广东省连州市连州中学高三英语《阅读理解推断文章结构》课件

　　要求考生理解文章的基本结构是高考阅读理解题中的一个新考点。文章的基本结构就是指文章的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，或是前因后果，或是平铺直叙，或是前后通过某条主线按逻辑构成一个整体。 文章的结构与作者的写作手法有关，因此有关写作手法的题，我们也归为这一类。 提问方式 1. The passage is developed mainly by________. 2. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 1. 了解文章的主要逻辑结构是解题的前提：①时空顺序。按时间先后叙述某一事物，或说明某一研究成果由过去至现在的发展情况，或按空间顺序说明某一事物。②总分顺序。首段作总的概括，其他段落分别加以说明或具体论述首段的观点。③分总顺序。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。④对比。这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主题。 2. 概括各段内容的主旨，然后分析相互之间的逻辑关系。 (1)

　　The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem(生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原)surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat(栖息地).

　　It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters… (重庆) 70. The passage is developed mainly by __________.

　　A. showing the effect and then explaining the causes

　　B. pointing out similarities and differences

　　C. describing the changes in space order

　　D. giving examples

　　A

　　(2)

　　How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment? In the southwest African country of Namibia, and the Sahara lands of Mali further north, the desert elephant does just that. … Desert elephants can travel over 70 kilometers in search for feeding grounds and waterholes, and have a larger group of families. They drink only every 3-4 days, and can store water in a “bag” at the back of their throat, which is only used when badly needed. Desert elephants are careful feeders-they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches, and thus maintain what little food sources are available. Yong elephants may even eat the dung （粪便）of the female leader of a group when facing food shortage.

　　During drought they are unlikely to give birth to their young but with good rains the birthrate will increase greatly. Desert elephants have sand baths, sometimes adding their own urine (尿液) to make them muddy! (湖北) 67. The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with________. A. stories and explanation

　　B. facts and descriptions C. examples and conclusion

　　D. evidence and argument B (3)

　　Armstrong showed a great talent for music when he was taught to play the cornet (短号) at a boy’s home. In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician. He played in parades, clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River. At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians. Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal. (陕西) 42. This paragraph is developed________. by space

　　B. by examples

　　C. by time

　　D. by comparison C