2017届高考英语一轮复习课时知能训练：人教版选修八 Unit 3《Inventors and inventions》

　　课时知能训练Ⅰ.完形填空

　　(2017·潮州模拟)There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time.One of them is to walk around it，guide­book in hand.Of course，we may __1__ with our guide­books the history and __2__developments of a town and get to know them.But then，if we __3__ our time and stay in a town for a while，we may get to know it better.When we __4__ it as a whole，we begin to have some __5__，which even the best guide­books do not answer.Why is the town just like this，this shape，this plan，this size? Why do its streets __6__in this particular way，and not in any __7__ way?

　　Here even the best guide­book __8__ us.One can't find in it the information about how a town has developed to the __9__ appearance.It may not describe the original __10__ of a town.However，one may get some ideas of what it __11__look like by walking around the town.One can also imagine how the town was first planned and built.Then one can learn more about in what direction the town __12__ to develop.

　　What is the __13__ of studying towns in this way？For me，it is __14__ that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one's own eyes.A personal visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive than just reading about it in a __15__.

　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了了解一个城镇的不同的方法。作者提出亲自到城镇里转一转要比拿一本旅行指南好。

　　1．A.write　B．tell

　　C．study

　　D．remember

　　【解析】　考查动词辨析。句意：当然，我们可以用旅行指南去研究一个城镇的历史以及它独特的发展状况，然后慢慢了解它。根据第三段第一句中的“...of studying towns...”可知，C项正确。

　　【答案】　C

　　2．A.swift

　　B．similar

　　C．separate

　　D．special

　　【解析】　考查形容词辨析。swift意为“迅速的，快的”；similar意为“相似的”；separate意为“单独的，分开的”；special意为“特殊的”，上文提到研究城镇的历史，应该是了解其独到之处，故D项符合语境。

　　【答案】　D

　　3．A.take

　　B．treasure

　　C．put

　　D．limit

　　【解析】　考查动词辨析。句意：不过，如果我们花时间在城里待一会儿，我们就可以更好地了解它。take意为“花费”，符合文意。

　　【答案】　A

　　4．A.look after

　　B．look at

　　C．look for

　　D．look up

　　【解析】　考查动词短语辨析。look at意为“看到”；look after意为“照顾”；look for意为“寻找”；look up意为“查阅”。句意：当我们把它看做一个总体后，我们就会有一些连最好的旅游指南都解答不了的问题。故B项符合文意。

　　【答案】　B

　　5．A.ideas

　　B．opinions

　　C．feelings D．questions

　　【解析】　考查名词辨析。根据下一句“Why is the town just like this，this shape，this plan，this size？”可知，此处选D项，questions为先行词，且作answer的宾语。

　　【答案】　D

　　6．A.open

　　B．run

　　C．begin

　　D．move

　　【解析】　考查动词辨析。结合上下文内容可知，此处指城镇街道特别的延伸方式，街道延伸用run/extend，故选B项。

　　【答案】　B

　　7．A.one

　　B．more

　　C．other

　　D．such

　　【解析】　考查形容词辨析。other意为“其他的”。句意：为什么街道以这种独特的方式延伸，而不是任何其他方式？故C项符合文意。

　　【答案】　C

　　8．A.fails

　　B．tricks

　　C．helps

　　D．satisfies

　　【解析】　考查动词辨析。句意：甚至最好的旅行指南也会使我们失望。fail sb.意为“使某人失望，有负于某人”，符合文意。而help sb.意为“帮助某人”；trick sb.意为“哄骗某人”；satisfy sb.意为“使某人满意”与语境不符。

　　【答案】　A

　　9．A.old

　　B．normal

　　C．first

　　D．present

　　【解析】　考查形容词辨析。old意为“古老的，旧的”；normal意为“普通的”；first意为“第一的”；present意为“目前的”。这里是指通过guide­book你无法获得关于一个城镇如何发展成了现在的样子的相关信息，故选D项。

　　【答案】　D

　　10．A.capital

　　B．meaning

　　C．design

　　D．change

　　【解析】　考查名词辨析。根据下文“the town was first planned and built”可知，此空应填design，表示不能向我们介绍城镇最初的设计。

　　【答案】　C

　　11．A.used to

　　B．seemed to

　　C．had to D．happened to

　　【解析】　考查短语辨析。used to do意为“过去常常做某事”；seem to意为“似乎”；have to意为“不得不”；happen to意为“碰巧”。此处指在城镇里走一走，可以了解它过去是什么样子的，故A项符合文意。

　　【答案】　A

　　12．A.stops

　　B．appears

　　C．starts

　　D．continues

　　【解析】　考查动词辨析。句意：于是，一个人能够对这个城镇继续往什么方向发展有了更多的了解。了解过去是为了展望未来，故D项正确。

　　【答案】　D

　　13．A.point

　　B．view

　　C．problem

　　D．difficulty

　　【解析】　考查名词辨析。上文讲述了了解城镇的方式，再由下文中的“one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one's own eyes”可知，我们这么做的意义，故选A项，构成what is the point of doing sth.结构，意为“做某事有何意义”。

　　【答案】　A

　　14．A.simply

　　B．nearly

　　C．generally

　　D．hardly

　　【解析】　考查副词辨析。句意：对于我来讲，亲眼看一看城镇仅会让一个人获得更多的快乐。simply意为“仅仅，只不过”，符合文意。

　　【答案】　A

　　15．A.magazine

　　B．guide­book

　　C．newspaper

　　D．fiction

　　【解析】　考查名词辨析。句意：亲自去城里转一转会帮助你更好地了解为什么它如此吸引人，比只读旅行指南要好得多。故B项正确。

　　【答案】　B

　　Ⅱ.语法填空

　　He is the man who for many people has been a role model.Now your biggest hero deserves a special day when you can express your thanks and let him know 1.________ important he is to you.

