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高三英语备考总复习课件人教版:专项语法6-介词及其搭配 77张

发布时间:2017-02-22  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  必 修 3

  Units 3~

  专项语法六 介词及其搭配

  要点精析

  一、表进行意义的四类介词短语

  1.at+名词

  He was at dinner when I came.

  我来时他正在吃饭。

  She stayed at work when everybody else had gone home.

  别人都回家了,她却还在工作。

  类似的还有:

  at press 正在排版 at play 在玩耍

  at lunch 在吃午饭 at rest 在休息

  at table 在吃饭 at school 在上学

  at church 在做礼拜 at peace 和平时期

  有些结构可能带有冠词或物主代词:

  at one's meals 在吃饭

  at one's study 在学习

  at the piano 在弹钢琴

  at the end(of) 在结束时

  at the desk 在读书

  2.in+名词

  He is in the army.

  他正在当兵。

  He's been in politics all his life.

  他一生从政。

  Her husband was in business.

  她丈夫是经商的。

  He looks tired. He is in need of a rest.

  他看来是很累了,需要休息一会儿。

  类似的还有:

  in action 在运转 in progress 在进行

  in operation 在运行中

  有些结构可能带有冠词:

  in the course of 在……过程中

  in the act of 正在做……时

  3.on+名词

  Are you here on business or for pleasure?

  你是来办事还是来玩的?

  The typist is away on holiday this week.

  打字员本周休假。

  The man on watch didn't notice the danger.

  值班的人没有注意到这危险。

  类似的还有:

  on guard 在值勤 on leave 在休假

  on holiday 在度假 on strike 在罢工

  on sale 出售 on loan 借贷

  有些结构带有冠词:

  on the march 在行军

  on the watch 注意;提防

  on the increase 正在增加

  on the go 正在活动;正在奔走

  on the air 正在广播

  例 (2009·陕西)He invited me to a dance after the show________Christmas Eve.

  A. at

  B. on

  C. in

  D. by

  解析:考查介词。Christmas Eve是圣诞节前夕,须与介词on连用。表具体的某一天的上、中、下午及夜晚,也用介词on。

  答案:B

  4.under+名词(名词前有时有冠词修饰)

  Don't worry. Everything is under control.

  别担心,一切都在控制之中。

  That has no relation to the matter under discussion.

  这和讨论的问题没有关系。

  类似的还有:

  under development 在发展中

  under observation 在观察中

  under test 在被测试

  under construction 在建设中

  under fire 在炮火中

  under examination 在检查(调查)中

  under consideration 在考虑中

  under repair 在修理中

  二、原因介词because of, due to, thanks to

  because of 因为,由于,通常作状语,位于句首或句尾。

  due to 由于,因为,通常作表语。

  thanks to 幸亏,多亏,既可用于褒义,又可用于贬义,多用于句首。

  The sports meet will be put off till next Saturday because of the heavy rain.

  由于大雨这次运动会将推迟到下星期六举行。

  His illness was due to smoking and drinking.

  他的病是由于吸烟喝酒引起的。

  三、for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语

  1.It is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.=Sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.

  当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时,用of。常见的形容词有kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel等。

  It is kind of the teachers to help support the poor students.

  =The teachers are kind to help support the poor students.

  去帮助支持贫困的学生,这种老师真好。

  例 (2009·福建)—How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!

  —It's a challenge, I guess, ________man against nature.

  A.of

  B.for

  C.by

  D.about

  解析:I guess在此是插入语,去掉后的句子为“It's a challenge of man against nature”,由此可以得出答案为of。

  答案:A

  2.It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.

  当形容词说明不定式的性质时,用for。常见的形容词有important, necessary, possible, impossible等。

  It is quite important for us to protect our environment.

  对我们来说保护我们的环境相当重要。

  四、of+抽象名词=形容词

  of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词;of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词

  It is of great/much value.=It is very valuable.

  它很有价值。

  例 (2010·青岛高三质检)The discovery of these tombs is ______for scholars' studying the history of the Tang Dynasty.

  A.of very important

  B.great significant

  C.of great significance

  D.greatly importance

  解析:of+great significance=very significant“很有意义”;of后可跟an/the same age/shape/colour等具体名词,也可跟importance/value/help等抽象名词;of great value/help/importance=very valuable/helpful/important。故选C。

  答案:C

  五、to与情感名词连用,表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”

  to+one's=to theof sb.

  这种表达法表示结果,用作状语,位置前、中、后皆可。为了强调,可在前面加much,意为“使某人……的是”。

  Much to my surprise, he left without a word.

