2017高考英语备考复习学案：语法和词汇知识之动词的时态和语态

　　动词的时态和语态

　　【专题考点】

　　在具体语境中考查时态和语态，而且题干中有效信息越来越隐藏，加大试题难度是高考时态命题的趋势，考点如下：

　　1 考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时等常见时态

　　2 考查时态和语态相结合

　　3考查主动形式表示被动意义

　　【典例探究】

　　1（2010·山东卷·T30）Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.

　　A. would save

　　B. saves

　　C. had saved

　　D. has saved【解析】选D。句意为：截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。句中的up to now是现在完成时态的一个典型标志，此句要用现在完成时，由此排除其他选择项，正确答案为D项。would save过去将来时；saves 一般现在时；had saved 过去完成时，均不符合句意要求。

　　【知识拓展】时态考查题中的标志词或短语在解题中的作用

　　在很多时态类考查题目中，找到解题的题眼就掌握了解题的金钥匙，所谓“题眼”即指一些与特定时态连用的一些表示时间的副词及介词短语。

　　（1）与一般过去时常用的短语：yesterday, last year, three years ago, in 1980等，这些结构常常提示大家，这些句子中的谓语动作发生在过去，而与现在没有关系，如：

　　He lost a pen yesterday. (单纯的过去动作, 现在是否找到不知道)。

　　（2）某些副词或介词短语提示则说明其所在的句子要用现在完成时，如since, ever since, so far, up to now, recently, lately, in the past few days等，如： Ever since the first space flight made by Apollo 11 to the moon, the human beings have many more space explorations in the past 4 decades.

　　2（2010·江苏卷·T23）—Why, Jack, you look so tired!

　　—Well, I _____ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.

　　A. was painting

　　B. will be painting

　　C. have painted

　　D. have been painting

　　【解析】选D。句意：——咦，杰克，你看起来这么累！——哦，我一直在粉刷房子，我必须明天完成这项工作。根据语境可知“粉刷房子”这个动作一直进行到现在，并且还要继续进行下去。所以应用现在完成进行时，选择D项。(2010·全国卷II·T9)Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only of the women who ____ evening dress.

　　A. wear

　　B. wears

　　C.has worn

　　D.have worn

　　【解析】选B。此题考查定语从句中的时态与主谓一致，所以要注意定语从句中的主语即关系代词who指代的是谁。此处who指代的是the only而不是the women，故谓语要用单数形式。当遇到定语从句修饰的部分有the(only) one of + 复数名词时，定语从句修饰的是the(only) one。这样首先排除A、D两项；又根据语境可知此处指Barbara目前穿着一件晚礼服，没有强调动作的完成，故又排除C项。句意：很容易认出芭芭拉，因为她是穿着晚礼服的唯一的女士。

　　（2010·江西卷·T 30）. Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she

　　______since her marriage to Father.

　　A. shoulders

　　B. shouldered

　　C. is shouldering

　　D. has been shouldering

　　【解析】选D。句意：母亲想成为一个好的养家者，一个自从和父亲结婚以来一直扮演的角色，根据句中的时间状语since……可知应用现在完成时，故选D项。（2010·重庆卷·Ｔ24）.The

　　book has been

　　translated into thirty languages since it

　　on the market in 1973.

　　A. had come

　　B. has come

　　C. came

　　D. comes

　　【解析】选C。句意：自从这本书在1973年在市场销售以来，已被翻译成30种语言了。题干中的since 自从……以来，引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，since引导的状语从句的谓语动词常用一般过去时，所以选C项。

　　【知识拓展】since的用法

　　1 )since介词,副词或连词 自…以来,自…以后;由它引导的时间状语代表一个时间段,主句用现在完成时.

　　He has lived in Beijing since liberation.自从解放以来他一直住在北京

　　She has been teaching Einglish since she graduated.她毕业后一直在教英语.

　　They went to Shanghai two years ago and we have not seen them since.

