[语法精讲]
英语中的副词在句子中的位置非常灵活,可以放在动词的前后,也可以放在句子的首尾,但原则上,副词应靠近它所修饰的词或句子。本文介绍几种常见的副词在句中的位置,供同学们参考。
一、常用于句首的副词
1. 疑问副词。如where,when,why,how等。如例①。
2. 修饰整个句子的副词。如accordingly,actually,fortunately,certainly等。如例②。
3. 为了强调,有些时间副词也可以置于句 首。如now,soon,finally,usually,sometimes,occasionally,yesterday,tomorrow等。如例③。
① When did the universe come into being? 宇宙是什么时候形成的?
② Fortunately he survived the traffic accident. 他很幸运地在车祸之后还能活着。
③ Occasionally they would go to the park for a walk. 偶尔他们会到公园散步。
二、常用于句中的副词
1. 位于行为动词之前,系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。此类副词多是频度副词(如 always,usually,never,ever,seldom,rarely,frequently,often等)和程度副词(如too,quite,so,little,much,very,almost,nearly等)。如例①和例②。
2. 修饰形容词、介词短语和状语从句时,一般放在这些被修饰成分之前。如例③、例④和例⑤。
3. 方式副词。修饰不及物动词时,方式副词一般要放在动词的后面;修饰带宾语的及物动词时,可以放在动词之前或宾语之后;及物动词的宾语较长时,也可以放在动词和宾语之间。如例⑥。
① I have never seen a girl more beautiful than Mary. 我从未见过比玛丽更漂亮的女孩子。
② Tom will seldom reply “Yes”. 汤姆很少回答“是”。
③ People said that Alice was clever at music and was a very nice girl. 人们说爱丽丝有音乐天赋,是位好姑娘。
④ She came here long before the appointed time. 还不到约定时间她就早早地来这儿了。
⑤ I bought the house simply because it was large. 我买了这套房子,只是因为它面积大。
⑥ The old man walked slowly along the river. 那位老人在河边慢慢地走着。
[温馨提示] 在这种用法中enough除外,通常enough要放在形容词或者副词之后。如:
When they reached the burning building they found that their ladders were not long enough to reach the people who were trapped. 当他们靠近烈火熊熊的大楼时,他们才发现梯子不够长,够不着那些被火围困的人。
三、常用于句末的副词
1. 修饰不及物动词时,一般放在动词之后。如例①。
2. 有时为了增强副词对动作方式的描述,某些常用于句中的方式副词也可以放在句尾。如例②。
3. 只是为了简单的叙述事实,一些时间副词通常也放在句尾。如例③。
① The baby is sleeping soundly. 婴儿睡得很香。
② They accepted our invitation gladly. 他们高兴地接受了我们的邀请。
③ They are going to climb Mount Tai tomorrow. 他们打算明天去爬泰山。
[小试身手]
1. Father
goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there. [2010年湖南卷]
A. hardly
B. seldom
C. sometimes
D. never
2. The island is
attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons. [2010全国卷II]
A. partly
B. merely
C. nearly
D. equally
3. I wasn’t blaming anyone; I
said errors like this could be avoided. [2010年湖北卷]
A. merely
B. mostly
C. rarely
D. nearly
4. Jim went to answer the phone.
, Harry started to prepare lunch. [2010年辽宁卷]
A. However
B. Nevertheless
C. Besides
D. Meanwhile
5. Do you think shopping online will
take the place of shopping in stores? [2010年浙江卷]
A. especially
B. frequently
C. merely
D. finally
[Key] 1. C。2. D。3. A。4. D。5. D。
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