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2017届高考英语一轮复习教案:7.4《Sharing》(人教版选修7)

发布时间:2017-02-23  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  Unit 4 Sharing

  教 材 面 面 观

  单词拓展

  1.________adj.泥泞的;泥土般的 ________n.泥;泥浆

  2.________adj.有关的;切题的 ________adv.有关地 ________n.关联;贴切

  3.________adj.遥远的;偏僻的 ________adv.遥远的,间接地

  4.________vi. & vt.调整;(使)适合 ________adj.可调整的 ________n.调整;调节;校正

  5.________vt. & vi.嗅;闻;用鼻子吸 ________n.嗅探者;嗅探器 ________adj.轻蔑的

  6.________vi.参与;参加; ________n.参与;参加;分享

  7.________conj.否则;不然 adv.用别的方法;其他方面

  8.________n.特权;特别优待 ________adj.有特权的;特许的 ________n.享受特权者

  9.________n.安排;排列 ________vt. & vi.安排,整理

  10.________vt.烤(面包等);敬酒 n.烤面包(片);吐司面包;干杯 ________n.烤面包器;祝酒的人

  11.________vt.捐赠;________n.捐赠者 ________n.捐赠;捐赠物;捐款

  12.________adj.自愿的;志愿的;无偿的 ________n.志愿者 ________adv.自愿地;志愿地

  13.________vt. & n.买;购买 ________adj.可买的;买得到的

  14.________vt.分配;分发 ________n.分配;分发;分布状态

  15.________vi.工作;运转 vt.操作 ________n.操作;运转;手术 ________n.操作人员短语回顾1.hear________接到……的信

  2.the________day

  不久前的一天

  3.dry________

  (指河流、井等)干涸

  4.adapt________

  适应

  5.to be________

  诚实地说

  6.get________

  通过

  7.(be)________to

  极想;渴望

  8.dry________

  (使浸水等之物)完全变干;干透

  9.in________

  在困难中;在危急中

  10.stick________

  伸出句型背诵1.But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I ________ visit a village that was the home of one of the boys, Tombe.

  但是上个周末,我和另一个老师,珍妮,确实拜访了一个村庄,其中一个男孩汤贝的家就在那里。

  2.To be________,I doubt________I'm________ ________ ________to these boys' lives at all.

  说实在的,我真的不知道我教的课是否让这些孩子的生活有所改变。

  3.The boys________had never________ ________anything like this before started________ ________ ________the windows.

  那些从未见过这种情况的男孩子们吓得都往窗外跳去。

  4.I know you're________ ________hear all about my life here...

  我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况……

  5.Tombe's father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo hut ________ out of the roof—this shows it's man's house.

  汤贝的父亲莫卡普领着我们到了他的房子,那是一间低矮的屋顶上长满草的小竹屋,这表明它是一个男人的房子。

  自我诊断

  单词拓展

  1.muddy;mud 2.relevant;relevantly;relevance 3.remote;remotely 4.adjust;adjustable;adjustment 5.sniff;sniffer;sniffish 6.participate;participation 7.otherwise 8.privilege;privileged;privileger 9.arrangement;arrange 10.toast;toaster 11.donate;donator;donation 12.voluntary;volunteer;voluntarily 13.purchase;purchasable 14.distribute;distribution 15.operate;operation; operator

  短语回顾

  1.from 2.other 3.up 4.to 5.honest 6.through

  7.dying 8.out 9.need 10.out

  句型背诵

  1.did 2.honest;whether;making any difference 3.who;come across;jumping out of 4.dying to 5.sticking

  考 点 串 串 讲

  重点单词1.relevant adj.有关的;切题的;有实际价值的

  ①His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.

  他的国籍与他是否是一位好律师无关。

  ②Any relevant information should be given to the police.

