2017届高考英语一轮总复习语法专题复习课件：12.名词性从句

　　一、名词性从句的定义、种类及引导词

　　在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的引导词有：

　　连接词(5个)：that，if/whether(是否)，as though和 as if

　　连接代词(9个)：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever

　　连接副词(7个)：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however

　　1．主语从句：作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

　　That she will do well in her exam is certain.

　　她将考得好是肯定的。

　　Who will win the match is still unknown.

　　谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

　　2．宾语从句：作句子宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

　　He told us that he felt better.

　　Tom wanted to know where the meeting would be held.

　　3．表语从句：作句子表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于系动词后。其基本结构为：

　　主语＋系动词(be/seem/remain/look/appear, etc.)＋表语从句。

　　The fact is that we have lost the game.

　　事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

　　This is where our problem lies.

　　这就是我们的问题所在。

　　常用的还有The reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。

　　The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

　　4．同位语从句

　　作名词同位语的从句叫同位语从句，同位语从句说明其前面的名词(如advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等)的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，不能省略。同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。

　　The news that we won the game is exciting.

　　我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

　　I have no idea when he will come back home.

　　我不知道他什么时候回家。

　　He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

　　他从玛莉那里得知运动会推迟了。

　　二、考点荟萃

　　1．考点1　形式主语it 在含有主语从句的句子中的运用

　　用it 作形式主语的结构有：1)It is ＋名词＋从句

　　It is a fact that… 事实是……

　　It is an honor that… 非常荣幸……

　　It is common knowledge that … ……是常识

　　It is common sense that… ……是常识

　　It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……

　　It is a pity that… 遗憾的是……

　　2)It is ＋形容词＋从句

　　It is natural that… 很自然……

　　It is strange that… 奇怪的是……

　　It is necessary that… 有必要……

　　It is important that… 重要的是……

　　It is obvious that… 很明显……

　　3)It＋不及物动词＋从句

　　It seems that… 似乎……

　　It occurred to me that…我突然想起……

　　It happened that… 碰巧……

　　4)It ＋过去分词＋从句

　　It is reported that…据报道……

　　It is believed that…人们相信……

　　It is known to all that…众所周知……

　　It has been decided that…已决定……

　　It has been proved that…已证实……

　　2．考点2　形式宾语it 在含有宾语从句的句子中的运用

　　it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。用it 作形式宾语的结构有：

　　1)动词＋it＋宾补(形容词、过去分词或名词)＋that从句

　　I think it important that we should keep calm.

　　He's made it clear that he won't agree to the plan.

　　We find it necessary that we practise English daily.

　　I heard it said that she had gone abroad.

　　She made it a duty that she takes care of her sick mother.

　　2)介词/动词＋it＋that从句的特殊结构(it 作引导词)

　　You may depend on it that they'll support you.

　　I take it that you don't agree with me.

　　You can count on it that he is very smart.

　　I shall see to it that he is taken good care of.

　　3．考点3　名词性从句中what与 that的区别

　　that引导的名词性从句表事实，that在从句中不充当句子成分；what引导的名词性从句表疑问或肯定，what在句中充当主语、宾语或表语。

　　I want to know what you are going to do tomorrow.

　　What we need is more time.

　　I know that you're better now.

　　4．考点4　名词性从句的语序应用陈述语序：主语＋谓语

　　He asked how much I paid for a violin.

　　5．考点5　宾语从句的时态呼应

　　当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时(could/would除外)，从句则要用相应的过去时态；当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象时，则从句仍用一般现在时态。

　　I know (that) he will study English next year.(从句用一般将来时)

　　I know he has studied English since 1998.(从句用现在完成时)

　　The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.(从句用过去完成时)

　　The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.(从句用一般现在时)

　　6．考点6　that 不可省略的情况

　　1) 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that常被省去，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个或以后几个分句前的that不能省略。

　　2) 从句作介词but，except，in等的宾语时that不可省。

　　3) 在主＋谓＋it (形式宾语)＋宾补＋that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不能省略。

　　4) that引导的同位语从句、表语从句和主语从句。

　　We must make it clear that we mean what we say.

