2017届高考英语牛津译林版必修2总复习课件《Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained》2-1-5动词时态和语态（江苏专用）

　　【例15】 The book is worthy ________ again because it is very instructive. A．reading

　　B．to read C．to be read

　　D．of reading 答案　C 8．表示“需要”的动词need，want，require或动词deserve(“应受，应得，值得”)后的动名词用主动式表被动意义。 【例16】 As a result of the serious flood，two­thirds of the buildings in the area________. A．need repairing

　　B．needs to be repaired C．needs repairing

　　D．need to repair 答案　A 注：这些动词后的动名词若改为不定式则要用被动式。 【例17】 His deeds deserved ________. A．to praise

　　B．being praised C．to be praised

　　D．having been praised 答案　C 四、不及物动词和有些及物动词(短语)无被动语态 常见的有occur，take place，happen，break out，belong to，appear，disappear，cost，last，agree with等。 【例18】 Great changes ________ in the city and a lot of factories ________. A．have been taken place；have been set up B．have taken place；have been set up C．are taken place；are set up D．were taken place；were set up 答案　B 【例19】 I don't think the watch ________ much，which is ________ 30 dollars at most. A．cost；worth

　　B．worthy；worth C．cost；cost

　　D．worth；cost 答案　A 【例20】 In a struggle ________ for many years，the Aborigines claimed equal rights for all Australians，but the Australian government didn't pass laws to strengthen the rights until the 1960's. A．that lasting

　　B．lasted C．that was lasted

　　D．that lasted 答案　D 【例33】 By the end of last year，another new gymnasium ________ in Beijing. A．would be completed

　　B．was being completed

　　C．hasn't been completed

　　D．had been completed 答案　D 七、一般将来时 表示在将来的某个时候将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 1．“will/shall＋动词原形”表示将来的用法 will可用于各种人称，shall一般只用于第一人称。 【例34】 Great changes ________ take place in the future. A．would

　　B．will

　　C．did

　　D．shall 答案　B 注：will用于条件状语从句时，表示“愿意”。 【例35】 If you ________ go to the countryside，you ________ go. A．shall；shall

　　B．will；may C．will；shall

　　D．shall；may 答案　B 2．“be going to＋动词原形”表示将来的用法 表示打算和预测。 【例36】 The film ________ this Sunday. A．is going to be shown

　　B．is showing C．is to show

　　D．will have been shown 答案　A 3．“be to＋动词原形”表示将来的用法 表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作，有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。 【例37】 The teacher said，“All the exercises ________ be handed in on time.” A．will

　　B．are to C．are about to

　　D．are going to 答案　B 4．“be about to＋动词原形”表示将来的用法 表示即将要发生的事，通常不与具体的时间状语连用。 【例38】 Look! Here comes a taxi.We ________ leave. A．shall

　　B．are about to C．are to

　　D．are going to 答案　B 5．“be due to＋动词原形”表示将来的用法 表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事。 【例39】 The strike ________ begin on Tuesday. A．is due to

　　B．is about to C．shall

　　D．are going to 答案　A 6．will/shall与be going to的区别 (1)be going to可用于条件状语从句表示将来，而shall/will一般不可。 【例40】 If you ________ to my house，you'd better phone me first. A．will coming

　　B．shall come C．are going to come

　　D．is to come 答案　C (2)迹象表明要发生某事，只用be going to。 【例41】 Look at those black clouds.It ________ rain. A．will

　　B．is going to C．shall

　　D．is about to 答案　B (3)若强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，用be going to；若表示某个意图没经过事先考虑，而是在说话时的临时决定，则用will/shall。 【例42】 —Mary is in hospital. —Oh，really? I didn't know.I ________ visit her. A．am going to

　　B．will C．am to

　　D．am about to 答案　B 【例43】 —Mary is in hospital. —Yes，I know.I ________ visit her tomorrow. A．am going to

　　B．will C．am to

　　D．am about to 答案　A 八、将来进行时 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。 【例44】 —Guess what，we've got our visas for a short­term visit to the UK this summer. —How nice！You________a different culture then.(2010·福建) A．will be experiencing

　　B．have experienced C．have been experiencing

　　D．will have experienced 答案　A 【例45】 If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you________fresh watermelon in the fall.(2010·浙江) A．eat

　　B．would eat C．have eaten

　　D．will be eating 答案　D 九、过去将来时 1．过去将来时的基本用法 表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，多用于主句谓语动词是一般过去时的宾语从句中。 【例46】 The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune________.