  任何有关的情况都必须汇报给警方。

  ●用法拓展

  (1)be relevant to与……有关

  (2)a relevant suggestion/question/point相关的提议/问题/观点

  (3)be irrelevant to sth./sb.与某人/物不相关

  (4)totally/completely/largely irrelevant完全/绝对/基本上无关紧要

  (5)irrelevant remarks不相关的言论

  (6)relevance n.关联,贴切,中肯

  (7)relevantly adv.有关地;切题地

  (8)irrelevant adj.无关的;不切题的

  This type of university course is no longer relevant to today's problem.

  这类大学课程与当今问题的关系而论已不再有实际价值。即境活用单项填空

  ①Madame, since you have witnessed the whole accident, why not tell us the ________ details?

  A.connectedB.further

  C.separated

  D.relevant

  ②The professor sometimes makes remarks that are not ________ to the topic.

  A.associate

  B.relevant

  C.dependent

  D.connect

  答案:①D ②B 

  2.purchase vt. & n.买,购买;购买的物品

  ①The purchase of a car should never be a hasty matter.

  购买汽车决不能匆忙行事。

  ②If you are not satisfied with your purchase, we will give you a full refund.

  所购之物若不合意,我们将全额退款。

  ③Please ensure that you purchase your ticket in advance.

  请您务必提前购票。

  ●用法拓展

  (1)purchase a new house买一栋新房子

  (2)get a house on a hire purchase分期付款购买房子

  (3)purchase price买价

  (4)make a purchase采购

  (5)proof of purchase购物凭证

  (6)purchase sth.(from sb.)向……采购

  (7)purchasing n.购买,采购

  (8)the company's purchasing manager采购经理

  (9)purchasing power购买力

  (10)purchaser n.购买人,采购人员,买主

  (11)on special purchase特价购买

  (12)purchase and sale买卖

  (13)leave sb. to his purchase让某人自谋生路

  (14)live on one's purchase自谋生计,自找活路

  ①They purchased life at the expense of honour.

  他们以牺牲名誉为代价换得了生命。

  ②People's purchasing power is going down in the economic crisis.

  在经济危机中,人们的购买力下降。

  ●特别提醒

  purchase可作动词,指“购买,努力取得,换得”;也可作名词,指“购买;购得物”。purchase比buy正式。即境活用单项填空

  He gave his son some money for the ________ of his school books.

  A.pressureB.purchase

  C.promotion

  D.practice

  答案:B 

  3.distribute vt.分发;分配

  This species of butterfly is widely distributed over our country.

  这种蝴蝶在我国分布很广。

  ●用法拓展

  (1)distribute v.分发=give out

  (2)spread散布

  (3)distribution n.分发;分配;分布状态

  ①They studied the geographical distribution of the disease.

  他们研究了该疾病的地理分布情况。

  ②Ross supervised the distribution of food and clothing to the flood victims.

  红十字会监督分配食物和衣物给水灾受害者。

  ●易混辨析

  assign, distribute和divide

  这些动词均含“分配,分发”之意。

  (1)assign指按照某种原则进行的硬性分配,也不一定是很公平的。

  (2)distribute通常指以整体或定量分为若干份来分配。

  (3)divide普通用词,侧重将某物分成若干份分配给他人,当某物一分为二时,含平均分配之意。即境活用单项填空

  ①The mayor will ________ the prizes among the winners.

  A.send B.spread

  C.distribute

  D.hand

  ②A much better way must be found to achieve an equal ________ of the resources.

  A.distribution

  B.contribution

  C.catalogue

  D.separation

  答案:①C ②A 

  4.operate vt.&vi.运转;操作;经营,管理;vi.开刀,(对……)动手术

  The doctor decided to operate at once.

  医生决定立刻动手术。

  No matter which machine he operates,he operates it carefully.

  不管他操作哪一台机器他都细心地操作。

  We still had to operate on a shoestring.

  我们仍得小本经营。

  ●用法拓展

  operate on给……做手术;产生作用

  operation n.操作,运转,经营;手术

  be in operation生效中

  come into operation生效

  bring sth. into operation使生效

  即境活用单项填空

  ①This is the patient________the famous doctor has just operated.

  A.whoB.whom

  C.on who

  D.on whom

  翻译句子

  ②The medicine will quickly operate on such patients.

