2017届高考英语一轮复习北师大版课件：第一讲 时态和语态

　　I have to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately.(摘自2010陕西高考) 因为我最近一直咳嗽的厉害所以我必须去看医生。 (2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话 时刚刚结束。 Where have you been？We have been looking for you everywhere. 你刚才去了哪里？我们一直在到处找你。 4．将来进行时 将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性状语有：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow。 Daniel's family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.(摘自2009安徽高考) Daniel一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。 I will be having a meeting from 2：30 to 5：30 tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午2：30到5：30我将正在开会。 1．(2011·湖南高考)— Joan, what ________ in your

　　hand?

　　— Look! It's a birthday gift for my grandma. A．had you held

　　B．are you holding

　　C．do you hold

　　D．will you hold

　　解析：考查时态。根据答语中的Look！可知，“拿”的动作正在进行，故用现在进行时。 句意：“Joan，你手里拿的是什么？”“看看！ 这是给我奶奶的生日礼物。” 答案：B 2．(2011·浙江高考)The manager was worried about the

　　press conference his assistant ________ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly. A．gave

　　B．gives C．was giving

　　D．had given 解析：考查动词的时态。从语意“经理很担心现在助手正在代他参加的资讯发布会……”可知，give的动作和was worried这一动作同时发生，根据语意可知用过去进行时。故选C项。 答案：C 3．(2011·新课标全国卷)When Alice came to, she did not

　　know how long she ________ there. A．had been lying

　　B．has been lying C．was lying

　　D．has lain 解析：考查谓语动词的时态。 句意：当Alice醒来时，她不知道自己在那里躺了多久了。由句意可知，爱丽丝在苏醒之前一直在那里躺着。因此空白处应用过去完成进行时。

　　答案：A 4．(2010·福建高考)—Guess what, we've got our visas

　　for a short­term visit to the UK this summer. —How nice! You ________ a different culture then. A．will be experiencing

　　B．have experienced C．have been experiencing

　　D．will have experienced 解析：考查时态。由then可知，此处表示将来的某个时候在做某事，故用将来进行时，故选A项。 答案：A

　　英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

　　做有关被动语态的题目可以分两步走：第一步确定正确的时态，第二步确定正确的语态。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系：如果是主谓关系则用主动语态，如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。 被动语态的构成(以write为例) 时间 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/are written am/is/are being written has/have been written 过去 was/were written was/were being written had been written 将来 shall/will be written 1．get＋过去分词表被动 They got married last week. 他们上周结婚了。 He fell and got hurt. 他摔倒受伤了。 2．主动形式表被动意义 (1)系动词look, feel, sound, smell, taste, seem,

　　appear, go, prove, turn等＋形容词/名词。 The dish tastes delicious. 这道菜味道可口。 His plan proved (to be) practical. 他的计划被证明符合实际。 (2)表示主语的某种属性的词：read, write, drive, sell,

　　wash, clean, wear, open, shut等，其主语往往是物。 — What about the books? — Books of this kind sell well. ——这些书怎么样？ ——这种书很畅销。 The door won't open. 门打不开。 The pen writes smoothly. 这只钢笔写起来流利。 (3)be worth后常接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 A lot of small towns in the area are definitely worth visiting. 这个地区有许多小城镇绝对值得参观。 (4)need, want, require, deserve等动词后用动名词的主动 形式表示被动意义。 Most house plants require regular watering. 大部分室内植物需要定期浇水。 1．(2011·天津高考)In the last few years thousands of

　　films________ all over the world. A．have produced

　　B．have been produced C．are producing

　　D．are being produced 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据前面的时间状语In the last few years可知应用现在完成时，且films和produce是动宾关系，故应用现在完成时的被动语态，选B项。 答案：B 2．(2011·上海高考)After getting lost in a storm, a

　　member of the navy team ________ four days later. A．rescued

　　B．was rescued C．has rescued

　　D．had been rescued 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：海军小组的一名成员在暴风雨中迷失四天后获救了。member和rescue之间是被动关系，排除A和C两项；rescue并非发生于迷失之前，不是“过去的过去”，排除D项。句子只是在陈述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。 答案：B 3．(2011·北京高考)Experiments of this

　　kind________in both the U．S.and Europe well before the Second World War. A．have conducted

