山西省2017高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（60）

　　山西省2017高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（60）

　　阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　　A

　　From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions . It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating , and which are to be avoided ; when to attack and when to run away . The animal is , in fact , playing a very dangerous game with its environment , a game in which it must make decision—a matter of life or death .

　　Animals’ ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call “genetic learning” , which is different from the individual learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime . Genetic learning is learning by a species —animals of the same kind—as a whole , and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way . However , the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past . The more important individual experience is likely to be , the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game . Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one generation to the next , it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning .

　　In the great majority of animals , their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound (复合体) of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with .That is why animals can survive .

　　1．The animal’s life will come to an end_____.

　　       A．if the animal makes a wrong decision B．if the animal plays a dangerous game

　　       C．when the animal attacks its enemy    D．when the animal runs too slowly

　　．Very few species depend entirely on genetic learning because_____.

　　       A．each generation has its own way of learning

　　       B．their environments change all the time

　　       C．they can act reasonably on their own

　　       D．it takes their whole life to learn

　　3．When the environment doesn’t change much ,_____.

　　       A．animals cannot act in a right way

　　       B．genetic learning is less important for animals

　　       C．individual learning plays a less important role

　　       D．animals cannot get over problems on their own

　　4．Animals’ living on generation after generation depends on_____.

　　       A．their natural action pattern with their own experience

　　       B．the lessons they have learnt during their lifetime

　　       C．their experience in particular environments

　　       D．the knowledge passed on by their parents

　　B

　　“Tear ’em apart!” “Kill the fool!” “ Murder the referee ( 裁判)！” These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made， they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us .It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含义) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior . I see the term “opponent” as one of those words . Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.

　　The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”: “enemy”; “one who opposes your interests”. Thus， when a player meets an opponent， he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times， winning may dominate one’s intellect， and every action， no matter how gross， may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not considered them wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet Tshirt and then exclaimed, “Are they wet enough now?”

　　In the heat of battle， players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court， they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.

　　Therefore， I believe it is time we elevated(提升)the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world . Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start. The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”; “friend”; “companion”. Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent”.

　　5. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?

　　A. Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences B. The words people use can influence their behavior C. Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes D. Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field

　　6. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players _______

　　A. are too eager to win B. are usually shorttempered and easily offended C. cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition D. treat their rivals as enemies

　　7. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?

　　A. He refused to continue the game B. He angrily hit the referee with a ball C. He claimed that the referee was unfair D. He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt

　　8. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by _______

　　A. calling on players to use clean language on the court B. raising the referee’s sense of responsibility C. changing the attitude of players on the sports field D. regulating the relationship between players and referees

　　C

　　If u won $50000000 would u still go to college?

　　Lots of people go to college so they have a chance to get a better job, but if you won $50 million, would you still pursue a higher education?

　　Re: If u won $50000000 would u still go to college?

　　I would definitely still go to college if I had that much money, but I would not be competing for a scholarship on collegenet.com. I would probably still discuss things here and I would create other scholarships to help other people to go to college as well.

　　With $50 million, I would not have to worry about getting a loan from Chase bank or finding scholarships to study abroad. I would have published several books by now as well, but I would still pursue my education. Going to undergraduate school is something that I really want to do because I want to become a Pediatrician. Money may buy a lot of things, but it does not necessarily give you knowledge and knowledge is what I am currently in pursuit of.

　　I am not just going to school to get a better job; I am going to school to fulfill all of my dreams.

　　$50 million is a lot of money, but no amount of money can deter me from my goals.

　　Veggie-thought: "Money may make things easier, but it is not everything."

　　Re: If u won $50000000 would u still go to college?

　　Would I still go? UMM YES YES YES YES YES!!!!!

　　I still want to teach...I don't care if I have more money than Bill Gates...I still want to be in a classroom teaching!! And I need a degree to do that! Teaching is my dream job, and it would make me really happy.

　　I would pay off my loans as well as my boyfriends loans and help out a couple of friends who are having trouble with financial aid. Of course some of that would get invested and dispersed for various reasons....but we'll not go into details.

　　Re: If u won $50000000 would u still go to college?

　　I would still go to college. The only difference is with that much money to go to college I probably would stay in college longer and pursue a few extra degrees while I am there. I am looking for knowledge not money. The only problem is I need money to pursue knowledge, well at least accredited knowledge.

　　Also I could set up scholarship funds and I could save some more for additional dreams and goals that I have.

