第五章 识别相似表达△点拨△
英语中有些句式结构形相似而实不相同,命题者经常利用这一点来设计“陷阱”。此类题粗看起来非常类似某个熟悉的句式,极易造成学生思维错觉。做此类题不能粗心大意,要注重语境,理解句意,强化对易混句的辨析,有意识地改变思维定势。
△训练△
[每小题2分;满分100分] 得分:________1.①My father asked me ________ I was getting on well with my classmates.
A.that
B.if
C.how
D.what
②My father asked me ________ I was getting on with my classmates.
A.that
B.if
C.how
D.what
答案 ①B ②C [①:我爸问我“是否”与同学相处得好。故选B。②:我爸问我与同学相处得“怎样”。故选C。]
2.①I have been informed of when we ________ for London next year.
A.will leave
B.leave
C.left
D.have left
②Let me know the news when you ________ in London next week.
A.will arrive
B.arrive
C.arrived
D.have arrived
答案 ①A ②B [①中的when引导的是宾语从句,由next year可知选A。②中的when引导的是时间状语从句,需用一般现在时表将来。故选B。]
3.①She is such a good teacher ________ all of us love and respect.
A.that
B.since
C.as
D.who
②She is such a good teacher ________ all of us love and respect her.
A.that
B.since
C.as
D.who
答案 ①C ②A [such...as和such...that的区别是:前者的as引导的是定语从句,as在从句中须作主语、宾语、表语等;后者that引导的是结果状语从句,that不作成分。①中的love and respect后缺宾语,所以选C,②中不缺成分,所以选A。]
4.①I'll go to Beijing on business tomorrow.Do you have anything ________ to your son studying in Beijing University?
A.to be taken
B.to take
C.taken
D.being taken
②You'll go to Beijing on business tomorrow.Do you have anything ________ to your son studying in Beijing University?
A.to be taken
B.to take
C.taken
D.being taken
答案 ①A ②B [主语+have sth.to be done表示该不定式的动作不是主语完成的,①属于这种情况;主语+have sth.to do表示“主语+do sth.”,②属于这种情况。]
5.①He is working in a factory.It ________ a half year since he ________ a college student.
A.is;was
B.has been;become
C.is;became
D.has been;became
②He is studying in college.It ________ a half year since he ________ a college student.
A.is;was
B.has been;become
C.is;became
D.has been;became
答案 ①A ②C [在It is+段时间+since...句型中,since从句的谓语动词是延续性的,表示动作的终止;若since从句的谓语动词是短暂性的,则表示动作的开始。①:选A,译为:他大学毕业半年了。②:选C,译为:他读大学半年了。]
6.①I can still remember the very reading room ________ we used to read in our younger days.
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.where
②This is the very room ________ I slept in that evening.
A.where
B.which
C.that
D.who
答案 ①D ②C [①:定语从句缺地点状语,故选D。②:定语从句中的介词in后缺宾语,由于先行词前有the very修饰,所以只用“that”。]
7.①He got up early, ________ to catch the train.
A.to hope
B.hoping
C.hope
D.hoped
②He got up early ________ the first train.
A.to catch
B.catching
C.catch
D.caught
答案 ①B ②A [①:此处用现在分词表伴随状语,不选A的原因是,hope这个词本身就有“目的”的意味,一般不用to hope表示目的,再者,前面有逗号一般也不用表示目的不定式。②:不定式表示目的。]
8.①________ nice, the food was sold out soon.
A.Tasted
B.Tasting
C.To taste
D.Being tasted
②________ carefully, the mixture was bitter.
A.Tasted
B.Tasting
C.Taste
D.To taste
答案 ①B ②A [①:由于nice是形容词,可以确定taste是系动词,系动词一般不用被动,可以排除A、D。如果选C,则表示目的,显然不对。故选B,现在分词作原因状语。②:由于受副词carefully修饰,此处的taste是行为动词,与主语mixture是动宾关系,故选A。]
9.①All the students ________, the report began.
A.were seated
B.seated
C.were sitting
D.sat down
②All the students ________, and the report began.
A.had seated
B.seated
C.were seating
D.sat down
答案 ①B ②D [①:逗号后没连词,说明这是独立主格结构,此空不可填谓语动词。②:and连接两个并列句,seat是及物动词,即可排除A、C。]
10.①Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.
A.to invent
B.to have invented
C.inventing
D.having invented
②Charles Babbage always considered ________ the first computer.
A.to invent
B.to have invented
C.inventing
D.had invented
答案 ①B ②C [①中的consider“认为”,此空需填不定式作主补,可排除C、D,由于“发明”的动作先于“认为”,故用不定式的完成式。②中的consider“考虑”,其后一般可跟动名词而不跟不定式作宾语,所以选C。]
11.①Strange enough, she found her wallet ________ she lost it.
A.where
B.when
C.in which
D.that
②Strange enough, she found her wallet in ________ was once ao old temple.
A.where
B.when
C.what
D.that
答案 ①A ②C [①:where引导地点状语从句。②:what引导宾语从句,what在宾语从句中又作主语。]
12.①It was July 1, 1997 ________ saw the return of Hong Kong to the motherland.
A.that
B.when
C.which
D.in which
②It was on July 1, 1997 ________ I saw the return of Hong Kong to the motherland.
