2017届高考英语一轮总复习语法专题复习课件：14. 状语从句

　　从句担任状语，在句子中修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它常用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。

　　复习状语从句要掌握如下几点：

　　1．全面掌握状语从句的九大类别，熟悉引导它们的不同连接词的意义和用法。

　　2．准确判断主从句的逻辑关系，同时还要注意区分词义相近的易混词的辨析，如：as, when, while, since, because, for等。

　　3．应用状语从句的过程中要注意主从句时态、语气的统一，掌握状语从句的省略形式。

　　4．与其他从句、句型结合起来分析、辨析。

　　一、时间状语从句

　　常见的从属连词有：(注意其汉语意义) when, while, as, before, after, since, until (till), once, as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, each/every time, the first time, the last time, next time, by the time等。

　　While we were chatting, she was looking at the time table on the wall.

　　Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfast.

　　Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to my help.

　　No sooner had I gone to bed than I fell alseep.

　　二、原因状语从句

　　常见的从属连词有：as(由于)，because(因为)，since(既然)，now (that)(既然)，considering that(顾及到)，seeing that(由于)等。

　　As you didn't turn up at yesterday's get­together, we missed you very much.

　　Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.

　　Now that you mention it, I do remember.

　　三、地点状语从句

　　常见的从属连词有：where(在……的地方)，wherever(无论哪里)。

　　Put the book where it is.

　　四、目的状语从句

　　常见的从属连词有：so that(以便)，in order that(为了)，for fear that(以免)，in case(万一)等。谓语一般与can, could, may, might, will, would, should 等连用。

　　Most students go to college (so) that they can be engineers, teachers or chemists.

　　He left early in case he should miss the train.

　　五、结果状语从句

　　常见的从属连词有：so that(结果)(从句中不带情态动词)，so…that(如此……以致……)，such…that(如此……以致……)等。

　　He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.

　　It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.

　　Tom studied very hard so that he passed the exam.

　　六、条件状语从句

　　常见的从属连词有：if(如果)，unless(除非)，so/as long as(只要)，as/so far as(就……而言)，on condition that(条件是……)，suppose(假设)，supposing(假设)(仅用在问句中), the more…， the more…等。

　　You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.

　　You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far away from the river bank.

　　Suppose/Supposing we can't get enough food, what shall we do?

　　The more books you read, the happier you will feel.

　　七、让步状语从句

　　常见的从属连词有：as (虽然)，although(尽管)，though(尽管)，however(无论怎样)，whatever(无论什么)，whoever(无论谁)，whomever(无论谁)，whichever(无论哪个)，whenever(无论何时)，wherever(无论哪里)，whether(是否)，no matter (who, what, where, when) (无论……)，even if(即使)，even though(即使)等。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。

　　However late/No matter how late he is, his family will wait for him to have dinner together.

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.

　　Whether it is fine or not, I will go boating.

　　八、方式状语从句

　　常见的从属连词有：as(与……一样)，as if(仿佛)，as though(仿佛) 等。注意：as if/though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，表示非真实情况。

　　You must do the exercise as I show you.

　　He talks about the moon as if he had been there.

　　九、比较状语从句

　　常见的从属连词有：as…as, not so (as)…as, than等。

　　I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.

　　Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.

　　十、使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题

　　1．在时间和条件状语从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来。

　　We'll go outing if it doesn't rain tomorrow.

　　Don't get off until the bus has stopped.

　　2．有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致(或虽不一致，是it)，从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语＋be”部分。

　　1)连接词＋过去分词

　　Don't speak until spoken to.

　　Pressure can be increased when needed.

　　Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.

　　2)连词＋现在分词

　　Look out while crossing the street.

　　3) 连词＋不定式

　　The wounded person opened his mouth as if to say something.

　　4)连词＋形容词/其他

　　常见的有if necessary，if possible，when necessary，if any/so, though suspicious等。

　　Though cold, he still wore a shirt.

　　I have no money.If any, I will lend you some.

　　3．状语从句与非谓语动词的转换。

　　After they finished the lecture, they left the school.

　　→Having finished the lecture, they left the school.

　　When it is seen from the hill, the park is very beautiful.

　　→Seen from the hill, the park is very beautiful.

　　He got up very early in order that he could catch the first train.

　　→ He got up very early (in order) to catch the first train.