　　两年前,他们去了上海,自此我们再也没见过.

　　2)It is/has been + 一段时间+since从句(从句用过去时).

　　It was/had been + 一段时间+since从句(从句用过去完成时).

　　It was three years since he had served in the army. 他入伍3年了.

　　It is twenty years since he joined the party.他入党20年了

　　3)since 既然 因为.引出原因状语从句.

　　Since you have signed an agreement,you can’t out of it now.

　　既然签了协议,你现在就不能反悔.That pudding was the most delicious dessert we ______．

　　A．have had B．had never had C．would D．had ever had It’s many years since I saw you last, I __________ you at all.

　　-----I wouldn’t have, either, if someone __________ you by the name.

　　A．didn’t recognize; hadn’t called B．didn’t recognize; didn’t call

　　C．haven’t recognized; didn’t call D．can’t recognize; had calledTom is absent this week. Do you know what ________ to him?

　　A. has happened

　　B. was happening

　　C. will happen

　　D. had happened

　　4（2010·河北省唐山一中二模）17. — You were out when I dropped in at your house.

　　— Oh, I _______ for a friend from England at the airport.

　　A. was waiting B. had waited

　　C. am waiting

　　D. have waited

　　5（2010·河南省开封市二模）27．Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people

　　to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.

　　A．begin B．began C．have begun D．had begun10. He was proud and was not used ______ to like that.

　　A. to be spoken

　　B. to being spoken

　　C. being spoken

　　D. to speaking

　　9（2010· 江苏省南通市二模拟）28. —Where have you been all day?

　　   —I _______ some former classmates and I couldn’t get back until it was dark.

　　A. have met

　　B. met

　　C. would meet

　　D. had met

　　10（2010· 江苏省南通市二模拟）30. —Now the weight. Only 115. You’d better put on a few pounds.

　　  —Well, actually, I ________ like a horse.

　　A. ate

　　B. was eating

　　C. have been eating

　　D. will eat

　　11（2010· 江苏省宁海外国语学校二模）24．Last Monday，while the students

　　on the playground watching the national flag being raised，something unexpected

　　．

　　A．were standing；arose

　　B．stood；was arising

　　C．had stood；had arisen

　　D．would stand；would arise

　　12. It _________hard now, otherwise we could have a barbecue on the beach.

　　A. rained

　　B. is raining

　　C. rains

　　D. would rain

　　13. All his attention ________on the computer game he was playing, so he even didn’t notice his mother enter the room.

　　A. has been fixed

　　B. was fixing

　　C. was fixed

　　D. fixed

　　14. None of them ________the thin girl could keep her end up and come out first in the international marathon.

　　A. have predicted

　　B. would predict

　　C. were predicted

　　D. had predicted

　　15. Ever since Dolly, the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin’s phone ________with people calling in hopes of making the copies of their pets.

　　A. has rung

　　B. rang

　　C. was ringing

　　D. has been ringing

　　16. —Excuse me. I wonder if you can help me. I ______my ID card.

　　—But where did you lose it?

　　A. have lost

　　B. lost

　　C. had lost

　　D. lose

　　17. Since the beginning of the vacation, I _______across the country, and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountain.

　　A. had travelled

　　B. will travel

　　C. have been travelling

　　D. was travelling

　　18. Luckily, the loss _________great; otherwise, our company would have closed down.

　　A. isn’t

　　B. hadn’t been

　　C. hasn’t been

　　D. wasn’t

　　19. —I’m going to attend your lecture at 9:30 tomorrow morning.

　　—I regret to tell you that when you arrive it will have ended and I _________questions with my students.

　　A. would discuss

　　B. will discuss

　　C. will be discussing

　　D. am discussing

　　20. Good news! Maybe I _______a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.

　　A. have been offered

　　B. would be offered

　　C. will be offered

　　D. is offered

　　21. —Why didn’t you buy any bread while doing shopping yesterday evening?