  使我非常吃惊的是,他没说一句话就离开了。

  六、by的用法

  1.表示“不迟于(某时间)”的意思。

  I have promised to have the work finished by the end of this week.

  我已经答应本周末完成这项工作了。

  2.表示“在……期间”(一段指明的时间)的意思。

  They decided to travel by night.

  他们决定在夜里旅行。

  3.指人体或物体的某一部分。此人此物,句中前面的总述对此有较为明确的特指。

  He seized me by the arm.

  他抓住了我的胳膊。

  4.表示“由于……的结果”的意思。

  He succeeded by hard work.

  他由于努力工作而成功了。

  5.含有“到……的程度”的意思。

  This one is shorter than the other by three inches.

  这一个比那一个短三英寸。

  We lost the match by one goal.

  我们以一球之差输了那场比赛。

  6.表示买卖东西所按以计算的数或量,或付酬所按以计算的时间。

  Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.

  牛奶论品脱卖,黄油论镑卖,蛋类论打卖。

  7.表示“按照……”或“根据……”的意思。

  By my watch, the time is half past eleven.

  按我的表,现在是十一点半。

  By the expression on his face, he seemed to be displeased.

  从他的面部表情来看,他似乎不高兴。

  8.表示“因……而得到结果”或“凭着……”的意思。

  It was only by chance that I heard the news.

  我只是偶然听到了这个消息。

  运用提升

  1.(2011·山东,30)I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy________ the past couple of weeks.

  A. beyond

  B. with

  C. among

  D. over

  答案:D 本题考查介词的用法。句意:对不起,我没给你打电话,但是在过去的几周里我一直很忙。beyond“超过,超出,在(向)……的那一边”;with“与,和,具有”;among“在……之间”;over在此表示“在……期间,经过(一段)时间”。

  2.(2011·天津,11)He was a good student and scored___ ___average in most subjects.

  A.below

  B.of

  C.on

  D.above

  答案:D 本题考查介词短语的搭配。below average“在平均水平以下”;on average“平均来说”;above average“在平均水平以上”。由He was a good student ......可知D项正确。句意:他是一个好学生,大部分科目得分都在平均水平以上。

  3.(2011·北京,35)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ________ color.

  A. by

  B. for

  C. with

  D. in

  答案:D 本题考查介词。句意:有了新技术,水下山谷的图片可以从颜色方面被拍摄。by“经由,通过”;for“为了,对于”;with“随着,带有”;in“在……方面”。

  4.(2011·浙江,5)I always wanted to do the job which I'd been trained ________.

  A.on

  B.for

  C.by

  D.of

  答案:B 考查定语从句中介词应用。句意:我一直想干我为之接受过培训的工作。be trained for sth.“为……接受培训”;其他三项不符合题目要求。

  5.(2011·江苏,32)We'd better discuss everything________before we work out the plan.

  A.in detail

  B.in general

  C.on purpose

  D.on time

  答案:A 本题考查介词短语。句意:我们最好详细地讨论一切之后才能制定计划。in detail“详细地”;in general“一般说来”;on purpose“故意地”;on time“准时”。由句意可知A项正确。

  6.(2011·安徽,25)Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek________ food safety problems.

  A. in

  B. to

  C. on

  D. after

  答案:B 考查介词用法。句意:有时,关于食品安全问题的答案不难找到。介词短语to food safety problems修饰answers。answer常与介词to搭配,意为“……的答案”。

  7.(2011·重庆,24)Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ________ the library.

  A.in

  B.for

  C.by

  D.from

  答案:D 本题考查介词的用法。句意:Shirley,一个图书爱好者,经常从图书馆往家带书看。bringsth.from... “从某个地方带……”,符合题意。

  8.(2011·四川,8)Nick, it's good for you to read some books ________ China before you start your trip there.

  A.in

  B.for

  C.of

  D.on

  答案:D 本题考查介词。句意:尼克,在你启程去那里之前,读一读关于中国的书比较好。on China意思是:关于中国方面的,即,书的内容是介绍中国情况的。而 of China则可能是来自中国的,或中国出版的等。

  9.(2011·苏州模拟)—Would you please tell me what time it is?

  —It's five minutes to nine________my watch.

  A. on

  B. by

  C. at

  D. in

  答案:B 考查介词辨析。这里用by表示“根据,按照”,相当于according to。句意:——你能告诉我时间吗?——我的表差5分9点。

  10.(2011·潍坊模拟)Equal treatment for all is guaranteed in this area,________race, religion or sex.

  A. in need of

  B. in spite of

  C. regardless of

  D. in terms of

  答案:C 考查介词短语。句意:不分种族、宗教或性别,在这个地区人人都享有平等的待遇。regardless of“不管,不顾”。

  11.(2011·北京模拟) It's not surprising you are tired. ________,you stayed up reading until eleven last night.

