2017届高三广东北师大版英语一轮复习学案：M4 unit 12《Culture Shock》（1）

　　2017届高三广东北师大版英语一轮复习学案：

　　M4 unit 12 Culture Shock（1）

　　10. defend, protect与guard

　　这三个词都有“保护,使安全”之意,也都常

　　用于defend / protect / guard…against / from…

　　结构中。

　　①defend意为“保卫,捍卫”,指抵抗或防御外来

　　的威胁、攻击；它还可表示在法庭上或理论

　　上进行辩护。

　　The people defended the town against the

　　foreign invaders.

　　人民保卫城镇,抵抗外国侵略者。

　　He had a good lawyer to defend him.

　　他有一个好律师为他辩护。

　　②protect意为“保护”,指的是采取措施以保障

　　某人或某物的安全,以免受到危险或损害、伤

　　害等。

　　He was wearing dark glasses to protect his eyes

　　from the sun.

　　他戴一副墨镜以保护眼睛不受阳光的刺激。

　　③guard意为“守卫,警戒,看守”,目的是维护安

　　全,防备危险的发生。

　　The gate is guarded by soldiers; you can’t go

　　without a pass.

　　大门有兵守卫,你没有通行证过不去。

　　用defend, protect, guard的适当形式填空

　　Our armies are determined to __________ our

　　great motherland.

　　We should do something practical to ________

　　the river from pollution.

　　Two different soldiers ________ the gate

　　twenty-four hours every day.

　　defend

　　protect

　　guard

　　11. concentrate vi. 集中注意力；使集中

　　concentrate on / upon

　　把……集中在……上,专心致志于

　　You must concentrate on your work.

　　你必须专心于你的工作。

　　I tried to concentrate my attention upon my

　　chemical researches.

　　我尽力专心于我的化学研究。

　　I can’t concentrate with that noise going on.

　　到处是噪音,我不能集中精神。

　　concentration n. 专心,集中

　　This book will need all your concentration.

　　读这本书需要你专心致志。

　　12. warn vt. 警告,告诫

　　①warn sb. of sth. 提醒某人注意某事

　　The newspaper warns the public of the danger

　　of smoking.

　　报纸提醒公众注意吸烟的危害。

　　②warn sb. against doing sth.

　　=warn sb. not to do sth.

　　警告某人不要做某事

　　The doctor warned the patient against smoking.

　　The doctor warned the patient not to smoke.

　　医生告诫病人不要吸烟。

　　③warn+从句

　　I have warned him that it is not allowed.

　　我曾警告过他,这是不被允许的。

　　warning adj. 警告的,预告的；n. 警戒

　　He gave me a warning look.

　　他向我使了一个警告的神色。

　　He paid no attention to my warnings.

　　他无视我的警告。

　　1. 我警告他们不要在这样薄的冰上溜冰。

　　I _________________ go skating on such thin ice.

　　2. 他提醒我人群中有扒手。

　　He ______________ there were pickpockets in

　　the crowd.

　　warned them not to

　　warned me that

　　13. in favour of 支持,赞同

　　All of us are in favour of the proposal that our

　　school uniform should be made to our own taste.

　　我们都赞成校服应依据我们的品位去做的提议。

　　Nowadays clothes from Korea are in favour with

　　young people.

　　现在韩国的服装很受年轻人的欢迎。

　　“It’s too difficult; can I ask you a favour?” I

　　asked my math teacher.

　　“这道题太难了,我能请您帮个忙吗？”我问数

　　学老师。

　　用favour的有关短语的适当形式填空

　　Would you please _______________ and turn

　　down the radio?

　　Are you _______________ my plan that we go

　　climbing this weekend?

　　Young and beautiful teachers are ____________

　　in middle schools.

　　do me a favour

　　in favour of

　　in favour (with)

　　用favour的有关短语的适当形式填空

　　I want to ______________ of you. Will you

　　lend me your car?

　　I think we are _______________ with them.

　　We have not been asked to any of their parties

　　this year.

　　ask a favour

　　out of favour

　　14. on condition (that)=only if; provided (that)

　　只有在……条件下

　　You can go swimming on condition that you

　　don’t go too far from the river bank.

　　你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以去游泳。

　　on no condition＝by no means 决不

　　in good/ bad/ poor/ perfect condition 在好/坏/差/完美的情况下

　　out of condition 健康不佳；情况不好

　　under the conditions of 在……情况下

　　You must on no condition tell him what happened.

　　你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。

　　15. in spite of 虽然,尽管

　　In spite of all his efforts, he failed.

　　他虽然作了各种努力,仍然失败了。

　　以下几个句子表达的意思一样,但必须注意它们

　　的不同之处：

　　We went out in spite of the rain. (in spite of后跟名词)

　　=Despite of the rain, we went out. (despite of=in spite of)

　　We went out though / although it was raining.

　　(though / although后跟句子)

　　尽管下雨，我们还是出去了。

　　regardless of, in spite of与despite

　　①regardless of 不理会，不顾

　　They decorated the house regardless of cost.

　　他们不惜成本装修这栋房子。

　　②in spite of 不顾，不管，尽管

　　They went out in spite of the rain.

　　尽管下着雨，他们还是出去了。

　　③despite 不顾，不管，尽管

　　They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather.

　　尽管天气不好，他们的假日还是过得极为愉快。

　　1. 他已竭尽全力，但仍然失败了。

　　_______________________________________________________________

　　2. 尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。

　　_______________________________________________________________

　　3. 虽然吃了很多东西，他还是觉得饿。(一句多译)

　　_______________________________________________________________

　　【答案】

　　1. In spite of all his efforts, he failed.

　　2. Despite all our efforts we still lost the game.

　　3. Despite eating lots of food, he is still feeling hungry.

　　In spite of / Regardless of so much food he has eaten, he's still feeling hungry.