　　—Sorry,____________ .

　　A. I forget

　　B. I forgot

　　C. I had forgotten

　　D. I have forgotten

　　22. —What’s your opinion about my suggestion?

　　—Sorry, I________. Would you please say it again?

　　A. hadn’t listened

　　B. wouldn’t listen

　　C. wasn’t listening

　　D. didn’t listen

　　23. Although many measures_______, the world’s economy is still going down.

　　A. were taken

　　B. have been taken

　　C. will be taken

　　D. are taken

　　24. His father, a famous university professor, who is said to have started his teaching career in Australia, ________in Nanjing University for more than twenty years.

　　A. has worked

　　B. worked

　　C. is working

　　D. will work

　　25. —We should get together next week.

　　—Sounds like a plan! I __________you a call.

　　A. will give

　　B. would give

　　C. have given

　　D. give

　　26. —I’m sorry, my mind_______. What_______ you________?

　　—You are always absent-minded in class.

　　A. are wandering; do; say

　　B. wandered; had; said

　　C. wandered; did; say

　　D. was wandering; did; say

　　27. This Monday morning I was informed I _______as one of three exchange students from our college.

　　A. had been choosing

　　B. was chosen

　　C. had been chosen

　　D. was choosing

　　28. The pianist planned to give a concert on March 8 but the date __________because of his illness.

　　A. was

　　postponing

　　B. was

　　postponed

　　C. had been

　　postponed

　　D. was being postponed

　　29. —If I hadn’t been caught in the heavy rain, I could have been back by 7 o’clock.

　　—What a pity! Stella _______here to see you.

　　A. is

　　B. was

　　C. would be

　　D. has been

　　30. Since being published on March 13, the book ________a bestseller in many Chinese bookstores.

　　A. has become

　　B. became

　　C. is becoming

　　D. was becoming

　　31. Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe, attempts _________to use botanical fuel as a source of power.

　　A. have made

　　B. having made

　　C. are being made

　　D. will be making

　　32. —Another cup of coffee? That’s your third since lunch.

　　—Yeah, well, I __________all night preparing for my history exam. I can hardly keep my eyes open.

　　A. stayed up

　　B. have stayed up

　　C. have been staying up

　　D. will stay up

　　33. We won’t know how much food to buy until we decide how many people________.

　　A. were coming

　　B. are coming

　　C. have been coming

　　D. had come

　　34. Please stop to have a rest. You ________the washing machine the whole morning.

　　A. have repaired

　　B. were repairing

　　C. have been repaired

　　D. have been repairing

　　35. —Mom, you should have taken me to the park this morning.

　　—I had planned to, but I couldn’t afford the time. I ________a lecture.

　　A. had given

　　B. gave

　　C. was giving

　　D. would give

　　36. —Gina has a sweet tooth and loves meat more than anything else.

　　—No wonder she ________weight so fast.

　　A. gains

　　B. gained

　　C. had gained

　　D. is gaining

　　37. —Where can we get your new science fiction?

　　—I’m sorry, it _______and will come out next week.

　　A. has been printed

　　B. will be printed

　　C. is printed

　　D. is being printed

　　38. —Has the football match just started?

　　—Just started? It must be clear who __________by now.

　　A. is winning

　　B. wins

　　C. has won

　　D. would win

　　39. —Let’s discuss the question raised last night, shall we?

　　—There is no hurry for that. I _______for a conference.

　　A. headed

　　B. was heading

　　C. am heading

　　D. have headed

　　40. —John and Lucia got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?

　　—No, I __________a lecture in another city.