  A. Above all

  B. In all

  C. At all

  D. After all

  答案:D 考查介词短语辨析。句意:你疲惫不堪不足为奇,毕竟,你昨晚读书熬夜到11点。after all“毕竟”。above all“首先,最重要的是”;in all“总计”;at all一般与not连用,表示“根本不”。

  12.(2011·哈尔滨模拟)We should talk about the things________the children's understanding in a simple way.

  A. over

  B. beyond

  C. above

  D. under

  答案:B 考查介词辨析。句意:我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。D项不符合语意;above和over一般描述位置;beyond“超过,非……所能及”,符合语意。

  13.(2011·济宁模拟)Pleasant music is often played____ ____classes to make students refreshed and relaxed for a while.

  A. between

  B. among

  C. over

  D. for

  答案:A 考查介词。由语境可知,这里说的是课间音乐,它只能在两节课之间播放,故用between。among表示在三者及三者以上之间;over强调“在……期间”,如果用over,则表示在上课期间放音乐,与句意不符;for不符合句意。句意:课间经常播放优美的音乐让学生恢复精力放松一下。

  14.(2011·济南模拟)When a boy with dirty spots on the face came in, people present all burst________laughing while he burst________tears.

  A. into; in

  B. into; out

  C. out; into

  D. out; in

  答案:C 考查固定搭配。句意:当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来时,在场的人都大笑起来,而他却大哭起来。burst out laughing“突然大笑起来”;burst into tears“突然大哭起来”,都是固定搭配。

  15.(2011·石家庄模拟)________the latest estimates,insects account for probably 4 to 6 million of the species of creatures living on the planet.

  A. Owing to

  B. According to

  C. In spite of

  D. In case of

  答案:B 考查介词短语辨析。此处表示“根据”最新的估计,故选B项“根据,按照”正确。owing to“因为”;in spite of“尽管”;in case of“万一”,都不符合题意。句意:据最新估计,昆虫可能在地球上有4百万到6百万个品种。

  16.(2011·郑州模拟)The man was hit________the head ________stone while travelling in the mountain.

  A. on;with

  B. in;by

  C. on;by

  D. in;with

  答案:C 考查介词的用法。“打在某人头上”习惯用介词on即:hit sb.on the head,后面的by引出动作的发出者。句意:这个人在山上旅行时被一块石头打中头部。

  17.(2011·武汉模拟)The survivors of the crashed plane had no food or water and were________the extreme cold weather.

  A. in the possession of

  B. in the charge of

  C. at the mercy of

  D. at the risk of

  答案:C 考查介词短语辨析。句意:这架坠毁飞机上的幸存者没有食物和水,面对极端寒冷的天气束手无策。in the possession of“被……拥有”;in the charge of“由……负责”;at the mercy of“受/听任……摆布”;at the risk of“冒……的危险”。根据语意判断选C。

  18.(2011·青岛模拟) Let's look up the word in the dictionary. Do you have one________?

  A. in hand

  B. in need

  C. at once

  D. on your hands

  答案:A 考查介词短语辨析。in hand“在手边”;in need“在危难中”;at once“马上”;on one's hands“由某人负责”。in hand符合语意。句意:我们在词典里查一下这个单词吧。你手头有词典吗?

  19.(2011·太原模拟)She took the boy________the hand and led him________the zoo.

  A. in;by

  B. on;at

  C. at;in

  D. by;round

  答案:D 考查介词。介词by与动词seize,take,hold,shake,lead等词连用,表示接触身体或者物体的某一部分。例如:He seized me by the hand.。另外,show/lead sb. round...表示“带领某人参观某地”。句意:她拉着孩子的手逛动物园。

  20.(2011·温州模拟)I have no dreams________to have a happy life.

  A. rather than

  B. more than

  C. other than

  D. less than

  答案:C 句意:除了快乐生活,我别无梦想。rather than“而不是……”;more than“不仅仅……远不止……”;other than表示“除了……”;less than则表示“少于……”。根据语意可知,这里选C项。

  21.(最新高考预测)________the drought in North China becoming more and more serious, more people realize the importance of saving water.

  A. Since

  B. With

  C. As

  D. For

  答案:B 考查介词的用法。句意:随着华北地区的干早变得越来越严重,更多的人意识到节约用水的重要性。介词with后接名词或名词短语,表示原因,其他三项后接句子。

  22.(最新高考预测)She was told to wear flat shoes__ ______her back problem.

