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2017高考英语备考复习课件:动词的时态和语态课件

发布时间:2017-02-21  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  4.一般过去时

  ①I didn’t know,I didn’t mean,I thought等表示“原来不知

  道”“本没想”“原以为”。

  Sorry,but I didn’t mean to hurt you.

  ②用于虚拟语气中。

  It is time that we went to bed. 固定句式或结构中的动词时态 1.This/It is the first/second time+that从句。that从句中用现在完成时。

  如把is改为was,则从句中用过去完成时。

  This is the first time I have come here.

  It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.

  2.It is/has been+一段时间+since 从句。since从句中用一般过去时。

  如 把is改为was,则从句中用过去完成时。

  It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.

  3.was/were about to do...when...

  意为“将要做……(这时)突然……”。

  I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 时态的区别

  1.一般过去时与现在完成时

  ①一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或情况,与现在没有什么

  联系,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时则表示从过去

  开始持续到现在的动作或情况,强调对现在造成的影响或结果,

  常与for或since短语连用。

  I didn’t see her last week.我上周没有见到她。

  I haven’t seen her since last week.

  自上周以来我一直未见过她。

  ②人们在谈论一个话题时,常常用现在完成时提出该话题,然后用

  一般过去时具体谈论事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等。

  “I have got a headache.”“No wonder.You worked in front of

  that computer too long.”

  “Have you shown him around the museum yet?”“Yes.We had

  a great time there.” ③一般过去时、现在完成时都可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。区别 是:一般过去时表示某动作曾持续一段时间,但在过去某个时间就已 终止;现在完成时则表示某动作一直持续到现在,还没有终止。 I have lived in London for many years,and I’ve got used to the life there. I lived in London for many years,but I’ve never regretted my final

  decision to move back to China. 2.一般过去时与过去完成时

  ①一般过去时多与last year,yesterday,3 years ago等表示过去的时

  间状语连用;过去完成时多与by the end of last year,the

  day before,3 years before等时间状语连用。

  A cold wind started yesterday evening.

  A cold wind was blowing from the north.It had started the evening

  before.

  ②过去完成时一般不单独使用,上下文中通常要有另一个过去的动

  作相比较。即:当一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前时,该动作

  才能用过去完成时。

  John planned to spend 3,000 for his wedding.

  John spent 3,000 more than he had planned for his wedding.

  The girl next to me on the plane was nervous.She hadn’t flown before.

  比较:

  The girl next to me on the plane is nervous.She hasn’t flown before. 谓语动词的语态

  1.被动语态的构成 一般现在时:am/is/are done 一般过去时:was/were done 一般将来时:shall/will be done

  现在进行时:am/is/are being done

  过去进行时:was/were being done

  过去将来时:should/would be done

  现在完成时:has/have been done

  过去完成时:had been done 2.“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态

  His car got damaged in a road accident.

  In the end this story got translated into English. 3.主动语态表示被动意义

  ①系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear+形容词

  /名词构成的系表结构。

  The steel feels cold.

  His plan proved(to be)practical.

  ②某些动词,如:read,write,sell,wash,wear,lock,dry等可

  用主动语态表示被动意义,通常表明主语的某种属性或特征,一

  般带有一个副词作修饰语。

  This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。

  Your pen writes smoothly.你的笔好写。

  This knife cuts well.这把刀子很快。 模块〈Ⅰ〉 高考体验——品真题 A组 2010年 12.(重庆卷)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it

  ________ on the market in 1973.

  A.had come

  B.has come

  C.came

  D.comes

  解析:考查时态,主句用的是现在完成时,since引导的状语从句

  用过去时。

  答案:C 13.(重庆卷)The palace caught fires three times in the last century, and

  little of the original building ________ now.

  A.remains

  B.is remained

  C.is remaining

  D.has been remained

  解析:句意:该宫殿在上世纪曾三次失火,现在原始的建筑物所剩

  无几。考查动词时态和语态。remain是不及物动词,没有被动式或

  进行时,故排除B、C和D,而选择A。

  答案:A 14.(浙江卷)For many years, people ________ electric cars. However,

  making them has been more difficult than predicted.

