湖南省株洲四中高三英语牛津译林版《V-ing》专项练习

　　[互动探究]

　　同学们，我们知道V-ing形式具有动词和名词的性质。因为它的名词词性，我们在必修一已经学过了它用作宾语的用法，下面我们一起来学习它的另外一个用法——作主语。

　　一、记住V-ing形式作主语的基本表现形式和两个特定句型。

　　1. 基本表现形式

　　即直接置于句首。

　　[自填助记]

　　①

　　is my dream. 上大学是我的梦想。

　　②

　　is very difficult. 照料这些小孩很难。

　　[Key] ① Going to college② Looking after these children

　　[温馨提示] V-ing形式作主语置于句首时，谓语动词用单数。

　　2. 两个特定句型

　　[句型1] It is + 名词(或形容词)+ 动名词

　　在此句型中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的V-ing形式(短语)。用于此句型的都是一些特定的名词或形容词，如no use，no good，(not) worthwhile，a waste of time等。

　　[自填助记]

　　① It is no use

　　, because he is out of the office now. 给他打电话没有用，因为他现在不在办公室。

　　② It’s a waste of time

　　when she’s in this mood. 以她目前的情绪，找她谈是白费时间。

　　[Key] ① calling him ② trying to talk to her

　　[句型2] There is no + 动名词

　　[自填助记]

　　① There is no

　　. 谁都无法形容这景色的美丽。

　　② There is no

　　within five minutes. 不可能在五分钟内打完这封信。

　　[Key] ① describing the beauty of the scene② typing up this letter

　　V-ing形式作主语表示一般的、非一次的、抽象的、泛指的动作；不定式作主语常表示具体的、某一次的、特定的动作。如：

　　① Swimming is good for health.

　　游泳对健康有益。(泛指)

　　② To swim in this lake is very dangerous. 在这个湖里游泳很危险。(特指)

　　[温馨提示]

　　当表语是V-ing形式时，主语也要用V-ing形式；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式。如：

　　Deciding is acting. / To decide is to act. 决定就是行动。

　　[小试身手]

　　1. It is no

　　arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. [2006年全国卷II]

　　A. use

　　B. help

　　C. time

　　D. way

　　2. —What do you think made Mary so upset？

　　—

　　her new bicycle.

　　A. As she lost

　　B. Lost

　　C. Losing

　　D. Because of losing

　　3. Once let the fellow start talking, there was no

　　him.

　　A. to stop

　　B. to be stopped

　　C. stopping

　　D. stop

　　4.

　　the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

　　A. The president will attend

　　B. The president to attend

　　C. The president attended

　　D. The president’s attending

　　[Key] 1. A。 2. C。 3. C。 4. D。

　　一、动词-ing形式作状语时分别可以作原因、时间、条件、让步、结果、方式、伴随等状语。

　　1. 作时间状语时相当于when从句。

　　Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. (When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.) 听到这个消息，他们立即出发到上海去了。

　　【考例】

　　the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (2010上海)

　　A. Approaching

　　B. Approached

　　C. To approach

　　D. To be approached

　　(A)

　　2. 作原因状语相当于as, since, because引导的从句。

　　Being a layman in matters of culture, I would like to study them. (As I am a layman in matters of culture, I would like to study them.) 对于文化问题，我是门外汉，很想研究一下。

　　【考例】

　　to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. (2008 重庆)

　　A. Fail

　　B. Failed

　　C. To fail

　　D. Having failed

　　【简析】“由于没有给他们打通电话，我们便发了一封电子邮件。”前一个动作是后一个动作发生的原因，并且其逻辑主语也是句子的主语，因此使用现在分词的完成式作原因状语。选D。

　　3. 作方式和伴随状语时不能用状语从句替代，但可改写成并列句。

　　He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself. (He walked down the hill and sang softly to himself.) 他从山上走下来，一路哼着小曲儿。

　　Don’t sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table. 别坐在那儿无所事事。来帮我抬桌子。

　　(2006 湖北)

