2017年高考英语试题分项版解析Ⅰ专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气（教师版）

　　解题的方法：否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，表示怀疑、惊异、不相信的态度表示“经过努力后终于能……”用be able to惯用形式“can not (can't)…too/over/enough”。表示“无论怎么……也不(过分)”，用来加强语气

　　can not but do sth. 不得不；只好can ,may ,must皆可用来表示推测

　　在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must”语气最肯定may”表示的是事实上的可能性。在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t”（不可能语气比may not”（可能不、也许不）更在疑问句中只能用can”，不能用may和must。情态动词+have done的用法

　　could+have done：本可以做而实际上未能做cannot+have done：表示对过去行为的否定推测

　　can+主语+have done：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定

　　might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测

　　must+have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have done

　　needn’t+have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了

　　should(ought to)+ have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生发生了。

　　1.(2017课标卷)30.I

　　_use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.

　　A. couldn't

　　B. mustn't

　　C. shouldn't

　　D. needn't

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】考查情态动词。根据下文“at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house（每天早上六点有火车从我家附近驶过）”所以我没有必要用时钟叫醒我。.(2017大纲卷)17.I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _________find the money.

　　A . can

　　B. might

　　C.

　　would

　　D. need

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】考查情态动词。此处考查的是“can”的基本意义“能，能够”。句意：如果我能够弄到那笔钱，我就和约翰一起到欧洲去度假。

　　.(2017北京卷)35.Don’t handle the vase as if it ________ made of steel.

　　A. is

　　B. were

　　C. has been

　　D. had been

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】考查虚拟语气。对现在的虚拟用were。as if“仿佛，好像”。其后面的内容若与事实不符则用虚拟语气，花瓶不是用钢做的，因此选择B项。句意：别把这花瓶当作钢做的似的去拿。

　　.(2017天津卷) 8.It’s quite warm here; we __________turn the heating on yet.

　　A. couldn’t

　　B. mustn’t

　　C. needn’t

　　D. wouldn’t

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】考查情态动词。根据上文“这里相当暖和”可以推知下文应该是：我们没必要开暖气。

　　.(2017上海卷)28.The new law states that people

　　drive after drinking alcohol.

　　A. wouldn't

　　B. needn't

　　C. won't

　　D. mustn't

　　【答案】【解析】’t”表示“禁止、不容许”的意思。

　　8.(2017重庆卷) 25.—____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?

　　—Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.

　　A. Can

　　B. Should

　　C. Must

　　D. Would

　　【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。must表说话者极不耐烦和生气的语气。句意：“—你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你看不到我在打电话吗？—对不起，先生，事情很急。”

　　.(2017安徽卷) 31.Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she

　　there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.

　　A. lives

　　B. would live

　　C. has lived

　　D. were to live

　　10.(2017福建卷)31.We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ____ more places of interest yesterday.

　　A. visited

　　B. had visited

　　C. would visit

　　D. would have visited

　　【答案】D　

　　【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：昨天我们在那个小村庄迷路了，否则我们本可以参观更多的名胜。本句为含有otherwise的含蓄虚拟句’t lost our way in that small village），是对过去的虚拟，故选D。

　　1.(2017湖南卷)29.Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

　　A. have had

　　B. had had

　　C. have

　　D. had

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据上下文可知，这是对现在情况的虚拟，if 从句用过去式，主句用would+原形。句意：对不起，我现在太忙了。要是有时间的话，我肯定会和你一起去郊游的。

　　1.(2017江苏卷)28.Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but

　　say where he was.

　　A. mustn't

　　B. shouldn't

　　C. wouldn't

　　D. mightn't

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】情态动词mustn’t“禁止”；shouldn’t“不应该”；wouldn’t“不愿意”；mightn’t“或许不”。句意：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切很好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。根据句意可知，应选C项。

　　13.(2017江苏卷) 35.—Happy birthday!

　　—Thank you! It’s the best present I

　　for.

　　A. should have wished

　　B. must have wished

　　C. may have wished

　　D. could have wished

　　14.(2017江西卷)22.We

　　have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.

　　A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t

　　15.(2017辽宁卷)24.One of our rules is that every student

　　wear school uniform while at school.

　　A. might

　　B. could

　　C. shall

　　D. will

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】考查情态动词。shall用于条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定, 意为“应该、必须”。 句意：我们的一条规则是学生在校时都必须要穿校服。

　　16.(2017辽宁卷)33.Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he

　　something instead of just talking.

　　A. will do

　　B. has done

　　C. do

　　D. did

　　17.(2017山东卷)30.If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.

　　A. haven’t made

　　B. wouldn’t make

　　C. didn’t make

　　D. hadn’t made

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】考查虚拟语气。这是if引导的条件状语从句，根据主句中的wouldn’t have been so successful可知与过去事实相反，是虚拟条件句。虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的情况中，i f引导的从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时had done。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会如此的成功。

　　18.(2017陕西卷)17.If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

　　A. was

　　B. had been

　　C. should be

　　D. would be

　　19.(2017陕西卷)23.I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.

　　A. won’t

　　B. can’t

　　C. can

　　D. will

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】考查情态动词。固定搭配can’ t …too much意思为：再……也不为过。句意：鉴于我们不在家期间你给我儿子的所有帮助，我们再怎么感谢你也不为过。

　　20.(2017四川卷)19.I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China.

　　A. must

　　B. might

　　C. can

　　D. should

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】考查情态动词。句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。

　　1.(2017卷)19.Had they known what was coming next, they ________ second thoughts.

　　A. may have

　　B. could have

　　C. must have had

　　D. might have had