  A.had dreamed of

  B.have dreamed of

  C.dreamed of

  D.dream of

  解析:句意:多年以来,人们都梦想着电力汽车的出现。但是,制造

  电力汽车比预想的要更加复杂。考查动词时态。根据时间状语

  for many years可知句子为完成时,故排除C、D;句子并没有过去的

  时间或过去的动作,因此不存在“过去的过去”,排除A。故

  选B项。

  答案:B 15.(山东卷)Up to now, the program ________ thousands of

  children who would otherwise have died.

  A.would save

  B.saves

  C.had saved

  D.has saved

  解析:句意:迄今为止,这个项目己经救了好几千名孩子。

  如果没有这个项目,这些孩子早就死了。up to now相当于

  by now,要与现成完成时连用。

  答案:D B组 2009年 1.(全国卷Ⅰ)His sister left home in 1998,and ________ since.

  A.had not been heard of

  B.has not been heard of

  C.had not heard of

  D.has not heard of

  解析:考查动词的时态和语态。语意为:他姐姐在1998年

  离开了家,此后人们再也没有听到她的消息。根据句意可

  知应用被动语态,句中的since暗示应用现在完成时,因此

  答案为B。

  答案:B 2.(全国卷Ⅱ)Progress ________ so far very good and we are sure

  that the work will be finished on time.

  A.was

  B.had been

  C.has been

  D.will be

  解析:考查动词的时态。so far“到目前为止”,常用于现在

  完成时态。语意:迄今为止,进展非常顺利,我们相信这项

  工作能够按时完成。

  答案:C 3.(北京卷)Scientists have many theories about how the universe

  ________ into being.

  A.came

  B.was coming

  C.had come

  D.would come

  解析:考查动词的时态。主句的时态是一般现在时,由此可知

  是在现在叙述过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。Come

  into being表示“形成;开始存在”,无被动形式。

  答案:A 4.(四川卷)—Why don’t we choose that road to save time?

  —The bridge to it ________.

  A.has repaired

  B.is repaired

  C.is being repaired

  D.will be repaired

  解析:考查动词的时态和语态。语意:——为什么我们不选择那条

  路节约时间?——去那儿的桥正在维修。这里用现在进行时的被

  动语态表示桥正在被修。

  答案:C 5.(天津卷)My parents ________ in Hong Kong.They were born there

  and have never lived anywhere else.

  A.live

  B.lived

  C.were living

  D.will live

  解析:考查动词的时态。由第二句“我的父母生于香港,且迄今

  为止从未在他处居住过”可知,他们一直居住在香港,现在仍

  然是,指的是现实情况,故用一般现在时。

  答案:A 6.(安徽卷)Daniel’s family ________ their holiday in Huang shan this

  time next week.

  A.are enjoying

  B.are to enjoy

  C.will enjoy

  D.will be enjoying

  解析:考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语this time next week

  可知,这里表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,所以要用将来进

  行时。

  答案:D 7.(浙江卷)Over the past decades,sea ice ________ in the Arctic as a

  result of global warming.

  A.had decreased

  B.decreased

  C.has been decreasing

  D.is decreasing

  解析:考查动词的时态。由从句中的over the past decades可知,此

  处应该用现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去一直持续到现在并将

  持续下去。

  答案:C 8.(福建卷)According to the literary review,Shakespeare ________

  his characters live through their language in his plays.

  A.will make

  B.had made

  C.was making

  D.makes

  解析:考查动词时态。题干是陈述一个客观真理,用一般现在时,

  选D。

  答案:D 9.(重庆卷)She stared at the painting,wondering where

  she ________ it.

  A.saw

  B.has seen

  C.sees

  D.had seen

  解析:考查动词的时态。根据句意可知,see这一动作发生在

  谓语动词stared表示的动作之前,而stared是一般过去时,所

  以这里要用过去完成时,表示“过去的过去”。

  答案:D 10.(江苏卷)—Ann is in hospital.