　　(2010·全国Ⅰ) A．is made

　　B．would make C．was to be made

　　D．had made 答案　C 2．用过去进行时表示过去将来时 某些动词(如：go，start，come，leave，arrive，take off等)的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。 【例47】 —My father will be here tomorrow. —Oh，I thought that he ________ today. A．was coming

　　B．is coming C．will come

　　D．comes 答案　A 十、将来完成时 指将来某一时刻已完成的动作。常用于将来完成时的时间状语有：by the time，by the end of，by等。 【例48】 By the time Jane gets home，her aunt ________ for London to attend a meeting. A．will leave

　　B．leaves C．will have left

　　D．left 答案　C 十一、时态呼应 时态呼应是指从句谓语动词的时态受主句谓语动词时态的制约。时态呼应的两个特点： (1)当主句的谓语动词为现在时态时，从句谓语动词不受限制。 (2)当主句谓语动词为过去时态时，从句谓语动词要与其保持一致，即用相应的过去时态。 【例49】 I know that Jane ________ for London last week and ________ be back until next Sunday. A．had left；won't

　　B．left；won't C．was leaving；will

　　D．left；will 答案　B 【例50】 The old man told me that he ________ in the city for 50 years. A．has lived

　　B．was living

　　C．had lived

　　D．will live 答案　C 注：当从句表示的是一个永恒的真理或表明一个人或东西的经常性特点时，可以不受主句谓语动词时态的约束。 【例51】 When I was five years old，my mother ________ me that the earth ________ round the sun. A．told；goes

　　B．had told；goes C．told；went

　　D．had told；went 答案　A 【例52】 Did he say the train ________ at 6：45? A．will leave

　　B．had left C．has left

　　D．leaves 答案　D 动词语态 一、定义与用法 英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“be/get＋过去分词”构成。 【例1】 This coastal area ________ a national wildlife reserve last year.

　　(2010·湖南) A．was named

　　B．named C．is named

　　D．names 答案　A 【例2】 This old bookcase ________ when we moved it. A．damaged

　　B．has damaged C．got damaged

　　D．was being damaged 答案　C 二、两种特殊的被动语态 1．双宾语动词的被动语态 英语中有些动词可以有两个宾语，如：give，buy，bring，show，pass，offer，lend，leave，tell，write，sing，teach等，这些动词用于被动结构时，可以将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，而另一个宾语仍保留在谓语后面。如：He bought me many books.→ I was bought many books.或 Many books were bought for me. 【例3】 I ________ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A．gave

　　B．was given C．was giving

　　D．had given 答案　B 2．短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是由“动词＋介词”，“动词＋名词＋介词”等结构构成的动词短语，在被动语态结构中，不能漏掉其后的介词。 【例4】 —Why does Lingling look so unhappy? —She ________ by her classmates. A．has laughed

　　B．has laughed at C．has been laughed

　　D．has been laughed at 答案　D 三、主动表被动的若干情形 1．系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，prove等)要用主动表被动。 【例5】 Although all of the apples ________，none of them ________ good. A．have been tasted；taste

　　B．have been tasted；are tasted C．have tasted；taste

　　D．have tasted；are tasted 答案　A 2．英语中有些动词如：open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，cut，wear，carry等，当主语是物，且又表示主语的特征和状态时，要用主动形式表被动含义。 【例6】 The stockings ________ easily. A．tear

　　B．are torn C．tearing

　　D．are being torn 答案　A 【例7】 Being popular with customers，the products ________ well and maybe ________ in two months. A．sell；sell out

　　B．are sold；sell out C．sell；will be sold out

　　D．are sold；will be sold out 答案　C 3．不定式to blame用作表语，通常用主动表被动。 【例8】 The policy is partly ________ for causing the worst unemployment in Europe. A．to be blamed

　　B．to blame C．being blamed

　　D．blaming 答案　B 4．“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。 这类形容词常见的有：convenient，comfortable，dangerous，difficult，hard，easy，impossible，interesting，nice，pleasant，safe，tough，tricky，unpleasant等。 【例9】 The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable ________. A．to sit

　　B．to sit on C．to be sat on

　　D．for sitting 答案　B 【例10】 A lot of people find modern art very hard ________. A．understood