　　A. gave

　　B. have given

　　C. had given

　　D. was giving

　　答案

　　1 D 2 A 3 A4 A 5 B 6 C 7B 8B 9B10 C

　　11 A 12.【解析】选B。考查动词时态。由时间状语now可知, 该句应为现在进行时。解题时注意, 不要受后面虚拟语气句中时态的干扰。

　　13.【解析】选C。考查动词的时态、语态。句意为：他的全部精力都集中在玩电脑游戏上了。因此甚至没有注意到母亲走进房间。fix one’s attention on表示“集中精力在……上”, attention是动词fix的宾语, 所以attention与fix之间是被动关系。

　　14.【解析】选D。考查动词的时态。句意为：没有人料到这个瘦瘦的女孩会坚持到最后并成为国际马拉松比赛的第一名。人们的预料发生在比赛结束之前, 所以用过去完成时表示过去的过去。

　　15.【解析】选D。考查动词的时态。由该句的时间状语“Ever since Dolly. . . in 1997”判断, 应用完成时, 但ring是瞬间动词, 不能与“ever since+过去时间的时间状语”连用, 故用现在完成进行时。

　　16.【解析】选A。考查时态。一般过去时和现在完成时均可表示事情已经发生, 但一般过去时强调动作本身, 而现在完成时强调该动作的结果和影响。第一个人说自己的ID card丢了想寻求帮助, 所以应用现在完成时。

　　17.【解析】选C。考查动词的时态。该题的时间状语为since+过去的时间点, 结合后面的“my next stop is the Wuyi Mountain”可以看出这里应该用现在完成进行时, 表示从过去开始的动作一直持续到现在, 并可能持续下去。

　　18.【解析】选D。考查动词的时态。由句意可知造成损失应发生在过去, 后句的虚拟语气可作为推测的依据。

　　19.【解析】选C。考查时态。由句意可知discuss questions是在明天上午9：30正在进行。因此使用将来进行时。

　　20.【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。由句中的soon可知, 这里表示将来发生的动作, 应用一般将来时, offer与I之间是动宾关系, 故应用被动语态。

　　21.【解析】选B。考查动词的时态。根据语境判断“忘记”这一动作发生在过去而非现在, 故用一般过去时。

　　22.【解析】选C。考查时态。从本题的语境来看, 说话人刚才没有在听对方的建议, 因此, 使用过去进行时表示“听”的动作刚才没有在发生。

　　23.【解析】选B。考查动词的时态与语态。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响, 所以用现在完成时, take与measures之间构成动宾关系, 所以要用被动语态。

　　24.【解析】选B。考查动词的时态。由题干中的定语从句可知这位教授现在在澳大利亚执教; 主句描述的是过去的一段经历, 故此处应用一般过去时, 注意不能因为句中的时间状语for more than twenty years而误选现在完成时。

　　25.【解析】选A。考查动词的时态。对方提出应该在下周聚一聚, 说话人认为这是一个不错的计划, 到时候（next week）会给对方打电话联系。

　　26.【解析】选D。考查时态。句意为：——抱歉, 我走神了。你说的什么？——你上课总是心不在焉。根据对话内容可知选D。

　　27.【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。choose的动作发生在过去的过去, 应用过去完成时。此处又表示被动, 故用过去完成时的被动语态。

　　28.【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。日期被推迟, 所以用被动;这里表示的是对过去动作的一般性陈述, 应用一般过去时。

　　29.【解析】选B。考查时态。第一句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 因此第二句应该用一般过去时。

　　30.【解析】选A。考查动词的时态。从since可知应该用现在完成时态。句意：自3月13日出版以来, 这本书在很多中文书店都成了畅销书。

　　31.【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。句意为：由于俄罗斯限制向欧洲出口天然气, 他们正在努力用植物燃料来作为一种新的能源。此处的make和attempts之间是动宾关系, 故用被动语态。

　　32.【解析】选A。考查动词的时态。从语意“我熬了整整一夜准备历史考试, 现在眼睛都睁不开了。”可知, stay up的动作发生在过去, 时态应该用一般过去时, 故应该选A项。

