◆ occur;happen;take place 三者都表示“发生”,都是不及物动词。 happen指“偶然发生”时,主语为“事”;当主语是“人”时,意为“碰巧”。 occur 指“发生”时可与 happen 换用,但后接to sb./sth.时,两者含义不同:happen to sb./sth. 指不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上;occur to sb./sth. 指“某种思想等呈现于某人的知觉中”。 take place 表示“发生”,可与 happen 或occur换用,但其后面一般不接 to sb./sth.结构;指必然会发生的事情时,多用 take place;此外take place 还可表示“举行某种活动”。如: He happened to know the place.他碰巧知道那个地方。 When did the earthquake occur/happen? 地震是什么时候发生的﹖ Didn’t it occur to you to phone them about it? 你难道就没想过给他们打个电话﹖ Has anything happened to him﹖ 他出什么事了吗﹖ In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.一九一九年,中国发生了五四运动。
official; officer ◇ official常指政府官员,行政官员,高级职员。 如:the government officials政府官员。
officer常指穿着特别制服的官员 军官,武官等。 如:officers of state部长(职位较高的); customs officer海关人员; railway officer乘务员; an officer of the law法官; police officer警官。
on earth;on the earth;in the earthon earth有三层含义和用法:
作“到底”或“究竟”解,置于 what,when等疑问词之后,以加强问句的语气。例如: What on earth is it?这到底是什么东西? Why on earth did you tella lie?你究竟为什么要说谎?
作“当今”或“世界上”解,用于最高级之后,以加强语气。例如: He said,“I'm the happiest man on earth.”他说:“我是世界上最幸福的人。”
用于否定词之后,作“一点儿也不”解,以加强否定的语气。例如: It's no use on earth.这一点儿也没有用。 He said,“Nothing on earth can change my mind.”他说:“无论什么也不能改变我的主意。”
on the earth作“在地球上”解。例如: We live on the earth.我们生活在地球上。
in the earth为“在地下”之意。例如: Many other animals dig holes in the earth.许多其他动物在地下挖洞。
once;as soon as
两者均为从属连词,引导时间状语从句,都表示主句的动作紧跟在从句的动作之后发生。主要区别在于:once除含时间之意外,还表示“条件”,一般译作“一旦……就……”。例如: Once he makes up his mind,he’ll never give it up.他一旦下定决心,就决不会放弃(本句不可用as soon as)。
而as soon as强调的只是时间,译作“刚……就……”或“一……就……”。例如: As soon as I get to Beijing,I’ll write to you.我一到北京就写信给你。
one another;each other
两者均表示“互相;彼此”,为代词,仅作动词或介词的宾语,不作其它成分。两者虽可换用,但each other多用于两者之间的关系,one another多用于三者或三者以上之间的情况。例如: We both see each other at the office every day.我们俩每天在办公室碰面。 The six blind men couldn’t agree with one another.这六个瞎子各执己见。 They hate each other/one another.他们互相憎恨。
one's own/oneself
如属于句子主语的“身内之物”(包括穿戴之物)或思想范畴内的东西,通常用one's own。 如:He cut his own hand.他割了自己的手。 I won't believe you until I've seen you in the jar with my own eyes. 我要亲眼看见你在坛子里才会相信。
one's own有时可指代前面提到过的同类事物。 如:I don't need to borrow your pen.I've got my own.我不需要借你的钢笔,我有我自己的。
oneself: 反身代词,强调句子主语发出的动作的承受者就是主语“自身”,即主语本身就是动作的承受者。 如:The little child cannot look after himself. 这小孩不能自己照顾自己。 (该句中用himself,因为the little child 既是动作执行者,也是动作承受者。) The girl put on her new clothes and looked about herself in the mirror. 那姑娘穿上新衣服,对着镜子打量着自己。
3)oneself一般不作定语,而one's own则可以作定语。 如:This is myself's book.(×) This is my own book.(√)
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