知识要点 要点三
句型 Not all idioms have been common for many years. 并非所有的习语很多年都常见。 not all...意为“并非所有的……都”,是部分否定。not的位置比较灵活,可置于句首,也可放在句中。 例句:Not all the people present agreed with you. =All the people present didn’t agree with you. 不是所有在场的人都赞成你(的看法)。 知识要点 归纳拓展 (1)与not连用构成部分否定的词有: all,everyone,everywhere,both,everybody, always,every,everything,altogether(全体), entirely(全部地),wholly(全部地) (2)表示全部否定的词有:none,nobody,no one,neither,never,nothing,nowhere等。 例句:None of the people present agreed with you. 所有在场的人都不赞成你。 Both of Tom and Jack are not fond of pop music. =Not both of Tom and Jack are fond of pop music. 汤姆和杰克二人不全喜欢流行音乐。 Tom and Jack are not fond of pop music. 汤姆和杰克都不喜欢流行音乐。 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①I haven’t read ________ of his books,but judging from others’ comments,I think he’s a very promising writer. A.any B.none C.both D.either 【解析】any与not连用表全部否定;not与none of连用,双重否定表肯定;not与both和either连用表部分否定,根据题意,选A。 【答案】A 知识要点 ②The boys and girls had walked for hours.They _________ got very tired,but _________ of them would stop to take a rest. A.all;neither B.both;none C.all;none D.both;everyone 【解析】both只能用于两者之间,此题中是说the boys and the girls,故用all,作they的同位语;空二考查全部否定,故用none。 【答案】C 知识要点 要点四
语法 复习状语和状语从句 1.状语 定义:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。 位置:修饰形容词或副词的状语一般放在被修饰词的前面;修饰动词的状语一般放在被修饰词的后面。特殊情况除外。 (1)状语的表现形式 ①副词及副词短语 例句:Light travels fast.光传播得很快。 ②介词短语 例句:We have lived in this city for 10 years. 我们在这座城市已生活了十年。 知识要点 ③分词短语-ing及-ed形式 例句:Encouraged by the teacher,I decided to learn English well. 在老师的鼓励下,我决心把英语学好。 ④动词不定式 例句:He worked hard to pass the exam. 他努力学习,想通过考试。 ⑤从句 例句:So long as you can promise to return it on time,I will lend you my bike. 只要你能保证准时归还,我可以把自行车借给你。 ⑥独立主格形式: 例句:The teacher entered the classroom,ruler in hand.老师手里拿着一把尺子进了教室。 知识要点 (2)状语的种类 ①时间状语②原因状语③条件状语④地点状语⑤方式状语⑥伴随状语⑦目的状语(常位于句末,强调时可位于句首)⑧让步状语⑨程度状语(单个副词时,常前置) ⑩比较状语(通常有固定形式,不可随意改变) 例句:When it rains,I usually go to pick up my daughter in my car. 下雨时,我通常开车去接我的女儿。 I didn’t go to the party because of the heavy snow. 因为下大雪我没有去参加聚会。 As long as you work hard,you can make great progress. 只要你努力,就能取得很大的进步。 He was sent where he was most needed. 他被派往最需要他的地方去了。 知识要点 2.状语从句 通常来说明主句中某一动词、形容词、副词的起状语作用的从句,叫做状语从句。状语从句位置较灵活,可以放在主句之前、之后或中间。状语从句包括时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步状语从句。 各个类型的状语从句在前面单元的语法中已经一一讲到过,这里我们只将其引导词进行归纳总结。 知识要点 种类 常用引导词 时间 when,as,while,after,before,since,as soon as,ever since,till,until,once,whenever,no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when,the moment,every time,each time,next time,instantly,immediately,by the time,once 地点 where,wherever 原因 because,as,since(既然),for,now (that) 条件 if,unless,so/as long as,suppose/supposing(that),in case (万一,如果),as far as,on condition (that),provided/providing (that),if only