  ________________________________________________________________________

  ③该计划何时开始生效?

  ________________________________________________________________________

  答案:①D 

  ②这种药很快就会在这种病人身上起作用。

  ③When does the plan come into operation?

  5.donate vt.&vi.捐赠,赠送

  He donated to cancer research.

  他捐款支持癌症的研究工作。

  They give a concert and donate the proceeds to charity.

  他们举办了一次音乐会,把收入捐给了慈善机构。

  More than 100 fighters hurried to the scene to donate their blood.

  有100多名战士赶到现场献血。

  ●用法拓展

  donate to捐赠;赠送

  ●易混辨析

  donate与contribute

  donate v.主要指捐物、捐钱。

  contribute v.①join in others in giving help,money,etc.(to a common cause,for a purpose)主要指和其他人一起捐物、捐钱,是其中的一部分。

  ②help to bring about;write(articles,etc)and send in还有“促成、投稿”等含义。即境活用完成句子

  He________(投稿)“21st Century” every month.

  答案:contributes to

  6.participate vi.参与,参加;分享,分担

  She actively participates in local politics.

  她积极参与本地政治活动。

  I participate in your suffering and joy.

  我跟你同甘共苦。

  ●用法拓展

  participate with sb. in sth.与某人分担……

  participate in sth.=take part in参加

  participate in sth. with sb.同某人参与某事

  participant n.参加者;共享者

  participation n.参与;分担;共享

  Everyone in the class is expected to participate in these discussions.

  希望全班同学参加这些讨论。

  ●易混辨析

  participate,attend,join和take part in

  ①participate正式用词,特指参加团体活动,暗示以一个积极的角色参加。

  ②attend侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等。

  ③join通用词,指加入党派、团体或游戏、活动等,join in指参加某项活动。

  ④take part in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工业或活动,突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。

  即境活用单项填空

  ①Students in our school are encourage to________more activities after class in order to broaden their knowledge.

  A.attend

  B.join

  C.take part

  D.participate in

  ②All of them thought it necessary that he________the meeting.

  A.attend

  B.join

  C.participate in

  D.take part in

  答案:①D ②A

  7.otherwise adv.用别的方法;在其他方面conj.否则,不然

  Do as you are told,otherwise,you'll be in trouble.

  叫你怎么做就怎么做,否则就有麻烦。

  You'd better go now,otherwise you'll miss your train.

  你最好现在就走,要不然就赶不上火车了。

  ●用法拓展

  ①otherwise用作副词,译作“要不然,否则,另外,别样;在其他方面;除此之外”

  ②otherwise conj.(并列连词,同or else)否则,不然(常与虚拟语气连用)

  ③otherwise adj.另外的,别样的;其他方面的

  ④短语or otherwise“或相反的”

  He is noisy,but otherwise a nice boy.

  他爱吵闹,但在其他方面却是个好孩子。

  He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.

  他提醒了我,要不然我就会把这件事给忘了。

  The model is old,but otherwise the car is satisfactory.

  这辆车除了车型老旧以外,别的都还令人满意。

  Do come earlier next time,otherwise you'll be punished.

  下次一定早点来,否则就惩罚你。

  Some are wise,some are otherwise.

  有些人贤明,有些人则不然。

  We welcome any comments from you,favorable or otherwise.

  我们欢迎你们的任何评论,赞成或不赞成的。

  ●温馨提示

  otherwise常用在虚拟语气中,替代非真实条件句;另外与其他副词、短语介词的区别也是高考的重点。

  即境活用单项填空

  ①Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer deaths and,________it is our duty to master it.

  A.altogether

  B.therefore

  C.otherwise

  D.however

  ②Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she________something she would regret later.

  A.had said

  B.said

  C.might say

  D.might have said

  答案:①B ②D 

  8.adjust v.调节;调整;使适合

  ●用法拓展

  adjust to(doing)sth.适应/习惯(做)某事

  adjust...to...使……适应于……

  make adjustments作调整

  adapt sth. to...使某物适合……

  adapt(oneself)to使某人自己适应

  ●特别提醒

  以上短语中to为介词,后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语而不能接动词不定式。

  即境活用

  单项填空

  ①After much deliberation,the president decided to________her suggestion.

