【译林湖南版】2011高考英语一轮复习提能训练：Module 5 Unit 2《The environment》（含解析）

　　【译林湖南版】2011高考英语一轮复习提能训练

　　Module 5

　　Unit 2　The environmentⅠ.填词

　　For those who are concerned about pollution，clean and renewable energy sources that help to protect the environment such as solar energy are becoming possible alternatives to oil and coal.

　　Increasing demand for clean，renewable energy drives a growing market for solar energy products.Two of the main types of heating products that take advantage of solar energy are passive and active solar products.These two types of solar heating systems differ in how they are constructed and can also differ greatly in cost.Passive solar technology can be used to heat air or water directly using the sun’s energy.Unlike an active solar application，passive solar set-ups accomplish their task without the use of additional electrical components，such as fans that need an external electricity supply.Some solar space heating or water heating systems are active solar heating systems that have various components that require external power sources.However，they don’t use the solar energy directly to heat air or water.Because of their simplicity compared with active systems，passive solar heating systems generally have the lower cost of the two.

　　In addition to these solar heating systems，there are also solar power systems available.Rather than use the sun’s energy for heating applications，these systems change solar energy into electricity.These products are often constructed from hundreds of solar energy collection cells called photovoltaic cells，which generate electricity from light.As sunlight falls on a photovoltaic cell，the light’s energy is changed into electricity that can then be used to power many kinds of electronic devices.Because of the complicated technology involved，these kinds of solar power systems can be very expensive.However，the cost savings may eventually more than pay off your initial investment in the solar cells.

　　When considering what kind of solar heating or power system to install in your home or business，be sure that you are purchasing your equipment from a reputable manufacturer who will be able to help you with any necessary repairs，and periodic upgrades.

　　Title：__1__

　　__2__ clean

　　__3__

　　environmentally-friendly

　　__4__ __5__ using the sun’s energy directly ?without __6__

　　?simple Lower

　　cost

　　Active heating products using the sun’s energy indirectly ?with components requiring external power sources

　　?__7__ Higher

　　cost

　　Solar power systems changing solar energy into electricity ?constructed from __8__

　　?complicated Higher

　　cost

　　__9__ buy equipment from a reputa ble manufacturer →help repair the equipment if necessary

　　→help upgrade the equipment __10__

　　Ⅱ.简答题

　　Each day，thousands of Americans are called to serve on jury duty.The idea of citizens hearing legal(法律的)arguments might date back to the ancient Greeks and Egyptians.But the modern trial by jury is a British tradition that colonists brought to North America centuries ago.

　　Laws on jury trials differ from state to state.But the United States Constitution guarantees the right to trial by jury.The Sixth Amendment establishes the right in all federal criminal cases.The Seventh Amendment gives the same right in civil cases that involve more than a small amount of money.

　　The American system has three kinds of juries.The most common one is the petit jury.“Petit”—p-e-t-i-t—comes from the French word for small.Petit juries can have as few as five or six members or as many as twelve.Twelve is traditionally the number in a criminal case.

　　Often a jury trial will last only a day or two.But some go for weeks or even months.

　　During a trial，lawyers for the opposing sides question the witnesses who testify.The lawyers also make opening and closing statements to the jury.At the end，the judge makes a final statement to the jury.The judge explains the laws that govern the decision the jury is asked to make.

　　The jury then deliberates.The members meet in private，choose a leader and try to agree on a judgment.Most states require all the jurors in a criminal case to agree on the verdict(裁决)．

　　Sometimes a jury is unable to reach a verdict.This is called a hung jury.The judge declares a mistrial(无效审判)．Prosecutors then have to decide whether to try the case again.

　　A grand jury is bigger than a petit jury.The United States has two kinds of grand juries.The charging grand jury decides if there is enough evidence to bring someone to trial.If the jury decides there is，then it returns an indictment(公诉书)．

　　The second kind is the investigative grand jury.Officials often call this kind of grand jury together in cases of organized crime or suspected corruption by public officials.The jurors are asked to approve efforts to gather evidence，often secretly，to build a case.

　　Some investigations in the United States are heard by a coroner’s jury.A coroner is a local medical examiner.The coroner usually calls six jurors to a hearing known as an inquest.

　　An inquest takes place when someone has died under suspicious or unknown conditions.The jury is asked to decide the cause of death.