　　We must never think we are good in everything and that others are good in nothing.

　　I know nothing about him except that he is from the north.

　　7．考点7　同位语从句和定语从句的区别

　　同位语从句对先行词起解释说明的作用，而定语从句对先行词起修饰限制的作用。当用that引导定语从句，that在从句中作宾语时可以省略； 当that引导同位语从句时，that一般不能省略。

　　I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句，不能省略)

　　Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引导定语从句，作give的直接宾语，可以省略)

　　8．考点8　只用whether的情况，不用if 的情况

　　1)在动词不定式之前。

　　I can't decide whether to stay here.

　　2)在whether…or not 的固定搭配中。

　　I want to know whether it's good news or not.

　　3)在介词后，只能用whether。

　　His father is worried about whether he lost his work.

　　4)同位语从句、表语从句，主语从句位于句首及宾语从句放在句首表示强调时。

　　They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.(同位语从句)

　　Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.(主语从句位于句首)

　　The point is whether we should lend him the money.(表语从句)

　　Whether this is true or not, I really don't know.(宾语从句放在句首表示强调)

　　9．考点9　疑问词＋ever和no matter＋疑问词的区别

　　1)疑问词＋ever(无论……)可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。

　　Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.(名词性从句，作主语)

　　Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.(让步状语从句，作状语)

　　＝No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.

　　2)no matter＋疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句

　　No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.

　　10．考点10　宾语从句中的虚拟语气、否定前移

　　1)在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)＋动词原形”。

　　I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

　　我坚持要她自己工作。

　　2)宾语从句的否定前移。think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式，即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。

　　I don't think this dress fits you well.

　　我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

　　I don't believe he will do so, will he?

　　我相信他不会这样做，是吗？

　　11．考点11　名词性从句中的插入成分

　　1)用于陈述句的插入语结构。

　　含think, suppose, guess, say, imagine, expect, believe等动词的插入语，直接将疑问词放在句子中间，不用逗号隔开。

　　2)用于疑问句的插入语结构。

　　含think, suppose, guess, say, imagine, expect, believe等动词的疑问句，后接含疑问词的宾语从句时，要将疑问词放在句首。

　　三、名词性从句考点评析

　　在2007－2009三年的广东高考英语试卷语法填空题中，分别考查了一个名词性从句：

　　2007：When I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to_______should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.

　　【答案】who　由who 引导的名词性从句，who 在句中作主语，引导as to 的宾语从句。

　　2008：One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.

　　2009：She remembered how difficult______was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.

　　【答案】that　由that引导的同位语从句，解释说明an idea 的具体内容。

　　【答案】it　考查的是remembered的宾语从句，it 在句中作形式主语。

　　2008：One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.

　　2009：She remembered how difficult______was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.

　　【答案】that　由that引导的同位语从句，解释说明an idea 的具体内容。

　　【答案】it　考查的是remembered的宾语从句，it 在句中作形式主语。

　　名词性从句历年来都是高考必考的语法项目之一，同学们要学会熟练运用定语从句。

　　一、用适当的词填空。

　　1．The companies are working together to create________they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

　　2. She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do ________ it takes to save her life.

　　3．The fact has worried many scientists ________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

　　4．Could I speak to__________is in charge of International Sales please?

　　5．Tomorrow is Tom's birthday.Have you got any idea ________the party is to be held?

　　what

　　whatever

　　that

　　whoever

　　where

　　6．Having checked the doors were closed，and________all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom.

　　7．Lei Feng was always thinking of________ he could help others.

　　8．________ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

　　9．It is obvious to the students ________ they should get well prepared for their future.

