湖南省株洲四中高三英语牛津译林版《非谓语动词》专项练习

　　2. 结合各种句法功能中非谓语动词的具体用法和考点，可以完满解题。非谓语动词具体常考考点如下：

　　⑴作主语的考点：

　　①句型：It’s +adj./n. +to do和It’s no good/no use doing。

　　②to do/doing作主语，谓语动词用单数。

　　⑵作表语的考点：

　　①句型：one’s dream/plan/goal/aim/intention/purpose/… is to do sth.。

　　②sth. remain done (某事某物处于……状态)/sth. remain to be done(某事某物有待于……)。

　　③ 主语有do，表语可无to，如：What you should do is (to) listen carefully.

　　④V-ing形容词作表语，表示事物客观性质特征，“令人……的”，V-ed形容词作表语，表示主观心理感受，“感到……”，如：exciting/excited。

　　⑶作宾语的考点：

　　①记忆：分别只能跟doing或to do作宾语的动词和短语；既能跟doing又能跟to do作宾语且意义有区别的动词和短语；介词只能跟doing作宾语。记忆跟doing主动表被动的动词和短语：need/want/require +doing=need/want/require +to be done；be worth doing=be worthy of being done/be worthy to be done。

　　② wish/intend/plan/mean +to have done表“本打算做却未实现”。

　　③but/except/other than可跟to do作宾语，且“有do无to”，如：We had no choice but to wait./We could do nothing but wait.

　　⑷作定语的考点：

　　①常考to be done(将被……的)/being done (正被……)/done(已经被……)。

　　②有first/last/next/最高级/序数词等修饰的名词，须跟to do作修饰语。

　　③sb. have sth. to do表“某人有事要(亲自)做”；sb. have sth. to be done表“某人有事要(让别人)做”。

　　⑸作状语的考点：

　　① to do一般作目的状语，“为了……”；在固定句型：sb. be +(心情)adj. +to do作原因状语，在sb. be too… to do中作结果状语；only +to do表“意料之外的结果”，thus +doing表“自然而然的结果”。

　　②doing和done作状语均表状态，一个主动，一个被动。

　　③分词相当于形容词，可以直接作状语，表主语所处状态。如：faced with，dressed in…。

　　④非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。

　　⑹作补语的考点：

　　①记忆使役动词和感官动词的宾补：make/let +O +do/done；have +O +do/doing/done；

　　get/leave +O +to do/doing/done；keep/find +O +doing/done；look at /see/watch/notice /observe/listen to /hear/feel +O +do/doing/done。注意：have/get sth. done作使役动词的宾补，常表“使某事被别人做/让他人做某事”；省to不等式“被动还原”，如：be made to do。

　　②记忆须用to do作宾补的4个动词：advise/allow/permit/forbid +O +to do；以及须用to do作宾补的其他动词，如：ask/tell/beg/order/wish/warn/…+O +to do。

　　③记忆产生主补的动词：sb. be made/seen/…+to do；sb. be advised/allowed/permitted/ forbidden to do??

　　④记忆主补句型：sb. be reported/said/…+to do=It’s reported / said that从句(据……)；以及sb./sth. be + adj. +to do (某人/某物具有……的性质特征)，此句型中to do主动表被动。

　　非谓语动词考点较多，我们需抓住非谓语动词的基本性质特征和各种句法功能中非谓语动词的具体用法来解题。试看以下高考题解题方法：

　　1. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _____ the answers ready will be of great help. (2005北京)

　　A. To have had

　　B. Having had

　　C. Have

　　D. Having

　　解析：思考过程：①句子谓语动词是will be，非谓语动词作主语；②只有to do和doing可以作主语，排除C；③A、B项均表示“比谓语动词动作先发生”，一起排除，故选D。

　　2. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _____ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. (2010福建)

　　A. sticking

　　B. stuck

　　C. to be stuck

　　D. to have stuck

　　解析：思考过程：①句子谓语动词是系动词remain，非谓语动词作表语；②此时，stick的逻辑主语是holidaymakers，二者之间是被动关系，排除A、D；③ remain stuck表“处于被困住的状态”，remain to be stuck表“有待于被……”。根据句意“度假者被困住了”，选B。