  A.adopt

  B.adapt

  C.adjust

  D.admit

  ②After Kate arrived in Boston,she found it was far more difficult to________living on her own.

  A.rely on

  B.begin with

  C.center on

  D.adjust to

  答案:①A 句意为:“总经理再三考虑之后,决定采纳她的建议。”adopt“采纳,接受”,符合句意。而adapt“使适应,使适合”。admit“承认;准许入内”,adjust“调节,调整”均不符合句意,故选A。

  ②D rely on“依赖,依靠”;begin with“开始”;center on“使集中于……”;adjust to“适应”,由句意知D项正确。重点短语1.stick out伸出来,突出;竖起

  Your hair is sticking out in the back.

  你脑袋后面的头发竖起来了。

  The doctor asked him to stick his tongue out.

  医生叫他把舌头伸出来。

  What if I stick my head out the window?

  如果我把头伸出车窗外,怎么样?

  ●归纳延伸

  stick out坚持;断言

  stick out like a sore thumb显得十分不自然;惹人注目

  stick in坚持,努力;把……放入……;将……刺入……

  stick to遵守,坚持;紧跟;粘住

  get stuck抛锚;进入僵局即境活用单项填空

  ①He is a tall man with his chest________.

  A.stick outB.stuck out

  C.sticking out

  D.to stick out

  ②She saw a rude boy ________ his tongue out at his sister.

  A.sticking

  B.stuck

  C.to stick

  D.having stuck

  答案:①B ②A 

  2.for sure无疑

  The fighting was over for sure.

  战斗确实结束了。

  Do you know for sure that they will win?

  你肯定他们会赢吗?

  She won't dare do that again, and that's for sure.

  她不敢再干那事了,那是毫无疑问的。

  ●归纳延伸

  be sure of坚信,确信

  be sure to do一定要

  make sure把事情弄清楚,核实或查明某事物即境活用完成句子

  ①Our team will win the gold medal. That's ________(无疑).

  ②________(无疑)that our team will win the gold medal.

  答案:①for sure ②I'm sure 

  3.be dying to do...很想干某事,渴望干某事

  She was dying for a cigarette.

  她渴望一支香烟。

  I am dying for a visit to Disney wonderland.

  我真想去游览迪斯尼游乐场。

  She is dying to know where you have been.

  她渴望知道你到哪里去了。

  ●用法拓展

  be dying

  类似的结构还有:

  be eager

  hunger

  long

  即境活用翻译句子

  ①我非常想得到一盒巧克力。

  ________________________________________________________________________

  ②她非常想去看展览。

  ________________________________________________________________________

  答案:①I am dying for a box of chocolates.

  ②She was dying to see the exhibit.

  4.in need在困难中,在危急中

  We are collecting money for families in need.

  我们正在为有困难的家庭募捐。

  He is not in need of money.

  他不需要钱。

  ●用法拓展

  need doing(=need to be done )需要(被……)

  There's no need for sb. to do sth.没必要做某事

  be/stand in need of有……的需要

  at need紧急时,必要时

  have need of需要

  have need(to do something)需要/务必(做某事)

  There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.

  明天你不必早起。

  The flower needs watering.

  这花需要浇水。

  5.the other day不久前的一天;几天前

  ●用法拓展

  the other end/side另一端;另一边

  the other way/direction相反的路/方向

  in those days在过去;在那些日子里

  one day有一天,某日

  some day有朝一日

  these days如今,现今,眼下(尤指现在的情形,行为和以前有所不同)

  to this day至今;直到今天(=until now)

  ●特别提醒

  the other day意义相当于a few days ago,故多用于一般过去时中;in those days多指过去的一段时间,也用于一般过去时;one day可指过去也可指将来;some day只指“(在将来的)某一天”。these days多用于一般现在时。即境活用用所给动词的适当形式填空

  ①I________(see)her the other day.