　　4．注意区分同一词引导的不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。

　　You are to find it where you left it.(where引导地点状语从句)

　　Tell me the address where he lives.(where引导定语从句)

　　I don't know where he is from.(where引导宾语从句)

　　Where he has gone is not known yet.(where引导主语从句)

　　This place is where they once hid.(where引导表语从句)

　　5．状语从句与定语从句的转换。

　　1) Make marks where you have questions.(where引导地点状语从句)

　　→Make marks at the places where you have questions.(where引导定语从句)

　　2) It is such an advanced theory that few people understand it.(that引导结果状语从句)

　　→It is such an advanced theory as few people understand.(as引导定语从句)

　　十一、状语从句考点评析

　　在近四年的广东高考英语试卷语法填空题中，2007年的31题考查了状语从句：The sun was setting when my car______(break) down near a remote and poor village.

　　(2010年广东高考)

　　We understand this lesson best______we receive gifts of love from children.

　　【答案】broke　这是一个由when引导的时间状语从句，考查谓语动词的正确形式。

　　【答案】when　考查时间状语的引导词。“当我们收到孩子送的爱的礼物的时候，才能够理解爱”。

　　虽然如此，在平时的测练及模拟试题中较常出现考查状语从句的连词(引导词)填空，在写作中也常常需要使用状语从句。所以，同学们要学会灵活运用状语从句。

　　一、用适当的连词填空。

　　1．Tim is in good shape physically ________________ he doesn't get much exercise.

　　2．The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ________ accompanied by an adult.

　　3．________ a serious problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.

　　4．He was looking for the dictionary ________ he thought he might have put it.

　　5．John thinks it won't be long ________ he is ready for his new job.

　　even though

　　unless　

　　What

　　wherever

　　before

　　6．Today, we will begin ________ we stopped yesterday ________ no point will be left out.

　　7．He realized that his house must have been broken into ________________ he got home and saw that everything was in a mess.

　　8．My parents don't mind what job I do ________________ I am happy.

　　9．You can't borrow books from the school library ________ you get your student card.

　　10．All the dishes in this menu, ________ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.

　　where

　　so that

　　the moment　

　　as long as

　　before　

　　if

　　11．Generally speaking, ________ taken according to directions, the drug has no side­effect.

　　12．—Dad, I've finished my assignment.

　　—Good, and ________ you play or watch TV, you mustn't disturb me.

　　13．I have not missed a play or a concert ________ I was seventeen years old.

　　14．Much ________ I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.

　　15．In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered ________ they are to survive.

　　when　

　　whether　

　　since

　　as

　　if

　　16．It won't matter ________________ he refuses.

　　17．They wrote to the boss ________________ they could improve their working conditions.

　　18．Jim imagined that the whole world knew of his achievements, ________ in fact only a few people had heard of it.

　　19．I'm not going to talk on the point any further, ________ it is neither important nor very interesting.

　　20．We'll have to finish the job, ________ long it takes.

　　even if

　　in order that　

　　while

　　because

　　however

　　二、用状语从句完成下面句子。

　　1．无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。

　　______________________________， he always thinks I'm wrong.

　　2．她急匆匆地走出屋去，好像很生气的样子。

　　She hurriedly left the room ________________________.

　　3．可能的话，我想要两本。

　　______________， I'd like to have two copies of it.

　　4．结果不如我预料的那么好。

　　The result was not as/so good ________________.

　　5．你最好在有问题的地方做记号。

　　You'd better make a mark ____________________________.

　　No matter what I say or how I say it　

　　as though (she were) angry　

　　If possible

　　as I had expected

　　where you have any questions　

　　6．只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。

　　________________________________________， we'll find a way to overcome the difficulty.

　　7．他没把时间计划好，结果没按时完成这项工作。

　　He didn't plan his time well, ____________________________________________.

　　8．最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。

　　Better take more clothes ___________________________.

　　9．既然大家都来了咱们就设法作一个决定吧。

　　______________________， let's try and reach a decision.

　　10．他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。

　　___________________________ he would visit our school.

　　As/So long as we don't lose heart

　　so that he didn't finish the work in time

　　in case the weather is cold

　　Now that/Since you are all here　

　　Each time he came to town

　　三、基础写作。

　　根据以下信息，用5个英语句子表达全部内容，并组成连贯的文章，尽可能运用状语从句。

　　1．自信通常是一个人未来成功的标志。

　　2．一般来说，一个人越自信，就越有可能成功。

　　3．无论做什么，都要有信心做好它。

　　4．只要对自己的能力有信心，就不会轻易放弃。

　　5．特别是在面对困难的时候，如果没有自信，要实现自己追求的目标就几乎没有可能。

　　【答案】

　　Confidence is often a symbol of a person's future success.Generally speaking, the more confident you are, the more successful you tend to be.Whatever you do, you should do it with confidence.When you are confident of your ability, you will not give up easily.On the contrary, if you have no confidence, there is little possibility of achieving the goal in anything you pursue, especially when faced with difficulties.