　　3. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _____. (2010江西)

　　A. to discover

　　B. to be discovered

　　C. discovered

　　D. being discovered

　　解析：思考过程：①句子主干是There were many talented actors out there，结构完整，伴随状语just waiting需非谓语动词作状语；②此时discover的逻辑主语是actors，二者之间是被动关系，排除A；③最后根据wait to do的搭配，排除C、D，选B。

　　4. So far nobody has claimed the money _____ in the library. (2010湖南)

　　A. discovered

　　B. to be discovered

　　C. discovering

　　D. having discovered

　　解析：思考过程：①句子主干是nobody has claimed

　　the money，结构完整，非谓语选项作money这个名词的定语；②此时discover的逻辑主语是the money，二者之间是被动关系，排除C、D；③A、B两项均表被动，discovered表“已被发现的”，to be discovered表“将被发现的”，根据句意“没人认领图书馆里被发现的钱”，选A。

　　5. Dina, _____ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (2010湖南)

　　A. struggling

　　B. struggled

　　C. having struggled

　　D. to struggle

　　解析：思考过程：①句子主干是Dina finally took a position at a local advertising agency.，结构完整，非谓语动词作状语；②此时struggle的逻辑主语是Dina，二者之间是主动关系，排除B；③A、C、D均为主动，而作状语时，having done表示比谓语动词动作先发生。根据句意“Dina为找一个作侍者的工作已奋斗了数月”，选C。

　　6. Listen! Do you hear someone _____ for help? (2010湖南)

　　A. calling

　　B. call

　　C. to call

　　D. called

　　解析：思考过程：①句子主干是Do you hear someone，结构完整，非谓语动词作宾补，根据hear sb. do/doing/done的结构，排除C；②此时call的逻辑主语是someone，二者之间是主动关系，排除D；③Ａ和B区别在于作hear的宾补时，doing表“正发生的动作”，do表“动作全过程”，根据句意“你听见有人正在呼救吗”，选A。

　　考点归纳：以上例题充分体现了非谓语动词的句法功能，即作各种句子成分时的不同用法。

　　应对策略：我们需要利用非谓语动词基本性质特征和各种句法功能中非谓语动词的具体用法来解题。

　　1. 利用非谓语动词的基本性质特征，有三个基本解题步骤：

　　⑴寻找句子谓语动词V1或主干，确定非谓语动词在句中的成分和作用。

　　在句子中，非谓语动词除了不能作谓语，其他的成分都能作。如下表：

　　非谓语动词 在句子中充当的成分

　　主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语

　　to do √ √ √ √ √ √

　　doing √ √ √ √ √ √

　　done × × √ √ √ √

　　(2)寻找非谓语动词的逻辑主语，判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系，确定非谓语动词的主/被动形式（逻辑主语发出动作，用主动形式；逻辑主语承受动作，用被动形式）。