　　33.【解析】选B。考查时态。句意：直到我们断定有多少人要来, 我们才知道需要买多少食物。这里are coming表示将来, 故B项正确。

　　34.【解析】选D。考查时态。句意为：请停下来歇会吧。这台洗衣机你已经修了整整一上午了。本题说话者表示：从早晨到现在一直修理洗衣机, 并强调此刻还在修理, 故用现在完成进行时。

　　35.【解析】选C。考查动词时态。表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作用过去进行时。故选项C正确。

　　36.【解析】选D。考查动词的时态。——吉娜喜欢甜食而且酷爱吃肉。——难怪她的体重增加这么快。她的体重增加是目前正在持续发生的动作, 因此用现在进行时。（it is）no wonder (that)表示“难怪……; ……不足为奇”。

　　37.【解析】选D。考查时态和语态。根据后面的will come out next week可知, 应该选择D项, 用现在进行时的被动语态表示（小说）正在（被）印刷中。

　　38.【解析】选A。考查动词时态。根据对话内容可知应该选择A项。本题的现在进行时表示将来时态, 即到这时候为止, 一定已经很清楚谁要赢了。其他选项不合题意。

　　39.【解析】选C。考查时态。句意为：——我们讨论一下昨晚提出的问题, 好吗？——不必这么匆忙, 我要去开会。根据语境可知C项正确, 此处用现在进行时表示将来。

　　40.【解析】选D。考查时态。由语境可知在上周, 他们举行婚礼时, “我”正在另一个城市讲学, 因此用过去进行时, 表示在过去某段时间正在进行的动作。.（2010·全国卷I·T32）The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_________

　　A. is made

　　B. would make

　　C. was to be made

　　D. had made

　　.(2010·辽宁卷·T24）Joseph ______to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.

　　A．has been going

　　B．went

　　C．goes

　　D．has gone

　　.（2010·辽宁卷·T30）.I _______ all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.

　　A．will do

　　B．do

　　C．am doing

　　D．had done

　　.（2010·陕西卷·T 21）I have to see the doctor because I

　　a lot lately.

　　A. have been coughing

　　B. had coughed

　　C. coughed

　　D. cough

　　.（2010·上海卷·T 28）. Every few years, the coal workers

　　their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.

　　A. are having

　　B. have

　　C. have had

　　D. had had

　　.（2010·上海卷·T 31）The church tower which

　　will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.

　　A. has restored

　　B. has been restored

　　C. is restoring

　　D. is being restored

　　.（2010·四川卷·T16）. —When shall we restart our business?

　　—Not until we

　　our plan.

　　A. will finish

　　B. are finishing

　　C. are to finish

　　D. have finished

　　.（2010·安徽卷·T28）—Were you surprised by the ending of the film?

　　—No, I ____the book, so I already knew the story.

　　A. was reading

　　B. had read

　　C. am reading

　　D. have read

　　（2010·北京卷·T 24）—I've not finished with my dinner yet.

　　—But our friends

　　for us.

　　A. will wait

　　B. wait

　　C. have waited

　　D. are waiting

　　（2010·北京卷·T 26）—I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you want to return on September 20?

　　—Sorry, I

　　myself clear. We want to return on October 20.

　　A. hadn't made

　　B. wouldn't make

　　C. don't make

　　D. haven't made

　　11.（2010·湖南卷·T24）This coastal area

　　a national wildlife reserve last year.

　　A. was namedB. namedC. is namedD. names

　　1.（2010·湖南卷·T27）I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone

　　it. Was it you?

　　A. has doneB. had doneC. would doD. will do

　　.（2010·湖南卷·T31）I walked slowly through the market, where people

　　all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.

　　A. sellB. were sellingC. had soldD. have sold

　　1.（2009·全国卷T 26）Her sister left home in 1998, and _______since.

　　A. had not been heard of

　　B. has not been heard of

　　C. had not heard of

　　D. has not heard of

　　15.（2009·全国卷T 29）Edward, you play so well. But I _______you played the piano.