目的 so that,in order that,for fear (that),in case (以免,以防),lest等。从句中的谓语动词may(might),can(could),should等情态动词。 结果 so...that...,such...that...,so that,such that,in such a way that,with the result that 方式 as,as if (though) 比较 as...as...,not as/so...as...,than,the more...the more... 让步 as(尽管),though,although,no matter+疑问词,even if (though),however,whatever;whenever,wherever... 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①After a long walk,she was ________ tired that she had to go upstairs and rest. A.much B.enough C.too D.that 【解析】句中that可作为副词,相当于so,与后面的that构成结果状语从句,其余选项均无这种用法。 【答案】D 知识要点 ②________ online shopping attracts a certain group of the people,there will always be some who enjoy shopping for their own groceries. A.When B.As C.If D.While 【解析】句意为:虽然网上购物吸引了一定群体的人,但总有一些人喜欢上街购买自己的杂货。此处while表示“虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句。 【答案】D 知识要点 ③—We have decided to go for a picnic tomorrow,Dick.Are you going with us? —Well, ________ you are going,so will I. A.when B.since C.if D.while 【解析】句意为:——我们已决定明天出去野炊,迪克,你和我们一起去吗?——哦,既然你们去,那我也要去。此题极易误选C。if “假如你们去,那我也去。”显然不符合前文逻辑。 【答案】B 知识要点 ④Jenny was reading a piece of science fiction,completely _________ to the outside world. A.having lost B.being lost C.losing D.lost 【解析】lost是形容词,be lost to the world(全神贯注于某事而不注意周围的事情)。形容词短语表示状态,作状语。 【答案】D 知识要点 ⑤_________ , the people in Sichuan Province are recovering from the effects of the terrible earthquake on May 12th,2008. A.Strongly and unitedly B.Strong and united C.Be strong and unite D.Being strongly and united 【解析】strong and united“坚强并团结”,为形容词短语作状语。 【答案】B Thank you ! 选修8 Module 4
Which English? 课程解读 话题 Which English?(英语种种) 语法 Review of adverbials & adverbial clauses(复习状语和状语从句) 课程解读 重点词汇及拓展 1.instantly adv.立即,马上 2.matter v.重要,要紧;有关系 3.count v.很重要;很有价值 4.unique adj.独一无二的;独特的 5.splendid adj.极好的;优秀的 6.relevant adj.有关的;切题的 7.convey v.传达,传递 8.clarify v.弄明白;澄清 9.vague adj.不明确的;含糊的 10.select v.挑选,选择 11.withdraw v.收回;撤销(说过的话) 12.potential adj.潜在的;可能的 13.overcome v.征服;战胜 14.oppose v.反对 15.superior adj.更好的;更强的 16.classify v.将……分类 17.complain
v.抱怨→complaint n.埋怨;抱怨 18. significance n.意义;含义→sig nificant adj.有重大意义的 19.approval n.赞许;赞成→approvev.赞成,同意 20.reject v.拒绝接受→rejection n.拒绝→refuse/decline(同义词)n.拒绝,婉拒 21.convinced adj.确信的,信服的→convince v.信服,确信 22.tendency n.趋向,倾向→tend v.趋向 课程解读 重点短语 1.tell...apart区分开…… 2.as long as只要 3.lie in在于 4.in conclusion总之 5.get down to sth.开始做某事 6.let sb.down让某人失望 7.in particular特别,尤其 8.trade with与……做生意 9.regard as看作,认为 10.or rather更精确地说 11.in case以防万一 12.be relevant to与……相关 13.date from回溯到 14.agree on对……达成共识 重点 句型 1.Not all idioms have been common for many years.并不是所有的习语多年都常见。 2.English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand. 英语中有大量丰富的、极好的、也可能很难懂的短语。 知识要点 要点一
单词 1.debate n.讨论,争论,辩论 vi.&vt.辩论,讨论,争论 归纳拓展 (1)debate about/on/over sth.with sb.与某人争论…… debate sth. with sb.与某人讨论某事 debate whether/what/how etc. to do sth.讨论…… (2)hold a debate举行辩论会 beyond debate无可争辩 under debate在辩论中 a heated/fierce/intense debate热烈的/激烈的争论 知识要点 例句:We must debate the question with the rest of the members. 我们必须和其他委员讨论这个问题。 The two sides debated fiercely whether to raise the price of school meals. 双方就是否提高学校用餐价格进行了激烈的辩论。 The proposal is under debate. 那个提议还在讨论当中。 知识要点 同类辨析 debate,argue与discuss (1)debate辩论的目的在于说服对方。 (2)argue指条理清晰地陈述赞成或反对的理由。 (3)discuss从不同的观点出发与某人讨论某事。 知识要点 【链接训练】 这是关于如何惩治罪犯的争论。(翻译句子) This is a debate about the punishment for criminals. 知识要点 2.clarify vt.澄清,讲清楚,阐明;(加热)净化 归纳拓展 (1)clarify matters澄清真相 clarify one’s remarks把话说清楚 clarify one’s stand/position阐明某人的立场 (2)clarification n.澄清 clarity n.清澈,透明 例句:He clarified his stand on the issue. 他澄清了他在该问题上的立场。 My mind was clarified on this issue. 对这个问题我的头脑变得清楚了。 She asked him to clarify what he meant. 她要他说清楚他是什么意思。 知识要点 【链接训练】 Chinese government ________ on the matters to Taiwan. A.clarify it stand B.clarifies its stand C.clarify its stand D.clarifies it stand 【解析】句意为:中国政府针对台湾问题阐明了自己的立场。故应用短语clarify one’s stand“阐明某人的立场”,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 【答案】B 知识要点 3.complain vi.抱怨;不满;发牢骚 归纳拓展 (1)complain (to sb.)about/of...(向某人)抱怨…… complain (to sb.)that-clause(向某人)抱怨…… complain to sb.向某人申诉;诉说……病痛 (2)complaint n.抱怨;申诉;投诉 make a complaint about/of/against抱怨;投诉 a letter of complaint一封投诉信 (3)can’t complain[口]还算好(总体上还是满意的,虽然有些不如意) 知识要点 例句:She often complains to her boss about/of her low pay. =She often complains to her boss that she gets paid too little. =She often complains to to her boss about/of getting paid too little. 她经常向她老板抱怨说她的报酬太低。 Why don’t you make a complaint against your noisy neighbour? 你为什么不投诉那位喧闹的邻居呢? 知识要点 【链接训练】 句型转换 Some Iraqi common people complained of being robbed and beaten often by American soldiers in Iraq. =Some Iraqi common people complained that they were robbed beaten often by American soldiers in Iraq. 句意为:一些伊拉克平民控诉说他们经常遭到驻伊美军的抢劫和殴打。 知识要点 4.approval n.批准;认可;赞成;同意 归纳拓展 (1)general approval一致同意 with approval of经……的批准 in approval同意地,支持地 give (one’s) approval给予批准 meet with one’s approval得到某人的赞许,得到某人的认可 (2)approve v.批准,赞成 approve of sb./sth.赞成某人/事 知识要点 例句:She desperately wanted to win her father’s approval. 她急不可待地想赢得她父亲的赞同。 I can’t agree to anything without my partner’s approval. 没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能答应。 He doesn’t approve of me leaving school this year. 他不同意我今年离校。 知识要点 【链接训练】 The mayor has ________ the new building plan and the construction of the new Broadcasting Center will begin in a few days. A.appreciated B.approached C.appointed D.approved 【解析】句意为:市长批准了新的建造计划,建造新的广播中心的工程几天之内就开工。approve“批准,赞成”,符合题意。appreciate“感激”;approach“接近”;appoint“任命;委派;指定”。 【答案】D 知识要点 5.convinced adj.确信的,深信的 归纳拓展 be convinced of .../that-clause相信…… convince vt. 使确信,使信服 convince
sb.of sth. sb.that-clause
使某人相信…… convince sb.to do sth.说服某人干某事 例句:I am convinced of his innocence. =I am convinced that he was innocent. 我相信他是无辜的。 What she said convinced me that I was mistaken. 她的一番话使我认识到我错了。 What convinced you to vote for them? 究竟是什么使得你愿意投他们的票呢? 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①The couple tried every effort to _________ the judges,who tried the case of their innocence,resulting in the contrary. A.prove B.charge C.convince D.confirm 【解析】句意为:那对夫妇尽力使审讯那宗案件的法官相信他们是清白的,但结果正相反。prove“证明”;charge sb. with...“指控某人……”;convince sb. of sth.“使某人相信……”;confirm sth.“证实……”。由句意及convince sb. of sth.的搭配可知正确答案为C。 