  —Oh,really?I ________ know.I ________ go and visit her.

  A.didn’t;am going to

  B.don’t;would

  C.don’t;will

  D.didn’t;will

  解析:考查动词的时态。从对话内容可知,说话人在说话前

  不知道Ann 在住院,因此第一空应该使用一般过去时。去医

  院看她是临时做出的决定或安排,因此,第二空使用will。

  be going to则表示在说话前已经安排好要做某事,这与对话

  矛盾,故选项A错误。

  答案:D 1.一般现在时

  ①表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

  We always care for each other and help each other.

  ②表示现在存在的状态。

  The Yangtze River rises in Qinghai.

  ③表示自然规律、科学事实、客观存在、谚语格言等。

  Light travels faster than sound.

  Actions speak louder than words. 2.现在进行时

  表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。

  He’s showing a foreign guest round the city.

  We’re practising spoken English this week. 3.一般将来时

  表示将要发生的动作或情况。

  When will you be able to give us an answer? 4.一般过去时

  ①表示过去已发生的但与现在没关系的事情,动作或情况(包括

  习惯性动作)。

  He worked in the factory for 3 years.

  ②表示过去经常发生的或习惯性动作。

  She often came to help us.

  ③常用一般过去时具体谈论事情发生的时间、地点、方式、原因等情况。

  When did the accident happen? 5.现在完成时

  ①表示过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作,强调对现在的影响。

  We have lived separately since last year.

  ②某些表示时间的词汇或短语常与现在完成时连用。如:lately,so

  far,in/over/for the past/last few years等。

  I haven’t had enough sleep lately.

  The scientist is doing experiments no one has so far attempted. 6.过去进行时

  ①表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作。

  What were you doing at nine last night?

  ②常用过去进行时来描述故事发生的背景。

  One day,we were walking along a road....Suddenly.... 7.过去完成时

  ①表示过去某时间之前已完成的动作(即“过去的过去”)。

  By the end of June we had treated 30,000 patients.

  ②在主从复合句中,如果一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前,

  这一动作要用过去完成时。

  When I woke up,it had already stopped raining. 8.过去将来时

  ①表示从过去某时看将来要发生的事情。

  The time was not far off when he would regret this decision.

  ②表示过去习惯性的动作。

  Whenever he had time,he would help them in their work. 9.现在完成进行时

  ①表示一直持续到现在,还可能进行下去的动作。

  How long has it been raining?

  ②表示某动作持续时间太长,有令人疲劳或厌倦等含义。

  I have been sitting here all afternoon. 10.过去完成进行时

  表示过去某时间之前一直进行的动作。

  It had been raining for two days.The fields were all under water. 11.将来进行时

  表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。

  I won’t be free on Friday morning.I’ll be seeing a friend off. 12.将来完成时

  表示将来某时已完成的动作。

  By this time next year we’ll have turned all the land into rice fields. 1.一般现在时

  ①表示按计划、规定、安排要发生的动作,主要指由时刻表、日程

  表规定循环进行的动作。

  When does the train stop at Jinan?

  ②在时间、条件、让步状语从句中要用一般现在时或现在完成时

  表示将来。

  I’ll write to her when I have time.

  I’ll have a good time whether I win or lose.

  ③make sure,take care,mind,it doesn’t matter,I don’t care

  后跟that从句时,从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。

  We must take care that no one sees us.

  It doesn’t matter where we go on holiday. 3.一般将来时

  ①表示倾向性动作。

  Oil will float on water.

  Crops will die without water.

  This machine won’t work.

  机器不能运转了。

  What’s the matter with the pen?The ink won’t come out.

  钢笔怎么啦?墨水不出了。

  ②表示临时的决定、即刻的打算。

  “I hear Wang Ling is ill in hospital.”“Then I’ll go to see her.” 小贴士:

  won’t可用来表示“不能, 没法”,表示主体不具有某 种功能。

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