　　A. didn’t know

　　B. hadn’t known

　　C. don’t know

　　D. haven’t known

　　16. （2009·全国卷T 8）Progress __________so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.

　　A. was

　　B. had been

　　C. has been

　　D. will be

　　17.（2009·北京 T 23）Scientists have many theories about how the universe ________into being.

　　A. came

　　B. was coming

　　C. had come

　　D. would come

　　18.（2009·北京 T 27）The way the guests_______ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.

　　A. treated

　　B. were treated

　　C. would treat

　　D. would be treated

　　19.（2009·北京 T 30）When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we _____up , her voice had been full of life.

　　A. were hanging

　　B. had hung

　　C. hung

　　D. would hang

　　20.（2009·山东T 34）I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it________ .

　　A. was happening

　　B. happened

　　C. happens

　　D. has happened

　　21.（2009·湖南T 23）When he_______ the door, he found his keys were nowhere.

　　A. would open

　　B. opened

　　C. had opened

　　D. was to open

　　22.（2009·湖南T 27）Would you please keep silent? The weather report________ and I want to listen.

　　A. is broadcast

　　B. is being broadcast

　　C. has been broadcast

　　D. had been broadcast

　　23.（2009·湖南T 35）—The food here is nice enough.

　　—My friend

　　_______ me a right place.

　　A. introduces

　　B. introduced

　　C. had introduced

　　D. was introducing

　　24.（2009·浙江T 9）Over the past decades, sea ice ________in the Arctic as a result of global warming.

　　A. had decreased

　　B. decreased

　　C. has been decreasing

　　D. is decreasing

　　25.（2009·浙江T 20）—What do you think of the movie?

　　—It’s fantastic. The only pity is that I _______the beginning of it.

　　A. missed

　　B. had missed

　　C. miss

　　D. would miss

　　26.（2009·辽宁 T 24）Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair ______all day. Could you speak to her now?

　　A. phones

　　B. has phoned

　　C. has been phoning

　　D. phoned

　　27.（2009·辽宁 T 31）My parents have promised to come to see me before I _______for Africa.

　　A. have left

　　B. leave

　　C. left

　　D. will leave

　　28. （2009·江苏 T 21）The population of Jiangsu________ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.

　　A. has grown

　　B. have grown

　　C. grew

　　D. are growing

　　29.（2009·江苏T 22）—Ann is in hospital.

　　—Oh, really? I ______know. I __________go and visit her.

　　A. didn’t; am going to

　　B. don’t; would

　　C. don’t; will

　　D. didn’t; will

　　30. （2009·江苏T 25）—Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?

　　—Sorry. __________ .

　　A. It’s repaired

　　B. It has been repaired

　　C. It’s being repaired

　　D. It had been repaired

　　31.（2009·陕西 T 9）This is the first time we _______a film in the cinema together as a family.

　　A. see

　　B. had seen

　　C. saw

　　D. have seen

　　32.（2009·江西T 29）—What is the price of petrol these days?

　　—Oh, it ________sharply since last month.

　　A. is raised

　　B. has risen

　　C. has arisen

　　D. is increased

　　33.（2009·江西 T 31）—Do you want a lift home?

　　—It’s very kind of you, but I have to work late in the office. I overslept this morning because my alarm clock______.

　　A. doesn’t go off

　　B. won’t go off

　　C. wasn’t going off

　　D. didn’t go off

　　34.（2009·安徽T 23）Daniel’s family ________their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.

　　A. are enjoying

　　B. are to enjoy

　　C. will enjoy

　　D. will be enjoying

　　35.（2009·重庆T 23）She stared at the painting, wondering where she______ it.

　　A. saw

　　B. has seen

　　C. sees

　　D. had seen

　　36.（2009·重庆T 28）—I’ve got to go now.

　　—Must you? I _______you could stay for dinner with us.