　　B．to be understood C．to understand

　　D．being understood 答案　C 5．不定式用于某些动词(如：have[有]，get，want，need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 【例11】 I have some clothes ________ now，so I can't go out to play. A．to wash

　　B．to be washed C．washing

　　D．being washed 答案　A 注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式。 【例12】 Sir，do you have something ________？ I'm free now. A．to type

　　B．typing C．to be typed

　　D．to have typed 答案　C 6．在“with＋宾语＋不定式”结构中，不定式表示将来的动作，且其逻辑主语是句子的主语，该不定式常用主动表被动。 【例13】 With so many difficult problems ________，I don't know if I'll have time to go camping with my friends this weekend. A．to settle

　　B．settled C．to be settled

　　D．have to be settled 答案　A 7．be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。 【例14】 These ten books recommended by this well­known website are really worth ________. A．to read

　　B．to be read C．reading

　　D．being read 答案　C 注：be worthy却不一样，其后常接不定式的被动式或of＋动名词的被动式。 第五章　动词时态和语态

　　△动词时态和语态讲解△ 动词时态 一、一般现在时 1．一般现在时的基本用法 主要表示目前的特征或状态、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、客观存在及普遍真理等。 【例1】 I ________ all the cooking for my family，but recently I've been too busy to do it.(2010·辽宁) A．will do

　　B．do

　　C．am doing

　　D．had done 答案　B 【例2】 The teacher said that the sun ________ in the east. A．rose

　　B．raises

　　C．rises

　　D．is rising 答案　C 2．一般现在时在状语从句中的用法 在以when，until (till)，as soon as，by the time，after，before等引导的时间状语从句或以if，unless，once等引导的条件状语从句以及以no matter when，however，even if等引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 【例3】 —When ________ again? —When he ________，I'll let you know. A．he comes；comes

　　B．will he come；will come C．he comes；will come

　　D．will he come；comes 答案　D 【例4】 I can't tell you if it ________ tomorrow if you ________ me. A．rains；will ask

　　B．shall rain；ask C．will rain；ask

　　D．would rain；will ask 答案　C 二、一般过去时 1．一般过去时的基本用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，或表示在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。 (2)常用的时间状语有：yesterday，last year，the other day，just now，three days ago，in 1999等。 【例5】 Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the 1900s，when people ________ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A．begin

　　B．began C．have begun

　　D．had begun 答案　B 【例6】 —Nancy is not coming tonight. —But she ________！ A．promises

　　B．promised C．will promise

　　D．had promised 答案　B 2．一般过去时用于状语从句的表达方式 在时间、条件等状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 【例7】 He said he would go to see his mother when he ________ from abroad. A．returned

　　B．was returned C．would return

　　D．had returned 答案　A 【例8】 Helen ________ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________ home. A．has left；comes

　　B．left；had come C．had left；came

　　D．had left；would come 答案　C 三、现在进行时 1．现在进行时的基本用法 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。 【例9】 —I'm not finished with my dinner yet. —But our friends ________ for us. A．will wait

　　B．wait C．have waited

　　D．are waiting 答案　D 【例10】 These days my father ________ a novel. A．writes

　　B．is writing C．has written

　　D．will write 答案　B 2．用进行时表示将来的情况 某些动词的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了的将来动作。常见的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，take off等。 【例11】 He ________ to see you tomorrow. A．comes

　　B．has come C．is coming

　　D．was coming 答案　C 3．always等副词在进行时中表达的意义 always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副词和现在进行时连用，表达说话人的某种感情，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译为“老是、总是”。 【例12】 John ________ of what he can do for others. A．always think

　　B．is always thinking C．has always thought

　　D．will always think 答案　B 【例13】 You ________ TV.Why not do something more active? A．always watch B．are always watching C．have always watched D．have always been watched 答案　B 4．一般不用于进行时的动词 状态动词或静态动词通常不用于进行时态。如：like，love，prefer，want，think，wish，desire，believe，know，understand，realize，recognize，doubt，feel，forgive，guess，imagine，satisfy，taste，see，be，belong to，concern，contain，cost，depend on，deserve，have(有)，have on，lack，need，owe，own，remain，seem，sound等。 【例14】 I ________ Tom quite well.We were introduced at a party. A．am knowing

　　B．was knowing C．know

　　D．had been knowing 答案　C 【例15】 —You are drinking too much. —Only at home.No one ________ me but you. A．is seeing

　　B．had seen C．sees

　　D．saw 答案　C 四、过去进行时 1．过去进行时的基本用法 表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。 【例16】 I walked slowly through the market，where people ________ all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.(2010·湖南) A．sell

　　B．were selling C．had sold

　　D．have sold 答案　B 【例17】 —Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on. —Where was I?