  ②Some day I________(come)back and marry her.

  ③To this day,I still________(not know)why she did it.

  ④We________(wear)pearl necklace in those days.

  答案:①saw ②will come ③don't know ④wore

  重点句式

  1.Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on.

  新鲜的青草被铺在地板上,有一个新建的台子供我和詹妮睡觉。

  (1)lay,laid,laid vt.放,搁;下蛋

  lie,lay,lain vi.躺

  lie,lied,lied vi.撒谎

  A book was lying on the ground.Do you know who laid it there?

  地上有一本书。你知道是谁把它放在那的吗?

  (2)...there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on.在这句中to sleep on的逻辑宾语是platform,所以由于sleep为不及物动词,on不能省略。

  Can you find me a pen to write with?

  你能为我找一支钢笔来写字吗?

  Give him a chair to sit in.

  给他一把椅子坐。 即境活用单项填空

  ①He asked,“Can you find me a room________?”

  A.putting everything

  B.to put everything

  C.putting everything in

  D.to put everything in

  ②I have a letter________,so I will go to the post office.Do you have any________?

  A.to post;to post

  B.to be posted;to be posted

  C.to post;to be posted

  D.to be posted;to post

  答案:①D ②C 

  2.But last weekend another teacher,Jenny,and I did visit a village that was the home of one of the boys,Tombe.

  但是上个周末,我和另一个老师,珍妮,确实拜访了一个村庄,其中一个男孩汤贝的家就在那里。

  句中did表示语气的强调。“do/does/did+动词原形”可构成强调句,表示“的确;确实”。这种强调句中只有一般现在时和一般过去时,且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调,没有否定式和疑问式。do在句中要重读。注意在祈使句中使用时,往往不表示命令,而表示强烈的请求,有时表达更加客气的语气。如:

  Do be careful!千万要小心!

  I do hope you have a merry Christmas!

  衷心祝福你圣诞快乐!

  He does speak English well.

  他英语说的确实很好。

  They did go to see you yesterday,but failed to meet you.

  他们昨天的确去看过你,但没见到你。

  ●温馨提示

  ①强调谓语动词,过去时用did+动词原形,第三人称单数一般现在时用does+动词原形,其他人称一般现在时用do+动词原形。

  ②do用于祈使句时,可表达邀请对方的心意更加客气,亲切。

  ③在强调对比时经常使用。

  ④强调其他成分,通常是:it is/was+被强调部分(名词/代词/介词短语/连词从句等)+that。

  Do come in,please.

  别客气,请进。

  I did tell you,but you have forgotten it.

  我确实告诉你了,但是你忘了。

  It was at the air battle on June 8,1944 that Peter lost his life.

  就是在1944年6月8日的空战中,皮特牺牲了。即境活用单项填空

  ①An awful accident________,however,occur the other day.

  A.does

  B.did

  C.has to

  D.had to

  ②In my opinion,all Mr White________good to his students in his class at present.He is very strict in their study.

  A.does does does

  B.does did do

  C.does does do

  D.did do does

  答案:①B ②C 

  3.The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a contribution toward the lives of people who really need it.

  你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的,而是给那些确实有需要的人一项捐助。

  not..but...意思是“不是……,而是……”,连接两个表语。not...but...连接两个平行成分,当连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数按“就近一致”原则确定。

  I'm not a student but a teacher.

  我不是学生而是老师。

  He does not work but play all day.

  他整天不学习只是玩耍。

  ●用法拓展

  not only...but(also),either...or...,neither...nor...连接两个主语时,谓语动词按“就近一致”原则确定。as well as连接主语时,谓语动词按“就前一致”原则确定。

  Not he but you are wanted on the telephone.

  电话找的是你不是他。即境活用单项填空

  Not the teacher but the students________fond of watching football games.

  A.do

  B.does

  C.is

  D.are

  答案:D

  4.When I reach the school grounds there are lots of “good mornings” for me from the boys,many of whom have walked a long way,sometimes up to two hours,to get to the school.