　　9. According to the answers, what do they have in common?

　　A. They all prefer money to education.

　　B. They all want to get a better job.

　　C. They will continue to pursue knowledge.

　　D. They will give up jobs.

　　10. From the first answer, we know the person is _____.

　　A. greedy

　　B. ambitious

　　C. passive

　　D. selfish

　　11. In the following statements, which is not true according to the passage?

　　A. They all have something they want to do.

　　B. They think knowledge is more important than money.

　　C. They all have their own dreams.

　　D. The second person doesn’t want to get other scholarship.

　　12. The underlined phrase “pay off” means _____.

　　A. give back

　　B. cost

　　C. apply for

　　D. get

　　D

　　One day last September, as Britney Spears was about to board a flight to Los Angeles from London, a blue bottle fell out of her purse. She quickly put it back in, but not before the camera recorded the event. Neither Spears nor her spokesman was willing to comment on the contents of the bottle, but the next morning London’s Daily Express published a page of pictures under the headline “EXCLUSIVE: POP PRINCESS SPOTTED AT AIRPORT WITH POT OF SLIMMING TABLETS.” Spears was apparently carrying Zantrex-3, one of the most popular weight-loss pills now sold in the United States. The pill, which is sold at about fifty dollars for a month’s supply, contains a huge amount of caffeine, some green tea, and three common South American herbs that also act as stimulants (兴奋剂). It hit the U.S. market last March and has had a success that would be hard to overstate. Millions of bottles have been sold, and during the Christmas season it was displayed in the windows of the nation’s largest chain of vitamin shops, G.N.C. (It is so highly sought after that many of the stores keep it in locked counters.) Zantrex-3 is also sold at CVS, Rite Aid, Wal-Mart, and other chains, and over the telephone and on the Internet. If you type “Zantrex” into Google, more than a hundred thousand pieces of information about it will appear. At any moment, there are scores of people sell it on eBay.

　　Perhaps the most interesting thing about the success story of Zantrex-3, however, is that it is far from unique. There are hundreds of similar products on the market today, and they are bought by millions of Americans. And though Zantrex’s producer makes some exciting statements (“the most advanced weight control compound (化合物)period”), so do the people who sell Stacker 2 and Anorex along with those who sell Carb Eliminator and Fat Eliminator. Almost all of these compounds suggest that they can help people lose weight and regain lost energy, and often without diet, exercise, or any other effort.

　　13. Britney Spears is a / an______.

　　A. dancer

　　B. singer

　　C. athlete

　　D. chemist

　　14. The underlined part of the sentence in the first paragraph is most likely similar in meaning to ______.

　　A. it is difficult to say how successful Zantrex-3 is

　　B. you can’t overstate the success of Zantrex-3

　　C. you can’t think too highly of the success of Zantrex-3

　　D. Zantrex-3 is not very successful

　　15. From the second paragraph we know that ______ .

　　A. Zantrex-3 is one of the successful weight-loss pills on the US market

　　B. Zantrex-3 is the most successful weight-loss pills on the US market

　　C. Zantrex-3 is the only weight-loss pill on the US market

　　D. there are five kinds of weight-loss pills on the US market

　　16. The text mainly tells us ______.

　　A. when Britney Spears was found taking weight-loss pills with her

　　B. how Zantrex-3 became successful in the USA

　　C. Zantrex-3 is forbidden to be sold on the US market

　　D. weight-loss pills are very popular in the USA

　　E

　　Nowadays, a cellphone service is available to everyone, everywhere. Probably thousands of people have already been using it, but I just discovered it, so I’m going to claim it and also name it: Fake Foning. The technology has been working well for me at the office, but there are infinite applications. In fact in any public space. Say you work at a big university with lots of talky faculty members buzzing about. Now, say you need to use the restroom. The trip down the hall will take approximately one hour, because a person can’t walk into those talky people without getting pulled aside for a question, a bit of gossip, a new read on a certain line of Paradise Lost. So, a cellphone. Any cellphone. Just pick it up. Don’t dial. Just hold that phone to your face and start talking. Walk confidently down the hall engaged in fake conversation, making sure to tailor both the topic and content to the person standing before you whom you are trying to evade. For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business: "Yes, I’m glad you called, because we really need to think about the details. What’s that? Yes, I read Page 12, but if you look at the bottom of 4, I think you can see the problem begins right there." Be animated. Be engaged in your fake fone conversation. Make eye contact with the people passing, nod to them, gesture keen interest in talking to them at a later time, point to your phone, shrug and move on. Shoppers should consider fake foning anytime they spot a talky neighbor in the produce department pinching (用手捏) unripe peaches. Without your phone at your face, you’d be in for a 20-minute speech on how terrible the world is. One important caution about fake foning. The other day I was fake foning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. I knew he wanted to ask about a project I had not yet finished. I was trying to buy myself some time, so I continued fake foning with my doctor. "So I don’t need the operation? Oh, doctor, that is the best news." And then: Brrrrrrng! Brrrrrmg! Brrrrrmg! My phone started ringing, right there while it was planted on my face. My colleague looked at me, and I at him, and naturally I gasped. "What is the matter with this thing?" I said, pulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my ear. "Hello? Are you still there?" Oops. 17. What is fake foning? A. A strategy to avoid people. B. A device newly produced. C. A service provided everywhere. D. A skill of communication. . In the author’s opinion, in order to make fake foning look real one has to________ A. talk about interesting matters. B. behave politely to people passing by. C. hold the phone while walking. D. appear absorbed in conversation. . What does the last example show? A. One effective way is to fake fone one’s doctor. B. One has to be careful while fake foning. C. Fake foning may not deceive people. D. Fake foning is always quite successful. . After his phone suddenly began ringing, the author________ A. immediately started talking to the caller. B. immediately started talking to his colleague. C. put the phone away and stopped talking. D. continued with his fake conversation.—20

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