【答案】C 知识要点 ②________ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country. A.Convincing B.Convinced C.To convince D.Having convinced 【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句子的逻辑主语是people与convince之间是主动关系,故用v.-ing形式,排除B项;C项动词不定式置于句首,一般作目的状语,与题意不符,故排除;convince这一动作与主句谓语动作同时发生,故排除D项完成时。选A。句意为:人们确信政府能带领他们走出经济危机,他们对国家的未来很乐观。 【答案】A 知识要点 6.oppose vt.反抗,反对 归纳拓展 (1)oppose (doing) sth.反对干某事 be opposed to (doing) sth.反对干某事 (2)opposition n.反对,对立 meet with opposition遭到反对 in opposition to sb. on sth.在某事上与某人意见相反 知识要点 注意:be opposed to中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,后加名词/代词或v.-ing形式,不加to do,其同义词组是be against和object to。 例句:Most people are opposed to war and for peace. 大多数人反对战争,支持和平。 The President opposes giving military aid to this country.总统反对向该国提供军事援助。 知识要点 【链接训练】 翻译句子 我们强烈反对种族歧视。 We are bitterly opposed to the racial discrimination. 知识要点 要点二
短语 1.tell...apart把……区分开 归纳拓展 (1)tell A and B apart=tell A from B=tell the difference(s) between A and B 把A与B区分开tell+that.../wh-辨别,识别 (2)tell sb. about/of sth.告诉某人有关某事 tell a lie/lies撒谎 to tell the truth说实话 知识要点 例句:It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart. 要将英国英语和美国英语分辨开来也很容易。 I can’t tell whether it is him or not. 我认不清是不是他。 It is very important for us to tell true friends from false ones in society. 在社会上辨别出真假朋友对我们来说是非常重要的。 知识要点 【链接训练】 The twins are so much alike that their own mother can hardly _________ . A.tell them apart B.tell apart them C.say them apart D.say apart them 【解析】tell apart是动词短语(v.+adv.),代词常常放在tell和apart之间,故选A。 【答案】A 知识要点 2.let sb./sth.down使某人失望,辜负;(使)略逊一筹,美中不足 归纳拓展 let alone更不必说 let off宽恕;开(枪),放(炮、烟火等);让……下车 let out放走,释放;泄露,放出;放宽,放大(衣服) let go放开,松手 let sb./sth. in/into让……进来,放……进来 注意:let...alone=let...be/leave...alone不干涉;对……置之不理;而let alone是“……更不必说”,需作插入语。 知识要点 例句:This machine won’t let you down. 你尽管放心,这台机器不会出毛病。 She speaks French very fluently,but her pronunciation lets her down. 她法语讲得很流利,但美中不足的是发音不太好。 There isn’t enough room for us,let alone any guests. 连我们都没有足够的空间,更不用说客人了。 知识要点 【链接训练】 —If you don’t bring a present to Lucy,you may _________. —Thank you for reminding me. Surely I’ll buy her one this evening. A.leave her along B.let her down C.hold her back D.cheer her up 【解析】句意为:——如果你不给露西带生日礼物,你可能会使她失望的。——谢谢你提醒我。我今晚肯定就去给她买一件生日礼物。leave sb.alone“不理会某人”;let sb.down“使某人失望”;hold sb.back“阻止某人”;cheer sb.up“使某人振作起来”。由句意可知答案为B项。 【答案】B 知识要点 3.be relevant to...与……有关 归纳拓展 (1)have relevance to... be related to... be connected with... have something to do with... have connection with be associated with
和……有关系 (2)relevance n. 关联 relevantly adv.相关联地 知识要点 例句:Do you have any relevant experience in advertising? 你有广告行业的相关经验吗? What they are discussing is not relevant to the present question. 他们所讨论的事情与目前的问题无关。 知识要点 【链接训练】 完成句子 The judge ruled that the evidence wasn’t relevant to/had no relevance to/wasn’t related to/wasn’t connected with/had nothing to do with (与……无关)the case.
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如何保持好心情 How to Keep a Good Mood
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