　　A. think

　　B. thought

　　C. have thought

　　D. am thinking

　　37.（2009·重庆T 30）Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _________to the well-educated.

　　A. belongs

　　B. is belonged

　　C. is belonging

　　D. will be belonged

　　38.（2009·福建T 22） —Why does the lake smell terrible?

　　—Because large quantities of water_________.

　　A. have polluted

　　B. is being polluted

　　C. has been polluted

　　D. have been polluted

　　39.（2009·福建T 31）According to the literary review, Shakespeare ______his characters live through their language in his plays.

　　A. will make

　　B. had made

　　C. was making

　　D. makes

　　40.（2009·四川T 15）

　　—Why don’t we choose that road to save time?

　　—The bridge to it_________.

　　A. has repaired

　　B. is repaired

　　C. is being repaired

　　D. will be repaired

　　41.（2009·四川T 18）—You speak very good French!

　　—Thanks. I _____French in Sichuan University for four years.

　　A. studied

　　B. study

　　C. was studying

　　D. had studied

　　42.（2009·上海T 29）Mary went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets _______ out.

　　A. would sell

　　B. had sold

　　C. have sold

　　D. was selling

　　43.（2009·上海T 36）During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _________not to touch any unattended bag.

　　A. had always been warned

　　B. were always being warned

　　C. are always warning

　　D. always warned

　　答案

　　1.【解析】选C。根据句中的谓语动词led可知此句叙述的事情与过去有关，故首先排除A。make a fortune表示“发财”，由此可知从句中的主语a fortune与make之间应是被动关系，故选C项。was/were to be done属于过去将来被动的一种形式。

　　【解析】选A。句意：约瑟夫自从上个月就一直去夜校，可是他仍然不能用俄语说“你叫什么名字？从句意可知所表示的动作是从过去发生到现在一直进行着，而且还有可能继续下去，所以要用现在完成进行时，因此选择A项。另外可以使用排除法，题干中有since last year, 和since 连用时句子的谓语动词要用相应的完成时，故排除B、C两项。根据下文中的but 可知，这个动作还有可能继续下去，而D项只表示过去的事情对现在的影响，不表动作还会继续，故排除D项。

　　【解析】选B。句意：我为一家人做饭，但是最近我太忙不能做了。“我为一家人做饭”这个动作是经常性客观事实，所以用一般现在时态。而will do表示将来要做的动作；am doing 表示动作正在进行；had done 表过去的过去，但此处没有一个过去的时间或动作相比较，故只能选B。

　　.【解析】选A。根据题干中的lately（= recently最近，近来）时间提示，应该选择与现在完成时相关的时态，所以选A。

　　.【解析】选B。句意为：每隔几年，煤炭工人就会做肺部X射线检查来确保他们的身体健康。根据时间状语every few years可知此句要用一般现在时态，故选B项。

　　.【解析】选D。句意为：正在被修建的教堂塔楼很快将会向游客开放，这项工程即将竣工。表示现在正在进行的动作而且谓语动词与前面的主语间是被动关系，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态，故选D。另外，还可以用排除法，由The work is almost finished可以排除A、B两项，而C项语态不正确。

　　【解析】选D。答语句意：直到我们完成我们的计划，我们才重新开始我们的业务。将答语补充完整为：We shall not restart our business until we have finished our plan。表示到将来某个时间完成的行为通常用将来完成时，而句中until引导的是一个时间状语从句，故用现在完成时代替将来完成时，由此可知选项D正确。【解析】选B。句意：—你对电影的结尾感到吃惊吗？—不，我读过这本书，所以我已经知道这个故事了。根据句意，“吃惊”就是过去的动作，而“读书”应是过去的过去，故用过去完成时。

