒不如说他是个

　　政治家。

　　__________________________________

　　__________________________________ The cold was more than people could bear.

　　My father is more a politician than a writer. 11. consequence n. 结果,后果,结论；重要性

　　Nothing of consequence occurred today.

　　今天没什么重要的事发生。

　　as a / in consequence 结果

　　as a / in consequence of 由于,作为……的结果

　　of little / no consequence=not of any / much

　　consequence

　　不重要的,无足轻重的 take the consequences 后果自负,自作自受 If you behave so foolishly, you must be ready

　　to take the consequences. 如果你这样愚昧下去,你必须准备自食其果。 consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently adv. 因此,所以 1. 请考虑一下后果吧,你不应该那么快作决定。

　　___________________________________

　　___________________________________ 2. 这孩子浪费了太多时间,因此,他考试失败了。

　　___________________________________

　　___________________________________

　　___________________________________ Think of the consequences, please. You shouldn’t make a decision so quickly.

　　The boy wasted so much time and consequently / as a consequence, he failed in the exam.

　　3. 你的意见对我而言不重要。

　　__________________________________

　　__________________________________ 4. 他触犯了法律,现在必须承担自己的行为

　　带来的后果。

　　__________________________________

　　__________________________________ Your opinion is of little consequence to me.

　　He broke the law, and now he must take the consequences of his actions. 12. due ①adj. 由于,因为；与to搭配相当于owing to

　　His success is entirely due to hard work.

　　他的成功完全是努力工作的结果。 ②adj. 到期

　　The debt is due on March 5.

　　3月5日债务到期。 ③adj. 定于(某时)到达

　　The train is due at 9:10.

　　火车预定在9点10分到达。 ④adj. 预定，预期

　　Her baby is due next week.

　　她的宝宝预计在下个星期出世。 1. 他的病是由于工作过度引起的。

　　________________________________ 2. 由于暴风雨他来晚了。

　　________________________________ His illness was due to overwork.

　　He arrived late due to the storm. 13. do up ①修缮；整新；收拾

　　We bought an old house and are doing it up.

　　我们买了一栋旧房子,现正在加以整修。

　　He came and helped me do up my room.

　　他来帮助我收拾房间。 ②扣紧；绑紧

　　Will you do up this parcel for me?

　　请你替我把这个包裹捆一下好吗？

　　Do up the buttons on your shirt, Richard.

　　理查德,把你衬衫的纽扣扣好。 1. 在营地, 男孩们不得不自己打扫小屋。

　　___________________________________

　　___________________________________ 2. 她在淋浴前把头发盘起来。

　　___________________________________

　　___________________________________ At camp, the boys have to do up their own cabins. She did her hair up before taking a shower. 1. Sometimes we try to deposit a little or change

　　our money into different countries’ currencies

　　in the hope that we can make even more money.

　　有时候我们会存一些钱或将钱换成其他国家

　　的货币，希望能赚取更多的钱。

　　该句中in the hope that… 希望…… (that后是

　　同位语从句). 2. Surely we’re still better off than those who

　　wear rags and sleep on the streets or in vacant

　　buildings, but there is a growing resistance to

　　this consumer society which is especially

　　affecting the youth of today with their computers,

　　i-pods, designer clothes and mobile phones.

　　当然，我们仍旧比那些穿着破烂衣服， 睡在大街上或者空置房屋的人的生活要好 得多，但是现在的年轻人特别容易受到电 脑，苹果随身听，名牌服饰和移动电话的 影响，所以越来越多的人开始抵制这种消 费社会。

　　be better off 比较富裕

　　该句中who wear rags and sleep on the streets

　　or in…是个定语从句，修饰的先行词是those。

　　而which is especially affecting the youth of

　　today with their computers…是另一个定语从 句，修饰的先行词是society。 3. Protest groups are insisting that some of our

　　money be given to the third world.

　　反对派坚持认为我们的一些钱应给第三世界。

　　that some of our money be given to the third

　　world是insist的宾语,是一个宾语从句。其中

　　be动词前省略了should。动词insist在这里的

　　含义是“坚持,坚持要求”,所以用insist (that)

　　sb. (should) do sth.句型。 4. They were then able to place guards at the

　　entrances of the various hutongs, which made

　　it easier to keep an eye on people’s movements.

　　他们派卫兵把守着胡同的入口，这样做使

　　他们容易监视人们的举动。

　　which指代前面整个主句“They were then

　　able to place guards at the entrances of the various

　　hutongs”。which 可以引导一个非限制性定语 从句,指代位于其前的整个句子。

　　The earth moves around the sun, which is

　　well-known.

　　地球绕着太阳转,这是众所周知的。 5. Because the houses were built facing each

　　other around courtyards, the families who lived

　　there were an important part of each other’s lives.

　　四合院的房子门对门围绕院子四面建成，

　　所以生活在那里的人都成为彼此生活中密

　　不可分的一部分。

　　该句中，because 引导原因状语从句；

　　而who lived there 是定语从句，修饰的先行

　　词是families。 6. The hutongs not only link Beijing’s streets

　　and communities after all, but also its past

　　and present, showing that Beijing is truly an

　　ancient yet modern city.

　　胡同不仅联系着北京的街道和社区，还联

　　系着北京的现在和过去，它证明了北京的

　　确是一个古老而又现代的城市。

　　该句中，showing that…是现在分词作状语，

　　表原因。