　　—You ________ you didn't like your father's job. A．had said

　　B．said C．were saying

　　D．had been saying

　　答案　C 【例18】 Shirley ________ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it. A．has written

　　B．wrote C．had written

　　D．was writing 答案　D 2．过去进行时的其他用法 (1)表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。 (2)与always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副词连用，可表示某种感情色彩。 【例19】 He lost his watch when he ________ football. A．played

　　B．was playing C．had played

　　D．would play 答案　B 【例20】 The leaders thought ill of Mrs.Black，because she ________. A．was always complaining B．had always complained C．would always complain D．will always be complaining 答案　A 五、现在完成时 1．现在完成时的基本用法 主要强调“过去”和“现在”的关系，须注意下面几点： (1)指过去的动作对现在的影响。 (2)现在完成时一般不与具体的过去时间状语或when从句连用。 (3)短暂性动词的完成时一般不与段时间状语连用。 (4)常用于现在完成时态的时间状语有：in the past few years，by now，up to now，so far，already，yet，since，for five years，recently，lately，before，never，once，today，this week (month，year)，many times，just等。 【例21】 —I'm sorry，but I don't quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? —Sorry，I ________ myself clear.We want to return on October 20. (2010·北京) A．hadn't made

　　B．wouldn't make C．don't make

　　D．haven't made 答案　D 【例22】 They ________ friends since they met in Shanghai. A．have made

　　B．have become C．have been

　　D．have turned 答案　C 【例23】 —I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her birthday. —Oh，how nice! Do you know when she ________？ A．was leaving

　　B．had left C．has left

　　D．left 答案　D 2．现在完成时在It/This/That is the first/second time (that)．..结构中的应用 该结构中，that引导的从句常用现在完成时。 【例24】 —Do you know our town at all? —No，this is the first time I ________ here. A．was

　　B．have been C．came

　　D．am coming 答案　B 3．现在完成时和一般过去时的比较 相同点：都表示动作发生在过去。 不同点：现在完成时表示与现在有关；一般过去时表示与现在无关。 【例25】 —You didn't lock the back door. —You are wrong.I ________. A．did lock it

　　B．have locked it C．lock it myself

　　D．do lock it 答案　A 【例26】 How can you possibly miss the news? It ________ on TV all day long. A．has been

　　B．had been C．was

　　D．will be 答案　A 【例27】 —Does Liu Hui serve in the army? —No，but he ________ in the army for 3 years. A．served

　　B．has served C．is serving

　　D．would serve 答案　A 4．现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 现在完成进行时表示从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作；现在完成时表示动作已完成。如：I've been writing an article.(还在写)/I've written an article.(已写好) 【例28】 I'm tired out.I ________ all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.

　　(2010·湖南) A．shopped

　　B．have shopped C．had shopped

　　D．have been shopping 答案　D 六、过去完成时 1．过去完成时基本用法 (1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作(即所谓的“过去的过去”)。 (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。 【例29】 It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ________ for me.(2010·北京) A．had done

　　B．did C．would do

　　D．were doing 答案　A 2．过去完成时表示“本来……”的用法 动词think，expect，hope，suppose，want，plan，mean，intend等用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，意为“本来……”。 【例30】 They ________ to help，but they could not get there in time. A．want

　　B．had wanted C．were wanting

　　D．have wanted 答案　B 3．用于某些特殊结构 (1)It/This/That was the first/second time (that)＋过去完成时 (2)It was＋段时间＋since＋过去完成时 (3)no sooner...than...或hardly...when...的主句谓语要用过去完成时 (4)含“by＋过去时间点”或“by the time＋一般过去时”的句子常用过去完成时。 【例31】 This was the first time we ________ at home. A．met

　　B．had met C．was met

　　D．would meet 答案　B 【例32】 We ________ hardly arrived when it ________ to rain. A．had；began

　　B．have；began C．不填；began

　　D．不填；had began 答案　A