　　【解析】选D。句意：“我还没有吃完饭哪。”“但是我们的朋友在等我们。”由语境可wait这个动作正在进行，所以要用现在进行时。

　　1.【解析】选D。句意：“对不起，我不太理解你的话。你是说你想九月二十号回来吗？”“对不起，我没有表达清楚。我想十月二十号回来。”由语境可知第二个人表示歉意的时候，他还没有让对方明白他的意思，所以要用现在完成时，表示对现在造成的影响和结果，故选D项。

　　.【解析】选A。句意为：去年，该海岸区被命名为国家野生动物保护区。该句表被动关系，故排除B、D两项。由时间状语last year可知该用一般过去时，故选A。

　　.【解析】选B。句意是：我正打算去修剪我的玫瑰树，但有人已经剪了，是你剪的吗？

　　从语境可以判断，这里需用过去完成时表示其动作先于前一分句was just going to cut的动作，故选B项。

　　.【解析】选B。这两句中的其它时态都是过去时，暗示了此处用过去进行时比较合适。句意为：我慢慢走过市场，那儿人们正在出售各种水果和蔬菜。我仔细研究价格后买下了我所需要的。

　　【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意为：她姐姐1998年离开家, 从那时起再也没听到过她的消息。由since可知用现在完成时, hear of与her sister在本句中为被动关系。排除选项A和C; D项语态不对。

　　.【解析】选A。考查时态。句意为：爱德华, 你弹得这么好。但是我还不知道你会弹钢琴呢。根据句意可知“不知道爱德华会弹钢琴”是过去的事, 和现在没有任何关系, 故用一般过去时。

　　.【解析】选C。考查时态。句意为：迄今为止进展顺利, 我们确信会准时完成这项工作的。由so far可知用现在完成时。

　　.【解析】选A。考查时态。句意为：关于宇宙是如何形成的, 科学家有许多理论。根据句意可知宇宙的产生绝非过去将来要发生的事, 所以先排除B、D两项, C项had come为过去的过去, 因题干中无过去时间作参照, 故排除。“宇宙形成”是过去的动作, 故用一般过去时。

　　.【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意为：在旅馆里客人被招待的方式影响他们对服务的评价。treat为及物动词, 此处应用被动语态, 排除选项A和C。D项为过去将来时的被动语态, 不符合语境。由influenced可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。

　　.【解析】选C。考查时态。句意为：我和奶奶在通电话时, 她听起来很虚弱, 但是到我们挂断电话时, 她的嗓音已经充满活力了。由her voice had been full of life可知此处应用一般过去时。

　　.【解析】选B。考查时态。句意为：那时我出城了, 因此我真的不知道是怎么发生的。由句意可知happen应为过去的动作, 和现在没有关系, 故用happened。

　　.【解析】选D。考查时态。句意为：当他要开门时, 发现钥匙不见了。根据句意可知, B、C选项错误。when引导的时间状语从句不可用过去将来时, 但可以用be to do sth. 故选D。

　　.【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意为：你保持安静好吗？正在广播天气预报, 我想听一下。根据句意可知应使用现在进行时的被动语态。

　　.【解析】选B。考查时态。句意为：——这儿的饭菜真好。

　　——我朋友给我介绍了一个好地方。朋友介绍是过去发生的动作, 故用一般过去时, 排除A; 没有过去时作参照, 不能使用过去完成时, 故排除C; 此处introduce为一完整动作, 不能用过去进行时, 故排除D。

　　.【解析】选C。考查时态。由时间状语over the past decades可知选项A、B和D错误。C项表示冰块从过去开始减少一直持续到现在仍在减少, 符合语境。

　　.【解析】选A。考查时态。句意为：——你觉得这部电影怎么样？——太棒了。惟一可惜的是, 我错过了开头。由句意可知错过电影开头应属过去的动作, 故用一般过去时。

　　.【解析】选C。考查时态。来自Vanity Fair的记者打电话从过去的某个时间点开始一直持续到现在, 因此应该使用现在完成进行时。

　　.【解析】选B。考查时