　　The third Sunday of June—which 2.________(fall) on June 19 this year—is Father's Day.

　　The idea of Father's Day came from

　　3.________American woman called Sonora Smart Dodd in 1909.Dodd wanted a special day 4.________(honor)her father.He raised six children by 5.________after his wife died.Dodd thought there needed to be a day to honor loving dads.

　　The first Father's Day 6.________(celebrate) on June 19,1910.In 1924，US President Calvin Coolidge supported the idea of a 7.________(nation) Father's Day.Finally，in 1966，President Lyndon Johnson declared the third Sunday of June 8.________Father's Day.

　　Here are some ways to show your love and respect：

　　*Send him a greeting card.Fathers prefer cards 9.________ are not too emotional.So choose one that will make him laugh.

　　*If he has a computer，cover his desktop 10.________words like “I love you Dad”．

　　*A small present，such as a framed photo of your family，can make him feel like a king.

　　【答案】　1.how　考连接词的用法。宾语从句的感叹句用how修饰形容词important。

　　2．falls　考动词时态的用法。日历固定的节假日用一般现在时。

　　3．an　考冠词的用法。泛指美国一位妇女，用不定冠词。

　　4．to honor　考非谓语动词的用法。用动词不定式作定语，修饰a special day。

　　5．himself　考代词的用法。表“独自，单独”用by oneself。

　　6．was celebrated　考谓语动词的用法。父亲节是被庆祝的，故用被动语态。

　　7．national　考构词法。国庆节要用形容词形式。

　　8．as　考介词的用法。as在这里表示“作为”。

　　9．that/which　考连接词的用法。引导定语从句，that或which在从句中作主语。

　　10．with　考介词的用法。cover...with...“用……覆盖”。

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2017·广东五校联考)Traffic jam and cities，it seems，go hand in hand.Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic; but，like the weather，no one seems to do anything about it.In particular，traffic engineers，transportation planners，and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam.

　　But is traffic jam a sign of failure? Long queues at restaurants or theater box offices are seen as signs of success.Should transportation systems be viewed any differently? I think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable by­product of successful cities，and

　　view the “traffic problem” in a different light.

　　Cities exist because they promote social interactions and economic transactions.

　　Traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces.Culturally and economically successful cities have the worst traffic problems，while decaying cities don't have much traffic.New York and Los Angeles are America's most crowded cities.But if you want access to major brokerage houses (经纪行)，you will find them easier to reach in crowded New York than in any other large cities.And if your firm needs access to post­production film editors or satellite­guidance engineers，you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere.

　　Despite traffic jam，a larger number and wider variety of social interactions and economic transactions can be made perfect in large，crowded cities than elsewhere.Seen in this light，traffic jam is an unfortunate consequence of prosperity，not a cause of economic decline and urban decay.

　　So while we can consider traffic jam as increasing costs on the areas of big cities，the costs of inaccessibility (交通不便) in uncrowded places are almost certainly greater.

　　There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok，Jakarta，and Lagos.But mobility is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lower here in the US，even in our most crowded cities.That's why，for now，we don't see people and capital streaming out of San Francisco and Chicago，heading for cities like California，and Illinois.

　　【语篇解读】　文章讲述交通堵塞是经济繁荣的大城市常常出现的问题。然而，交通堵塞绝不是经济或者城市衰退的原因。

　　1．We can conclude from the first paragraph that________.

　　A．traffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of the big city

　　B．traffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal with

　　C．if traffic engineers try their best，traffic jam can be solved

　　D．public officials are always criticized for misusing their power

　　【解析】　推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知城市和交通堵塞是相伴而生的。

　　【答案】　B

　　2．According to the passage，what's the author's opinion towards traffic jam?

　　A．In cities，traffic jam is unavoidable.

　　B．Traffic jam is both a sign of failure and a sign of success.

　　C．Traffic jam is the consequence of successful cities.

　　D．For a successful city，traffic jam is not unpreventable.

　　【解析】　作者观点题。从第二段第四个句子可知作者的明确观点。交通堵塞本身就是发达城市发展中不可预测的副产品。

　　【答案】　C

　　3．By saying “decaying” (in Para.4)，the writer probably means ________.

　　A．declining

　　B．developing

　　C．rich and successful

　　D．strong and healthy

　　【解析】　词义猜测题。由上文对比可知，成功的城市存在最糟糕的交通问题，相反的情况是衰退的城市没有太多交通堵塞。

　　【答案】　A

　　4．According to this article，which statement about “New York” and “Los Angeles” is true?