　　非谓语动词的逻辑主语可按下表寻找：

　　非谓语动词 在句子中充当的成分和相应的逻辑主语

　　主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语

　　to do for/of sb. 句子

　　主语 被修

　　饰词 句子

　　主语 句子

　　宾语

　　或主语

　　doing sb./one’s

　　done × ×

　　⑶比较非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作的先、后或同步顺序，确定非谓语动词时间性质。

　　非谓语动词的基本形式及区别如下表：

　　非谓语动词 与逻辑主语主/被动关系 动作与谓语动词V1动作的时间性对比

　　to do 主动 将要进行/一次性动作/偶尔发生

　　doing 主动 正在进行/习惯性动作/经常发生

　　done 被动 已经/完成

　　非谓语动词的变化形式及区别如下表：

　　被动式及意义 进行式及意义 完成形式及意义 否定形式

　　to be done将要被 to be doing将正进行 to have done

　　to have been doing

　　to have been done 先于谓语动作发生的动作 将not置于非谓语动词整体之前

　　being done正在被 doing

　　正在进行 having done

　　having been done

　　done

　　已经被

　　1. The evidence for the man’s crime was difficult to find though _____ for a long time by the police.

　　A. sought

　　B. having sought

　　C. being sought D. having been sought

　　2. My dream is _____ a teacher in the future.

　　A. become

　　B. to become

　　C. becoming

　　D. to becoming

　　3. The injured athlete, _____ with extraordinary strength from the audience’s cheer, rose from the ground.

　　A. filled

　　B. filling

　　C. fill

　　D. to fill

　　4. Most restaurants are open every day, weekend _____.

　　A. including

　　B. included

　　C. being included D. to include

　　5. _____ ashamed, he had his face _____ with his hands.

　　A. Feeling; covering B. Feeling; covered C. Felt; covered D. Felt; covering

　　6. They suggested _____ a meeting _____ the problem.

　　A. holding; to discuss

　　B. holding; for discussing

　　C. to hold; to discuss

　　D. hold; discussing

　　7. _____ the teacher, and he will tell you the correct answer.

　　A. Turning to

　　B. Turn to

　　C. If turn to

　　D. If you turn to

　　8. This cell phone is so designed that once _____, it will send back a signal to the owner who has another controlling key.

　　A. stolen

　　B. they stolen

　　C. having stolen D. stealing

　　9. Don’t leave your homework _____ by your classmates.

　　A. doing

　　B. done

　　C. to do

　　D. being done

　　10. He sat there _____ to his wife _____ the stairs to come back.

　　A. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb

　　C. listening; climb D. listening; to climbing

　　11. _____ on time for the interview next morning, Peter set 3 alarms.

　　A. To be

　　B. Being

　　C. Be

　　D. Having been

　　12. Do you think it any use _____ again?

　　A. to try

　　B. trying

　　C. try

　　D. for you to try

　　13. I regret _____ you that you are not going to be employed by our company next season.

　　A. informing

　　B. having informed C. to inform

　　D. to informing

　　14. I would appreciate _____ me during the whole journey.

　　A. you to help

　　B. you help

　　C. your helping D. you’re helping

　　15. I was angry to find that the files I had had _____ were in a mess.

　　A. prepared

　　B. to prepared

　　C. preparing

　　D. it to be prepared

　　16. Besides _____, she is gentle and intelligent.

　　A. pretty

　　B. being pretty

　　C. she pretty

　　D. is pretty

　　17. I don’t want to speak to you, but I _____.

　　A. have to speak B. have to

　　C. must speak

　　D. must

　　18. I doubted whether the film was _____ worth _____.

　　A. very; seeing

　　B. well; being seen C. very; being seen D. well; seeing

　　19. The speaker began by _____ us where he was from, and went on _____ about his newly-made discoveries.

　　A. telling; talking B. to tell; to talk

　　C. telling; to talk D. told; talking

　　20. He was ill and had to stay at home with nothing _____.

　　A. done

　　B. to be done

　　C. to do

　　D. doing

　　21. —Why don’t you write the test paper?

　　—I have no pen _____. I’m sorry _____ one.

　　A. to write; to forget bringing

　　B. to write with; to forget to bring

　　C. to use with; to have forgotten to bring

　　D. to write with; to have forgotten to bring

　　22. The way they thought _____ the problem seemed a little bit cruel.

　　A. of to settle

　　B. to settle

　　C. of settling

　　D. settle

　　23. Having finished the project, _____.

　　A. it was almost 10 o’clock

　　B. a man came and inspected our work

　　C. supper had already become cold

　　D. everyone was tired and wanted to have a rest

　　24. _____, she was quite popular at the party.

　　A. As she a beauty B. Being a beauty

　　C. According to a beauty D. She was a beauty

　　25. A great many people _____ said they were not interested in a pop singer’s personal life style.

　　A. being question

　　B. to be questioned C. questioned

　　D. questioning

　　?

　　Key：1-5 DBABB

　　6-10 ABABC

　　11-15 ABCCA

　　16-20 BBDCC

　　21-25 DADBC

　　1. When I arrived at the school I saw a notice pinned to the gate _____ “Sorry to inform you: school open day has been delayed.”