　　B．have been conducted C．had conducted

　　D．had been conducted 解析：考查时态和语态。因为这种实验在二战之前就已经进行了，应用过去完成时，又因为experiments 与 conduct 之间是动宾关系，所以选D项。 答案：D 4．(2011·安徽高考)— What do you think of store

　　shopping in the future?

　　— Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but ________. A．will never replace B．would never replace

　　C．will never be replaced D．would never be replaced

　　解析：考查时态和语态。答话人认为商店购物将与家庭购物并存，但是永远不会被取代。it 与replace之间是被动关系，再结合本句的时态 will exist 可知，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。

　　答案：C * 1．一般现在时 (1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常 用often, usually, every day等时间状语。 Every few years, the coal workers have their lungs X­rayed to ensure their health.(摘自2010上海高考) 每隔几年，煤矿工人们都要对肺部进行X光检查，以确保身体健康。 Planning so far ahead makes no sense — so many things will have changed by next year.(摘自2011新课标全国卷) 这么早做计划没有什么意义——到明年很多事情就会变了。 (2)表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象，无论在什么情况下 都用一般现在时表示。 —What did the teacher say just now? —He stressed that the earth moves around the sun. ——刚才老师说什么？ ——他强调地球围绕太阳转。 (3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在时代替将来时。 My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.

　　我父母答应在我离开去非洲之前来看望我。 (4)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。 如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。 The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday. 飞机每星期三、五2：30起飞。 2．一般过去时 表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示)；用于表示过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。 Excuse me. I didn't realize I was blocking your way.(摘自2010全国卷Ⅱ) 对不起，我原来不知道挡你的路了。 The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.(摘自2010重庆高考) ， 自从这本书在1973年上市以来已被翻译成三十种语言。 —You speak very good French! —Thanks.I studied French in Sichuan University for four years.(摘自2009四川高考) ——你的法语说得真好！ ——谢谢，我在四川大学学过四年的法语。 1．(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)If you don't like the drink you

　　________， just leave it and try a different one. A．ordered B．are ordering C．will order

　　D．had ordered 解析：考查时态。句意：如果你不喜欢你点的饮料就别喝，可以试试别的。根据句意，“点饮料”的动作应发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时。 答案：A 2．(2011·北京高考)—Bob has gone to California. —Oh, can you tell me when he ________？ A．has left

　　B．left C．is leaving

　　D．would leave 解析：考查时态。根据句意可知Bob 已经去了California，因此他离开应是过去的动作，故选B。 答案：B 3．(2011·重庆高考)Look at the pride on Tom's face. He

　　________to have been praised by the manager just now. A．seemed

　　B．seems C．had seemed

　　D．is seeming 解析：考查时态。 句意：看Tom脸上骄傲的神情，他似乎刚才被经理表扬了。根据第一句中的内容可知叙述的是现在的情况，此处seem表示“似乎；看起来”，是系动词，不用于进行时，因此排除D选B项。

　　答案：B 1．现在完成时 这是很重要的一种时态。常用的时间状语有：so far, recently, lately, once/twice/three ...times, before, ever, by now, in the last/past few years, over a long time, up to now, yet, already, just, since等。主要用于以下几种情况： (1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 When you are home，give a call to let me know you have arrived safely.(摘自2010新课标全国卷) 当你到家时，给我打个电话好让我知道你已经安全到达。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

　　They have been good friends since they met at a meeting.