  当我到学校时,孩子们都对我说:“早上好!”,这些孩子中许多人都是走了相当长的路,有时多达两小时赶来学校的。

  句中many of whom have walked a long way是定语从句,修饰the boys。名词,数词或代词+whom/which可以引导非限制性定语从句。如:

  Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,the price of which was very reasonable.

  最近我买了一个古老的中国花瓶,它的价格很合理。

  There're sixty students in my class,80% of whom are from the mountain villages.

  我的班里有60位学生,80%来自山村。知 能 层 层 练一、单项填空

  1.In China,people over sixty­five can enjoy some________in public places as long as they can provide their identifications.

  A.advantages B.good

  C.privileges

  D.welfare

  答案:C

  解析:privilege“特权,特别优待”;advantage“优点;长处”;good“好处;益处”;welfare“福利;幸福”。

  2.The desks and the chairs can be________the height of a child.

  A.added to

  B.adjusted to

  C.addicted to

  D.led to

  答案:B

  解析:adjust指借助正当的判断或熟练的技巧“调整;调节”,以使两者互相适应。

  3.The secretary should have all the________documents ready before the meeting begins.

  A.connected

  B.further

  C.separated

  D.relevant

  答案:D

  解析:relevant documents“相关的文件”。

  4.If most winners________a day's pay to the Hope Project,then it will be hopeful.

  A.leave

  B.present

  C.donate

  D.give

  答案:C

  解析:donate“捐赠”,根据题意知应是“捐出一天的所得”,故选C项。give是一般用语;present指正式地颁给某人或赠送礼物;leave“留下”。

  5.We didn't know you were in trouble at that time,________we would have given you a hand.

  A.therefore

  B.however

  C.otherwise

  D.though

  答案:C

  解析:otherwise是“否则”之意,暗含一种含蓄条件,其后的句子常采用虚拟语气。

  6.The children helped to carry their mother's________from the shop to their house.

  A.purchases

  B.matters

  C.commodity

  D.goods

  答案:A

  解析:purchase意为“购买物品”时为可数名词。

  7.We want to encourage students to________the running of the college.

  A.join

  B.attend

  C.participate in

  D.participate

  答案:C

  解析:participate“参加;参与”后接宾语时,需加介词in。join指“加入团体或组织并成为其中一员”;attend指“出席;参加”。

  8.We must save every drop of water in case the lake near the city________.

  A.will dry up

  B.dries up

  C.dries off

  D.will dry off

  答案:B

  解析:in case“万一;以防”,用来引导条件状语从句,通常用一般现在时表示一般将来,故排除A、D两项;dry off“弄干”;dry up“(河流、井等)干涸”。

  9.—A cup of coffee?

  —I hardly think so,________I am going to leave in about two minutes.

  A.though

  B.since

  C.unless

  D.while

  答案:B

  解析:since引导表示原因的从句,表示众所周知的原因,意为“既然;因为”。

  10.________I enjoy the book with some nice pictures,I don't have enough money to buy it.

  A.Since

  B.While

  C.As

  D.If

  答案:B

  解析:while在此引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”。since表示原因;if表条件;as引导让步状语时,从句中的表语、状语等需提前。

  二、用方框内所给词语的适当形式填空

  1.How long has it been since you last ________ your uncle?

  2.________ his nationality ________ whether he is a good lawyer?

  3.A bit more patience. Some day our luck will change ________.

  4.He ________ this letter when he was cleaning out his writing table.

  5.The house was out of repair and badly ________ painting.

  6.In summer, water the plants regularly and never let the soil ________.

  7.Last summer the river ________ and you could walk right across it.

  8.________, I used to feel that way myself, but you changed my mind.

  9.This kind of desk can ________ the height you need.

  10.Go on, I can see you ________ tell me all your exciting adventures.