　　10．Is there any possibility ________ you could pick me up at the airport?

　　that

　　how

　　What　

　　that　

　　that

　　11．________ he passed the examination or not was not our concern.

　　12．Since you have seen both boxers, ________ do you think will win?

　　13．The little girl who got lost decided to remain ________she was and wait for her mother.

　　14．The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.

　　15．________team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.

　　Whether　

　　who　

　　where

　　when

　　Whichever

　　16．That is just ________ they are mistaken.

　　17．—What did your parents think about your decision?

　　—They always let me do__________I think I should.

　　18．________makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.

　　19．Mary wrote an article on________the team had failed to win the game.

　　20．There are so many kinds of dictionaries in the shop.I can't decide ________ dictionary I should buy.

　　where

　　what　

　　What　

　　why

　　which

　　二、用名词性从句完成下面句子。

　　1．The news_______________________________(那栋房子被烧毁) last night surprised everyone.

　　2．____________________________(他是否出过国)doesn't make much difference.

　　3．____________________(无论谁来这儿) will be welcome.

　　4．No one can be sure________________________________ (人类看上去将会是什么样) in million years.

　　5．It is obvious to the students_____________________________________ (他们应该为将来作好充分的准备)their future.

　　that the house was burnt down　

　　Whether he has been abroad or not　

　　Whoever comes here

　　what man will look like

　　that they should get well prepared for

　　6．_____________________________________ (我们去哪里过周末) has not been decided yet.

　　7．That is ______________ (我昨天没来的原因) yesterday.

　　8．His suggestion is_________________________________ (我们要保护当地的环境) while developing economy is highly thought of by government.

　　9．_____________________ (让我最吃惊的) was that he wrote some of his best pieces after he became deaf.

　　10．You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is__________________ (我不同意之处)．

　　Where we are going to spend the weekend　

　　why I didn't come

　　that we (should) protect local environment

　　What surprised me most

　　where I disagree

　　三、根据短文意思，在横线上填上适当的词。

　　I am going to tell you 1.________ happened in my restaurant today.

　　This afternoon a poorly­dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 2.________ he was.We were surprised that he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We wondered 3.________ he was so hungry.We also doubted 4.________ the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 5.________ we should mind waiting for just a few minutes.After some time, we were shocked to see 6.________ he took out of a letter and a million pound bank­note.

　　what

　　who　

　　why　

　　whether/if

　　whether/if

　　that

　　I asked Mr.Clements, the owner of the restaurant，7.________ it was genuine.Mr.Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought 8.________ the gentleman showed them couldn't be a fake.

　　9．________ a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldn't describe 10.________ excited I was to meet such a millionaire.

　　whether/if　

　　what　

　　Why

　　how

　　四、基础写作。

　　根据以下信息，用5句话写一篇连贯的短文，尽可能运用名词性从句。

　　假设你是一位心理辅导老师，你的一位学生因为考试成绩不好而向你求助。针对他的情况，请你以Marks Do Not Mean Everything 为题，写一篇短文开导他。

　　要点：

　　1．很多家长和老师把分数视为一切，这种情况很常见。

　　2．分数只是衡量学生某一段时期的学习成果。

　　3．成绩好坏并不意味着一个学生的优劣。

　　4．成绩可以通过自身的努力提高。

　　5．目前你会感觉辛苦，但将来你会感到快乐。

　　6．要学会调整心态，争取进步。

　　7．只要自己付出，就没有什么可后悔的。

　　【答案】

　　Marks Do Not Mean Everything

　　It is usual that many students' parents and teachers consider marks as everything, but in fact, marks only show whether one gains more or less achievement in a certain period.It does not mean students who get high marks are top or excellent ones.What's more, marks can be truly improved if you work hard at your lessons.However hard you feel at present, you will be happy in the future, and that is why you should adjust your mind to reality and make up your mind to make progress.As a matter of fact, if you put your heart into your study, whatever the result is, there is nothing left for you to regret.