　　1．What is the most common jury in the American system？(no more than 4 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　2．How many members does a petit jury have in a criminal case traditionally？(Answering in

　　numbers)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　3．What will a judge do when announcing the results if it is a hung jury？(no more than 5 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　4．What grand juries are included in the American system？(no more than 9 words)________________________________________________________________________

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　In only two decades Asian Americans have become the fastest growing U．S.minority.As their children began moving up through the nation schools，it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was emerging.Their achievements are reflected in the nation’s best universities，where mathematics，science and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian character.This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their education abroad arrived in the U．S.with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English.They are also influenced by the promise of a good job after college.Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively.And the return on the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with an arts degree.

　　Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer.An effective measure of parental attention is homework.Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do，and it helps.Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that makes success，such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education.

　　Both explanations for academic success worry Asian Americans because of fears that they feed a typical racial image.Many can remember when Chinese，Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the victims of social isolation(隔离)．Indeed，it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship.

　　1．With making outstanding achievements at college，Asian-American students ________.

　　A．feel they are mistreated because of limited knowledge of English

　　B．are afraid that their academic successes are not recognized

　　C．still worry about unfair treatment in society for their origin

　　D．generally feel it a shame to have to depend on their parents

　　2．What are the major factors that determine the success of Asian Americans？　

　　A．A solid foundation in basic mathematics and Asian culture.

　　B．Hard work and intelligence.

　　C．Parents’ help and a limited knowledge of English.

　　D．Asian culture and the American educational system.

　　3．Few Asian American students major in human sciences mainly because ________.

　　A．their English is not good enough

　　B．they are afraid they might meet with unfair judgment in these areas

　　C．there is a wide difference between Asian and Western cultures

　　D．they know little about American culture and society

　　4．Why do “both explanations”(Para.3) worry Asian Americans?

　　A．They are afraid that they appear of typical Asian characteristics.

　　B．People will think that Asian students rely on their parents for success.

　　C．Asian Americans will be a threat to other minorities.

　　D．Americans fear the academic achievements made by Asian Americans.　

　　5．Before 1952 in America，________.

　　A．Asian Americans could not be academically successful

　　B．there were few immigrants from East and Southeast Asia

　　C．immigrants were not equally treated by Asian Americans

　　D．immigrants from East and Southeast Asia were looked down upon

　　Unit 2　The environment

　　Ⅰ.

　　1．Solar energy application　2.Solar energy’s advantages　3.renewable

　　4．Solar heating products　5.Passive heating products　6.additional electrical components　7.complicated　8.photovoltaic cells　9.Advice/Tips　10.periodically

　　Ⅱ.

　　1．The petit jury.

　　2．twelve或12.

　　3．He will declare a mistrial.

　　4．The charging grand jury and the investigative grand jury.

　　Ⅲ.

　　【解题导语】 在短短二十年的时间里，亚裔美国人就成了增长最快的少数民族。他们的孩子学习成绩优异，这可能与他们的家教有关，然而正是这让家长担心他们所培养出的典型种族形象会招致社会隔离。

　　1．解析：细节推断题。文章第三段第一句明确指出，他们担心具有典型的种族形象也就是与众不同。下面又说到亚裔移民以前是社会隔离的牺牲品。因此C项 “仍然担心社会的不公正对待” 为正确答案。

　　答案：C

　　2．解析：细节理解题。亚裔美国人成功的主要因素是数学基础坚实，亚洲文化历来重视教育。文章前两段分析了亚裔学生主要在理工科方面学业突出的原因，即有坚实的数学基础和父母的言传身教。B项也是成功的因素之一，但文章并未提到；C项中 “a limited knowledge of English” 不是主要原因；D项中的

　　“the American educational system” 为所有学生提供的机会是均等的，不是亚裔学生成功的根本原因。

　　答案：A

　　3．解析：细节理解题。亚裔学生很少主修人文科学是因为担心会受到不公平对待。根据文章第一段倒数第二句 “Asians feel...like mathematics and science because...more objectively” 可推断，对人文科学成就的评价带有主观因素，因而更容易受到不公正对待。选项A、C、D并不是主要原因。

　　答案：B

　　4．解析：从最后一段判断，亚裔美国学生担心自己的突出成就会使自己再次成为社会孤立的对象，这是因为他们的成功是按照亚洲人的教育方式以及受到父辈影响所取得的，被深深地打上了亚洲文化特征的烙印。因此选项A为正确答案。

　　答案：A

　　5．解析：细节推断题。文章最后说，直到1952年政府才颁布法律承认所有亚洲移民的公民资格，才享受平等的待遇。至于说当时亚裔人没有学术上的成功、当时移民少都是毫无根据的。

　　答案：D