　　自从在一次会议上见面以来，他们就一直是好朋友。

　　Up to now，the program has saved thousands of children

　　who would otherwise have died.(摘自2010山东高考)

　　到现在为止，该项目已救助了上千名孩子，不然他们就

　　会死亡。 (3)下列句型中常用现在完成时。

　　①It is (has been)＋一段时间＋since从句

　　This (That/It) is the first (second ...) time＋that从句

　　This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema

　　together as a family.(摘自2009陕西高考)

　　这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。 ②在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。 —When shall we restart our business? —Not until we have finished our plan.(摘自2010四川高考) ——什么时候我们能重新开始我们的事业？ ——直到我们已完成我们的计划为止。 2．过去完成时 (1)过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。

　　过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，还可能持续下去。常与for, since等构成的时间状语连用。 By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.(摘自2011辽宁高考) 到杰克从英格兰返回家园时，他的儿子已大学毕业。 We first met on a train in 2010. We both felt immediately that we had known each other for years. 2010年在火车上我们初次见面。我们当时就觉得我们已经认识多年了。 (2)有些动词有时用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、 打算或意图。这类动词常见的有：hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose, want, think等。 I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. 我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。 (3)在特殊句式hardly/scarcely ...when ...; no sooner ...than

　　...中，主句常用过去完成时，该句式意为“一……就……；刚……就……”。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。 3．将来完成时 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。 By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students. 到明年的这个时候，你们大家就都成为大学生了。 1．(2011·江苏高考)— Tommy is planning to buy a car. — I know.By next month, he ________enough for a used one. A．saves

　　B．saved C．will save

　　D．will have saved 答案：D 解析：考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语by next month可知，到下个月，他将会积攒足够的钱，因此应用将来完成时。 2．(2011·安徽高考)— I didn't ask for the name list.Why

　　________on my desk?

　　— I put it there just now in case you needed it. A．does it land

　　B．has it landed

　　C．will it land

　　D．had it landed

　　解析：考查时态。问话人质疑的是名单为什么在自己的书桌上，此处强调的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，所以用现在完成时。

　　答案：B 3．(2011·四川高考)— What a mistake! — Yes, I ________his doing it another way, but without success. A．was suggesting

　　B．will suggest C．would suggest

　　D．had suggested 答案：D 解析：考查时态。这去完成时表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。根据句意“——愚蠢的错误！——是的，我已建议他换种方式做，但没成功。”可知，建议这一动作发生在犯错误这个动作之前，故应用过去完成时。 4．(2011·湖南高考)It is the most instructive lecture that

　　I ________ since I came to this school. A．attended

　　B．had attended

　　C．am attending

　　D．have attended

　　解析：考查时态。根据后面的状语从句since I came to this school 可知， 此处应用现在完成时态。 句意：这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。 答案：D 1．现在进行时 表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；go, come等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时。 I‘ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I am doing.(摘自2011辽宁高考) 我一做完手头上的活就去图书馆。 Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much. 青少年们正在损害自己的健康，因为他们玩的电脑游戏太 多了。 You are always studying in the library.Why not have a picnic this afternoon?

　　你总是在图书馆里学习，今天下午为什么不去野餐呢？ My headache is killing me, I thought it was going away, but now it's getting worse and worse. 我的头疼真要命。我原以为头痛会消失，但是现在变得越来越厉害。 2．过去进行时 (1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某动作在某一阶段内 发生或频繁发生。 I was out of town at the time, so I don't know exactly how it was happening.(摘自2009山东高考) 那时我不在镇上，因此我不知道那时候究竟发生了什么事情。 — Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? — No, I was doing my homework all day yesterday.(摘自2010新课标全国卷) ——你读完Jane Eyre这本书了吗？ ——没有，昨天我一整天都在写作业。 (2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行，其中的持续性动作 用过去进行时，短暂性动作用一般过去时。 The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it. 那位记者说，当他看到时，不明飞行物正在自东向西飞行。 3．现在完成进行时 (1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且现 在还在进行。 Tom has been working in the library every night over the last three months.(摘自2011北京高考) 在过去的三个月里，汤姆一直每晚都在图书馆工作。 We have been working on this project for four hours. Let's have a rest.(摘自2010天津高考) 我们工作已持续了四个小时，咱们休息一下吧！ *