  答案:1.heard from 2.Is; relevant to 3.for sure 4.came across 5.in need of 6.dry out 7.dried up 8.To be honest 9.be adjusted to 10.are dying to

  语 法 路 路 通

  高考语法专题十四 主谓一致

  知识清单一、主谓一致的三个原则

  1.谓语受主语支配,即其形式必须随着主语单复数形式的变化而变化,叫主谓一致。主要有语法一致、意义一致、就近一致三个原则。

  二、主谓一致的具体运用情况

  2.and, both...and连接的并列成分作主语,谓语动词用复数。但并列成分若指的是同一个人、事物或概念,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。

  3.each, neither, either, none, one, other, another, much, little及复合不定代词等表示单数意义,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;many, few, several, both等表示复数意义,作主语时谓语用复数;some, all, any等既可表示复数意义也可表示单数意义,作主语时,谓语动词依具体意义而定;every...and every...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

  4.more than one..., many a...作主语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;“more+复数名词+than one”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。

  5.非谓语动词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但and连接的两个或多个不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。

  6.由两部分构成的名词作主语时,谓语动词常用复数。但由a kind of, a pair of, a series of等修饰,谓语动词要与表示计量单位的名词一致。

  7.“复数名词+of this kind”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“this kind of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

  8.关系代词作主语,定语从句中谓语动词的形式取决于先行词。但先行词是“one of+复数名词”时,谓语动词用复数形式;当one之前有the only修饰语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

  9.数量词修饰不可数名词,谓语动词一般用单数;修饰可数名词复数,谓语动词一般用复数。但a quantity of..., quantities of..., an amount of..., amounts of...作主语时,谓语动词根据quantity和amount的形式而定。

  10.从句作主语一般用单数;由what引导的主语从句,根据其所指的具体内容而定。如果从句指的是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。

  11.表示度量、距离、金额、时间等复数形式的名词短语,常作为一个整体来看,谓语动词用单数形式。

  12.“the+形容词”作主语表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示一类事物或抽象的概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。

  13.主语后带有with, together with, as well as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, but, except, including, in addition to等短语时,谓语动词不受这些短语的影响,仍与主语保持一致。

  14.“some/most/half/all/the rest/the majority/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词来决定。

  15.复数形式单数意义的词,如news, maths, physics, politics, works(工厂), the United States、专有名词、书名等形式上看似复数,但意义上视为单数,故谓语动词用单数形式。

  16.集体名词,如family, team, class, group等作主语时,若视为整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若侧重其中的个体成员,谓语动词用复数形式。但集体名词people, police, cattle作主语,谓语动词总是用复数形式。

  17.表示数量的one and a half后,名词要用复数形式。但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

  18.“one of+复数可数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。

  19.“a number of+复数名词”,作主语,谓语动词用复数;“the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。

  20.There be句式及连词有or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., not...but...等连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词与最靠近的名词(短语)一致。专题专练1.(2010·天津卷)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting ________ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.

  A.are exhibiting B.is exhibiting

  C.are being exhibited

  D.is being exhibited

  答案:C

  解析:考查主谓一致和语态。像剪纸这些天津的传统民间艺术品正在2010年上海世博会文化展示区展出。like paper cutting是介词短语,句子的主语是Traditional folk arts of Tianjin,表复数意义。上海世博会正在进行,传统民间艺术品是被展出,故应用现在进行时的被动语态。

  2.(2010·陕西卷)It is reported that many a new house ________ at present in the disaster area.

  A.are being built

  B.were being built

  C.was being built

  D.is being built

  答案:D

  解析:考查时态和主谓一致。从时间状语at present可判断出用现在时,“many a+单数可数名词”虽然表示复数意思,但要用单数谓语。

  3.(2010·湖南卷)Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.

  A.is

  B.are

  C.has

  D.have

  答案:C

  解析:考查主谓一致。语意:在摇滚音乐会上听很吵的音乐已造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。故选C项。

  4.(2010·四川卷)Such poets as Shakespeare ________ widely read, of whose works, however, some ________ difficult to understand.

  A.are; are

  B.is; is

  C.are; is

  D.is; are

  答案:A

  解析:考查主谓一致。第一空格poets为主语,第二空格some(works)为主语,谓语动词都应该用复数。

  5.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ________ evening dress.