　　【考例】

　　(1) When we visited my old family home, memory came

　　back. (2009 辽宁)

　　A. flooding

　　B. to flood

　　C. flood

　　D. flooded

　　【简析】“在探访我家老宅的时候，记忆像洪水般涌现。”现在分词说明谓语动作发生的方式，作方式状语。故选A。

　　(2) The lady walked around the shops,

　　an eye out for bargains. (2010 江西)

　　A. keep

　　B. kept

　　C. keeping D. to keep

　　【简析】 “那位女士一边逛商场，一边留意着特价商品。”后一个动作伴随着前一个动作而进行，应使用现在分词作伴随状语。故选C。

　　4. 作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的从句。

　　Turning to the right, you will see the post office. (If you turn to the right you will see the post office.) 向右转，你就会看到邮局。

　　5. 作结果状语相当于so that引导的从句。

　　A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board. 一架小型飞机在城市以东五英里的山坡上坠毁，致使机上四人全部丧命。 (2009上海)(说明谓语动词动作发生后产生的结果。)

　　【考例】

　　The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,

　　the students to return to their classrooms. (2010 江苏)

　　A. enabling

　　B. having enabled

　　C. to enable

　　D. to have enabled

　　【简析】“这位退休老人把他的大部分积蓄捐献给了玉树被地震毁坏的学校，让学生们得以重返课堂。”选A表示他捐献后的结果。

　　6. 作让步状语相当于though, even if等引导的从句。

　　Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best. (Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.) 尽管我承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大努力。

　　二、动词-ing形式作状语的时态和语态

　　1. 在逻辑上，当动词-ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时用一般时；在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前发生时用完成时。如：

　　The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students’ safety at school. 这个消息使公众震惊，并引起了人们对学生在校安全的关注。(lead和shock几乎同时发生)

　　(2010 重庆)

　　I got to the office early that day, having caught the 7:30 train from Paddington. 我那天很早就赶到办公室，因为赶上了7:30从帕丁顿来的火车。(catch发生在get to之前) (2008 四川延考区)

　　【考例】

　　Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,

　　supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.

　　(2010 福建)

　　A. sending

　　B. to send

　　C. having sent

　　D. to have sent

　　【答案】A

　　2. 在逻辑上，当句子的主语执行动词-ing形式表示的动作时，动词-ing形式用主动式；当句子的主语承受动词-ing形式表示的动作时，动词-ing形式用被动式。如：

　　The old couple gave most of their savings to their only son, enabling him to live better. 这对老人把他们大多数的积蓄都给了他们唯一的儿子，使他可以生活得更好。(The old couple 执行enable的动作)

　　(2010 江苏)

　　Being watched by lots of her teachers and classmates, she felt nervous, not knowing what to do. 被许多自己的老师和同学观看，她感到紧张，不知道该做什么。(she承受watch表示的动作)

　　【考例】

　　many times, he finally understood it. (2009 四川)

　　A. Told

　　B. Telling

　　C. Having told

　　D. Having been told

　　【答案】D

　　■练一练■

　　1. The neighbor,

　　the badly-injured man, came out of the burning house,

　　for help.

　　A. supporting; calling

　　B. supported by; called

　　C. being supported by; called

　　D. being supporting; called

　　2. The old man died, ____ his family a lot of debts.

　　A. left

　　B. leaving

　　C. left

　　D. to leave

　　3.

　　, Mr Wang couldn’t enter his house.

　　A. Since the key has lost B. The key been lost

　　C. Lost the key

　　D. Having lost the key

　　4. The situation is more

　　than ever. We are

　　about what to do next.

　　A. puzzled; puzzled

　　B. puzzling; puzzling

　　C. puzzling; puzzled

　　D. puzzled; puzzling

　　5.

　　that it was getting late, I turned off the light and went to bed.

　　A. Find

　　B. Finding

　　C. Found

　　D. To find

　　6.

　　the hisses of gas, he rushed in and turned it off.

　　A. Hearing

　　B. Having heard

　　C. When hearing D. When he heard

　　Key: 1-6 ABDCBA