　　Although / Though he has eaten lots of food, he's still feeling hungry.

　　It’s no use doing sth. 做某事没有用

　　在这个句型中,v.-ing形式短语是真正的主语,

　　it是形式主语。类似的句型还有：

　　①It is no good doing sth. 做某事不好

　　②It’s a waste of time / money doing sth.

　　做某事是白费时间/金钱

　　③It’s fun doing sth. 做某事很有趣

　　④There's no point (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义

　　It is no use crying over spilt milk.

　　覆水难收。(谚语)

　　1. 跟他讲没用，因为他从来不听。

　　________________， because he never listens.

　　2. 在她目前的心情下，想找她谈是白费时间。

　　________________________ when she's in this mood.

　　3. 打高尔夫球很有意思。

　　_____________________________________________.

　　4 .抱怨于事无补；他们没办法帮助你。

　　________________. They can't do anything to help you.

　　【答案】

　　1. It is no good talking to him

　　2. It's a waste of time trying to talk to her

　　3. It's great fun playing golf

　　4. There is no point (in) complaining.

　　地点介绍(基础写作)

　　地理位置方位介绍常用句型：

　　1. 表示位置

　　Guangdong Province lies in the south of China.

　　广东省位于中国的南部。

　　On the top of the mountain lies a temple.

　　山顶有一座庙。

　　The teaching building is located at the back of the school.

　　教学楼坐落于校园的后面。

　　2. 表示历史

　　The city has/possesses/owns a history of more than 1,000 years.

　　这个城市有1000多年历史。

　　The city with a history of more than 1,000 years is our pride.

　　这座有1000多年历史的城市是我们的骄傲。

　　3. 表示面积

　　The new square will have/cover an area of 100,000 square meters.

　　新广场将占地10万平方米。

　　A new school with an area of more than 200,000 square meters will be set up.

　　一所占地20万平方米的新学校将被建立。

　　4. 表示人口

　　Shanghai has a population of more than 20,000,000.

　　上海人口超过2000万。

　　5. 表示“是……之乡/乐土”

　　This region is the home of many species of wild flowers.

　　这一地区是多种野花的家园。

　　The countryside in the north is hospitable to such fruits.

　　北方的乡下适宜这些水果的生长。

　　6. 表示“有……美誉”

　　This area enjoys the reputation of a land with milk and honey.

　　这个地方有“鱼米之乡”的美誉。

　　As we all know, it is famous/well­known for…

　　众所周知，它以……而著名。

　　This country/city is rich /abundant in…

　　这个国家/城市有丰富的……

　　The special character of…is…

　　……的特殊性是……

　　请根据以下提示写一篇短文介绍Australia，内容包括以下几点：

　　1. 位置：太平洋的西侧

　　2. 面积：760万平方公里

　　3. 人口：2,000多万，多数人住在东部沿海地区

　　4. 首都：Canberra, 风景秀丽

　　5. 城市：Sydney，有许多名胜，如悉尼歌剧院(opera house)

　　第一步：审题，确定写作内容，这是一篇介绍澳大利亚基本情况的说明文。

　　第二步：确定时态，全篇都是一般事实的叙述，应该用现在时。

　　第三步：翻译要点

　　1. Australia lies on the west of the Pacific.

　　2. Australia covers an area of 7.6 million square kilometers.

　　3. It has a small population of over 20 million.

　　4. Most Australians live in the east of the country by the sea.

　　5. Canberra is the capital of Australia.

　　6. Canberra is a beautiful city.

　　7. Sydney is one of the biggest cities in Australia.

　　8. Sydney has many places of interest.

　　9. The Opera House is famous throughout the world.

　　第四步：整合信息，合并句子。地点介绍的文章往往信息点比较多，需要我们合理巧妙地根据逻辑关系来整合信息。第1、2句是介绍澳大利亚地理位置和人口的，可整合成一句。第3、4句都提到了澳大利亚人，可改为一个非限制性定语从句。第5、6句和7、8句分别有相同的叙述主体，均可整合为一句。其他几点可单独成句。

　　第五步：连词成篇。运用适当的衔接词语使文章连贯，使文章的结构紧凑。

　　Australia lies on the west of the Pacific and covers an area of 7.6 million square kilometers. It has a small population of over 20 million, most of whom live in the east of the country by the sea. Canberra, the capital of Australia, is a beautiful city. Sydney is one of the biggest cities in Australia, which has many places of interest. The Opera House is famous throughout the world.

　　请根据所给的信息，用英语介绍斐济。

　　　【写作内容】

　　国名： 斐济群岛共和国(The Republic of The FiJi Islands)

　　地理位置： 太平洋的中心，新西兰的北部，澳大利亚的西北部

　　陆地面积： 1.8万平方公里

　　首都： 苏瓦(Suva)

　　人口： 大约86.1万

　　官方语言：英语

　　气候： 气候温和，阳光充足，年平均气温为22℃～30℃

　　国庆节： 每年10月10日

　　交通： 水、陆、空便利，太平洋群岛的交通中心

　　【写作要求】

　　只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。

　　______________________________________

　　____________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　___________________________________________

　　One possible version：

　　Located in the heart of the Pacific Ocean, the Republic of The FiJi Islands is situated to the north of New Zealand and northwest of Australia with a land area of 18,000 square kilometers.

　　Fiji, whose capital is Suva, has a population of

　　861,000 and the official language is English. It has a warm climate with plenty of sunshine and the

　　average temperature ranges from 22℃ to 33℃. National day falls on October 10th every year. With the convenient sea, land and air transportation, it is the traffic center of the Pacific islands.