  A.wear

  B.wears

  C.has worn

  D.have worn

  答案:B

  解析:考查时态和主谓一致。who引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词前有the only限制,所以从句用单数谓语动词,再结合本句语意可知用一般现在时。

  6.(2010·江苏卷)—Is everyone here?

  —Not yet...Look, there ________ the rest of our guests!

  A.come

  B.comes

  C.is coming

  D.are coming

  答案:A

  解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所在句子为倒装句,the rest of our guests作主语,谓语动词要用复数形式;此处叙述的又是现在的事实,所以用一般现在时。come用于进行时,通常用来表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作,因此D项不恰当。

  7.Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters,________visit Beijing this summer.

  A.is going to

  B.are going to

  C.was going to

  D.were going to

  答案:A

  解析:考查时态和主谓一致。依据时间状语this summer可知,这里应该用一般将来时;当主语后有with、together with、as well as、but、except等词时,谓语动词跟介词(短语)之前的名词或代词的单复数一致,所以A项正确。

  8.Either you or one of your students________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

  A.are

  B.is

  C.have

  D.be

  答案:B

  解析:考查主谓一致。either...or...连接两个代词或名词作主语时,谓语动词依其最近的代词或名词确定。故答案选B。

  9.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities________rising steadily since 1990.

  A.is

  B.are

  C.has been

  D.have been

  答案:C

  解析:考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构和句意可知,the number为主语,谓语应用单数形式;再由since可知应选择现在完成时,故答案为C项。

  10.—Why does the lake smell terrible?

  —Because large quantities of water________.

  A.have polluted

  B.is being polluted

  C.has been polluted

  D.have been polluted

  答案:D

  解析:考查时态、语态及主谓一致。名词被quantities of修饰且作主语时,其谓语动词用复数形式,故B、C两项不正确;水是被污染的,所以需要用被动语态。故答案为D,现在完成时表示过去的动作(水被污染)或行为对现在造成的结果或影响(湖水的气味难闻)。

  11.A poet and artist______coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.

  A.is

  B.are

  C.was

  D.were

  答案:A

  解析:句子的主语a poet and artist一位诗人兼艺术家,指同一人,应用单数谓语动词,排除B、D。tomorrow afternoon表明该题选A。is coming进行时表将来。

  12. ________ the houses were knocked down in the earthquake.

  A.A great many

  B.The number of

  C.A great many of

  D.A great deal of

  答案:C

  解析:A项“许多;大量”,其后直接接可数名词复数,当被修饰词前有限定词时,要加of;B项“……的数量”;D项“许多”,修饰不可数名词,故C项正确。

  13.Three fourths of the surface of the earth ________ sea.

  A.is

  B.are

  C.were

  D.has been

  答案:A

  解析:当主语被分数或百分数修饰时,主语是可数名词时谓语动词用复数形式,反之则用单数形式。根据语境,叙述一个客观事实,故A项正确。

  14.So far as I know, more than one person ________ connected with the accident.

  A.is

  B.has

  C.are

  D.have

  答案:A

  解析:当句子的主语是more than one+名词单数时,谓语动词用单数形式。类似的形式有many a+名词单数;a+名词单数+or two等。排除选项C和D;联系语境知A项正确。

  15.Every possible means ________ tried, but without much result.

  A.has been

  B.have been

  C.are

  D.is

  答案:A

  解析:当主语是means, works, sheep, fish, Japanese, Chinese等名词时,谓语动词的形式须依照它们在句中的意义来确定。由于它被every修饰,排除选项B和C;根据语境知,没有多大结果,因此A项符合题意。

  16.Her six brothers as well as her father, ________ to control her as if she had“seven fathers”.

  A.are trying

  B.has tried

  C.is trying

  D.tries

  答案:A

  解析:当句子主语中含有as well as时,谓语动词与其前名词保持一致。因此此句中谓语动词要与her six brothers一致,故A项正确。

  17.Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books ________ to the area since the earthquake occurred.

  A.has been offered

  B.have been offered

  C.is being offered

  D.are offered

  答案:A

  解析:句意:地震过后,大量的地图书

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