A.that
B.when
C.which
D.in which
答案 ①A ②A [①:是定语从句,July 1, 1997是先行词。②:是一个强调句,强调on July 1, 1997。]
13.①The doctor, ________ help the engineer managed to invent a new instrument, was praised.
A.that
B.with whose
C.who
D.whom
②The doctor, ________ helped the engineer invent a new instrument, was praised.
A.that
B.with whose
C.who
D.whom
答案 ①B ②C [①:with whose help表示“在医生的帮助下”,whose作定语修饰help。②:句中是非限制性定语从句,即可排除A,此空缺主语,故选C。]
14.①This book is very interesting.Where did you buy it? I will buy the same book ________ you have bought.
A.which
B.as
C.that
D.what
②To my surprise, I did find the same wallet ________ I had lost the day before.
A.which
B.as
C.that
D.what
答案 ①B ②C [the same...as表示“同类”;the same...that表示“同一”。]
15.①The house needn't ________.
A.to clean
B.cleaning
C.be cleaned
D.to be cleaned
②The house doesn't need ________.
A.clean
B.cleaning
C.be cleaned
D.cleaned
答案 ①C ②B [①中的need 是情态动词,后跟动词原形,可排除A、B、D。②中的need是行为动词,所要填的动词与主语存在动宾关系,可用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式,所以选B。注:C项前加to也正确。]
16.①It was a pity that the great scientist died ________ his works unfinished.
A.for
B.with
C.because
D.of
②It was a pity that the great scientist died ________ cancer.
A.at
B.with
C.because
D.of
答案 ①B ②D [①:唯with可跟复合宾语。②:die of是“因……而死”。as和because都是连词,故不可选。]
17.①He was so angry ________ me that he left without saying a word.
A.about
B.with
C.to
D.at
②He was so angry ________ what I had done that he left without saying a word.
A.on
B.with
C.to
D.at
答案 ①B ②D [be angry with一般跟sb.;be angry at一般跟sth.。]
18.①If you like art and enjoy looking at the pictures, ________ is an interest.
A.which
B.that
C.as
D.what
②You like art and enjoy looking at the pictures, ________ is an interest.
A.which
B.that
C.as
D.what
答案 ①B ②A [①:that is an interest是主句部分,that是指示代词“那”的意思。②:句中是非限制性定语从句,可排除B,此处没有“正如”的含义,所以不选C。]
19.①—Is this the first time that you ________ here in Beijing?
—Yes.I think it's time that I ________ to the Great Wall.
A.have been;am going
B.have been;went
C.are;go
D.are;will go
②He was giving a lecture the first time I ________ him.
A.meet
B.met
C.have met
D.had met
答案 ①B ②B [①:This/It is the frist time that...结构中,that从句习惯上用现在完成时;It's time that...句型中,that从句用一般过去时或should+动词原形。所以选B。②:the first time引导时间状语从句,由于从句和主句的动作同时发生,所以选B。]
20.①He was praised ________ what he had done for the old man.
A.that
B.since
C.because
D.because of
②He was praised ________ what he had done greatly benefited the people.
A.that
B.since
C.because
D.because of
答案 ①D ②C [①:because of是介词,其后跟what引导的宾语从句。②:because是连词,其后跟从句。]
21.①—What made him struggle ________ an artist so hard?
—That he was a man.
A.becoming
B.became
C.to become
D.become
②—What made her ________ a famous artist?
—Working very hard.
A.becoming
B.became
C.to become
D.become
答案 ①C ②D [①:struggle跟to do不跟doing作宾语,故选C。②:使役动词make后的宾补可以是do但一般不用doing或to do,排除A、C,选D。]
22.①Yesterday I went to buy a computer.There were so many models for us ________ in the shop that I was at a loss which to buy.
A.to be chosen
B.to choose from
C.to choose
D.for choosing
②Yesterday I went to buy a computer.There were so many models that I didn't know which one ________.
A.to be chosen
B.to choose from
C.to choose D.for choosing
答案 ①B ②C [choose是“选中”之意,而choose from是“从……中选择”的意思,根据语境,①选B,②选C。]
23.①What have we said ________ her so unhappy?
A.makes
B.to make
C.made
D.had made
②What we have said ________ her so unhappy.
A.makes
B.to make
C.made
D.had made
答案 ①B ②C [①是特殊疑问句,不定式作结果状语。②中的What we have said是主语从句,此空需填谓语动词,故选C。由主语从句的have said可知,不选D。]
24.①The pollution is getting worse and worse.We must stop pollution ________ longer.
A.living
B.from living
C.to live
D.live
②The pollution is getting worse and worse.First of all, we must stop the air ________.
A.polluting
B.being polluted
C.to pollute
D.pollute
答案 ①C ②B [①:不定式表目的。句意:要想长寿,我们必须阻止污染。②:这是stop...(from)doing“阻止……做……”结构,由于空气是“被污染”的,所以排除A,故选B。]
25.①In order not to be found, I'll spend the night ________ in my room.
A.locking
B.locked
C.to lock
D.lock
②In order to pass the exam, I'll spend the night ________ in my room.
A.studying
B.studied
C.to study
D.study
答案 ①B ②A [①:I与lock是被动关系,故选B,过去分词作伴随状语。句意:为了不被找到,我把自己整晚锁在房间里。②:考查spend some time (in)doing sth.结构。]
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