  A. on account of

  B. regardless of

  C. in terms of

  D. in case of

  答案:A 考查介词短语的用法。句意:因为她背部有问题,她被要求穿平跟鞋。on account of“由于,因为”;regardless of“不管,不顾”;in terms of“依据,在……方面”;in case of“万一,如果发生”。根据句意,选择A项。

  23.(2011·天津模拟) They had a pleasant chat________a cup of coffee.

  A. for

  B. with

  C. during

  D. over

  答案:D 考查介词。本题考查介词搭配。over“在(做)……时”。句意:他们喝着咖啡进行了一次愉快的谈话。

  24.(最新高考预测)Many people prefer to live in the village, which is free________crowds and thieves.

  A. for

  B. of

  C. in

  D. by

  答案:B 考查介词。句意:许多人喜欢住在农村,那儿没有拥挤的人群和盗贼。短语be free of/from相当于

  without/safe from/untroubled by,意为“没有……,不受……影响的,免于……”。

  25.(最新高考预测)Our English teacher is our favorite. She's kind and humorous, but,________, she is strict with us.

  A. in other words

  B. on the other hand

  C. after all

  D. in all

  答案:B 考查介词短语。句意:我们最喜欢我们的英语老师。她心地善良且富有幽默感,但另一方面,她对我们很严格。on the other hand常常用来引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等。in other words“换言之”;after all“终究,毕竟”;in all“总共,合计”。

  26.(2011·日照模拟)The large grassland, reaching out far away, looks extremely beautiful________the blue and clean sky.

  A. with

  B. against

  C. through

  D. beyond

  答案:B 考查介词。句意:大片的草地一直绵延到远方,在湛蓝的天空映衬下看起来分外美丽。against=in contrast to(sth.)“衬托,相映,对照”。

  27.(2011·成都模拟)Her smooth spoken English has given her certain advantages________others________job hunting.

  A. for; of

  B. over; of

  C. over; in

  D. among; in

  答案:C 考查介词。句意:她流利的英语口语使她在择业上比别人具有一定的优势。advantage over sb.尤指与他人竞争时具有的优越的、成功的条件或环境、优势;第二空用in表示“在……方面”。

  28.(2011·九江模拟)None of us had expected the middle­aged engineer died________his design uncompleted.

  A. from

  B. without

  C. of

  D. with

  答案:D 考查介词。句意:我们谁都没想到,那位中年工程师的设计还没完成他就去世了。根据句意及题干中的uncompleted(表示否定概念,未完成)可判断,设空处应该用with,构成with的复合结构。故答案为D项。

  29.(2011·沈阳模拟)With housing prices rising sky­high, I doubt whether I can afford a house________in my lifetime.

  A. of me

  B. of my own

  C. of myself

  D. of my own one

  答案:B 考查介词短语。句意:由于房价上涨得这么高,我怀疑我这一生能否买得起一套属于自己的房子。sth.of one's own意为“属于某人自己的某物”。

  30.(2011·南通模拟)Unable to work at a steady job____ ____a terminal illness, he decided to volunteer at the local children center.

  A. at the cost of

  B. as a result of

  C. in case of

  D. at the risk of

  答案:B 考查介词短语。句意:他由于得了绝症,不能从事一份稳定的工作,于是决定在当地的儿童中心做义工。at the cost of“以……为代价”;as a result of“由于”;in case of“万一”;at the risk of“冒着……的风险”。

  31.(2011 ·威海模拟)It is said that the price of that beach house, which you have been looking forward to buying, has fallen________a further 500 yuan a square meter.

  A. by

  B. at

  C. with

  D. for

  答案:A 考查介词。句意:据说,你一直想买的那座靠近海滩的房子每平方米又降了500元。

  32.(2011·东城模拟)I didn't expect to receive a postcard from you! It's really________my widest imagination.

  A. behind

  B. beyond

  C. except

  D. through

  答案:B 考查介词。句意:我没想到会收到你的明信片!这实在是超出了我的想像。beyond意为“超出”。

  33.(2011·济南一模,33)The invention of artificial hearts marked a turning point in the battle ________ heart disease.

  A.among

  B.for

  C.against

  D.between

  答案:C 句意:人造心脏的发明标志着同心脏病作斗争的一个转折点。考查介词。against“逆着,对着,反对”。the battle against heart disease同心脏病的战斗。

  34.(2011·武汉四月调测,30)We do not think the twelfth five­year plan for our city is practical ________ recent developments.

  A.in view of

  B.in favor of

  C.in case of

  D.in memory of

  答案:A 句意:就最近的发展情况来看,我们认为我们的第12个5年城规划是不实际的。考查介词短语。in view of“鉴于,考虑到”。易错选C。混淆了in view of和in case of的含义。in case of“假如,如果发生,万一”。

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