　　A．The traffic jam in the two cities has been worsened.

　　B．New York and Los Angeles are the most successful cities in the USA.

　　C．It is easier to reach major brokerage houses in the two cities than in other cities.

　　D．Despite the traffic jam in LA，you'll find a satellite­guidance engineer more quickly there.

　　【解析】　推理判断题。由第四段可知。

　　【答案】　D

　　5．What can we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A．California is as crowded and successful as San Francisco.

　　B．The traffic jam in San Francisco has resulted in the capital becoming empty.

　　C．The traffic jam level in Jakarta is lower than that in the US.

　　D．Traffic jam has caused terrible bad effects in cities such as Bangkok and Lagos.

　　【解析】　段落大意题。由最后一段第一个主题句可知。

　　【答案】　D

　　B

　　Bad moods can actually be good for you，with an Australian study finding that being sad makes people less gullible (轻信)，improves their ability to judge others and also boosts memory.

　　The study，authored by psychology professor Joseph Forgas at the University of New South Wales，showed that people in a negative mood were more critical of，and paid more attention to，their surroundings than happier people，who were more likely to believe anything they were told.

　　“Although positive mood seems to promote creativity，flexibility，cooperation，and reliance on mental shortcuts，negative moods trigger (引发) more attentive，careful thinking，paying greater attention to the external world，” Forgas wrote.

　　“Our research suggests that sadness...promotes information processing strategies best suited to dealing with more demanding situations.”

　　For the study，Forgas and his team conducted several experiments that started with inducing happy or sad moods in their subjects through watching films and recalling positive or negative events.

　　In one of the experiments，happy and sad participants were asked to judge the truth of urban myths and rumors and found that people in a negative mood were less likely to believe these statements.

　　People in a bad mood were also less likely to make snap decisions based on racial or religious prejudices，and they were less likely to make mistakes when asked to recall an event that they witnessed.

　　The study also found that sad people were better at stating their case through written arguments，which Forgas said showed that a “mildly negative mood may actually promote a more concrete，accommodative and ultimately more successful communication style.”

　　“Positive mood is not universally desirable: people in negative mood are less prone to judgmental errors，are more resistant to eyewitness distortions (扭曲) and are better at producing high­quality，effective persuasive messages，” Forgas wrote.

　　The study was published in the November/December edition of the Australian Science journal.

　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍新的研究发现，情绪不好事实上对人有好处，使人不会轻易相信别人，且有助于提高判断能力和增强记忆。

　　6．The study suggests that when someone is in a bad mood，he ________.

　　A．is particular about everything

　　B．shows less concern about others

　　C．is willing to believe what he hears

　　D．cares more about his surroundings

　　【解析】　细节理解题。难度中等。根据第二段中的“people in a negative mood were more critical of，and paid more attention to，their surroundings than happier people，who were more likely to believe anything”可知，D项正确。

　　【答案】　D

　　7．Which of the following is connected with positive mood?

　　A．New ideas.

　　B．Being stubborn.

　　C．Being careful.

　　D．Concentration.

　　【解析】　细节判断题。难度中等。根据第二段中的“happier people，who were more likely to believe anything they were told”可知，情绪好的人更容易相信别人的话，因此可知，应选A项。

　　【答案】　A

　　8．How did researcher put the subjects in good or bad moods?

　　A．By watching sports programs.

　　B．By listening to happy or sad stories.

　　C．By dealing with demanding situations.

　　D．By thinking back on their past experience

　　【解析】　细节理解题。难度中等。根据第五段中的“through watching films and recalling positive or negative events.”可知，D项正确。

　　【答案】　D

　　9．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

　　A．Positive mood contributes to better judgement.

　　B．Sad people remembered what they saw precisely.

　　C．Cheerful people were less likely to believe rumors.

　　D．People in bad mood tend to make quick decisions.

　　【解析】　细节判断题。难度中等。根据第一段中的“being sad makes people less gullible，improves their ability to judge others...”可知，A项错误；根据倒数第四段中的“and they were less likely to make mistakes when asked to recall an event that they witnessed”可知B项正确；根据第六段中的“people in a negative mood were less likely to believe these statements”可知，C项错误；根据第七段可知，D项错误。故选B。

　　【答案】　B

　　10．The author intends to convice us that

　　________.

　　A．Joseph Forgas made a great discovery

　　B．bad moods can actually be good for us

　　C．we should think positively and negatively

　　D．the Australian study is of practical value

　　【解析】　目的意图题。难度中等。本文第一段为中心段，文章其余部分通过对情绪好的人和情绪不好的人做不同的实验，目的就是证明第一段第一句话“Bad moods can actually be good for you”，故作者的写作意图就是使读者相信“情绪不好事实上对你有好处”，故选B项。

　　【答案】　B

　　11．用30词左右概括文章大意

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　_______________________________________________________

　　【答案】　A study finds that bad moods can actually be good for you and being sad makes you less gullible，improves your ability to judge others and also boosts memory.