　　A. read

　　B. reads

　　C. to read

　　D. reading

　　2. _____ so serious a disease, he may now not be able to play tennis again.

　　A. Having suffered B. Suffering

　　C. To suffer

　　D. Suffered

　　3. Doing a lot of exercise is certainly good for old people, but it remains _____ whether they can stand it.

　　A. to see

　　B. to be seen

　　C. seeing

　　D. seen

　　4. _____ a big rock on the road, the bus pulled up suddenly.

　　A. The driver seeing B. Having seen

　　C. After seeing D. Seeing

　　5. He said he was regretful _____ the airplane, so he had to stay there for another week.

　　A. missing

　　B. missed

　　C. to miss

　　D. to have missed

　　6. In 1988, Steven Hawking, an English scientist, wrote a book _____ the nature of the universe.

　　A. describe

　　B. described

　　C. describing

　　D. to describe

　　7. Andy never dreams of _____ a day when he will lose his parents forever.

　　A. being

　　B. there will be

　　C. there to be

　　D. there being

　　8. _____ into many languages, A Brief History of Time is well known to us.

　　A. Having been translated

　　B. To be translated

　　C. Having translated

　　D. Being translated

　　9. _____ himself succeed in a short time, he married a rich woman instead of the girl he really loved.

　　A. Make

　　B. To make

　　C. To have made D. Making

　　10. He was well-known for _____ the Olympic gold medal.

　　A. winning

　　B. being won

　　C. being winning D. win

　　11. In a school _____ the students.

　　A. it is important conducting

　　B. it is important to conduct

　　C. there is important conducting

　　D. there is important to conduct

　　12. —Why were you so early for school today?

　　—_____ to the school was very swift this morning because of the good traffic.

　　A. Go

　　B. Going

　　C. I go

　　D. That I go

　　13. Last year, the country’s employment rate came closer than ever _____.

　　A. to reaching the target goal

　　B. to reach the target goal

　　C. reaching the target goal

　　D. and reach the target goal

　　14. —How did you spend your holiday?

　　—I had a very good time _____ some of the problems with my best friends.

　　A. discussing

　　B. to discuss

　　C. of discussing D. on discussing

　　15. Mum is going to the photographer’s _____.

　　A. to take her photograph

　　B. to have her photograph taken

　　C. to have taken her photograph

　　D. that takes her photograph

　　16. In the city, many buildings _____ sound _____very far.

　　A. stop; to travel B. keep; traveling

　　C. prevent; travelingD. cause; to traveling

　　17. It’ll do harm to you to lie on the sofa _____potato chips.

　　A. eat

　　B. and eating

　　C. to eat

　　D. eating

　　18. The daughter said to her parents that she wouldn’t mind _____ at home alone.

　　A. left

　　B. being left

　　C. to be left

　　D. leaving

　　19. _____ that some famous sports stars were coming, the small town got excited.

　　A. Having told

　　B. Telling

　　C. Having been told

　　D. To tell

　　20. —Do you have anything else _____ sir?

　　—Yes. Please help me finish these two files in 2 hours.

　　A. typing

　　B. to be typed

　　C. typed

　　D. to type

　　21. The naughty boy pretended _____ very carefully, though he didn’t even hear anything the teacher was saying.

　　A. listen

　　B. listening

　　C. to be listened

　　D. to be listening

　　22. _____ any English, he didn’t know how to ask the way.

　　A. Knowing not

　　B. Not knowing

　　C. Not to know

　　D. Don’t know

　　23. _____ to the great writer, even for a simple conversation, was a great honour.

　　A. Being introduced B. Having introduced

　　C. Introduced

　　D. After being introduced

　　24. The boy was caught _____ in the washing room by his head teacher.

　　A. smoke

　　B. to smoke

　　C. smoking

　　D. being smoked

　　25. He is always mentioning his _____ my mistakes.

　　A. correct

　　B. to correct

　　C. correcting

　　D. corrected

　　参考答案：1-5 DABAD 6-10 CDABA 11-15 BBAAB16-20 CDBCB 21-25 DBACC