高中英语绝佳复习备考资料问题六：完形填空-常用词语辨析错误

　　问题：常用词语辨析错误

　　【问题描述与分析】

　　选项中所给的4个词的词性都是相同的，词义相同或相近，这类题的难度是很大的，要求考生在正确理解文章意义的情况下，正确辨别词义。

　　【例】 The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to__31__the seats, settled in one of them.

　　It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of__32__. Susan’s husband Mark watched her__33__into hopelessness and he was__34__to use every possible means to help his wife.

　　Finally, Susan felt ready to__35__to her job, but how would she get there? She used to take the bus, but she was now too__36__to get around the city by herself. Mark__37__to ride the bus with Susan each morning and evening__38__she could manage it by herself.

　　For two weeks, Mark__39__Susan to and from work each day. He taught her how to rely on her other__40__，specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new__41__.

　　At last, Susan decided that she was ready to try the trip__42__. Monday morning arrived. Before she left, she hugged her husband__43__， her eyes filled with tears of gratitude(感激)．She said good-bye and, for the first time, they went their__44__ways. Each day went perfectly, and a wild excitement__45__Susan. She was doing it!

　　On Friday morning, Susan took the bus to work__46__. As she was getting off the bus, the driver said. “Miss, I sure__47__you.” Curious, Susan asked the driver__48__.

　　“You know, every morning for the__49__week, a fine-looking gentleman in a military uniform has been standing across the corner watching you until you enter your office building safely，” the bus driver said.

　　Tears of happiness poured down Susan’s cheeks. She was so lucky for he had given her a gift more powerful than__50__. That is the gift of love that can bring light where there is darkness.(2010·湖北卷)

　　31．A.touch

　　B．grab

　　C．count

　　D．feel

　　32．A.weakness

　　B．sickness

　　C．darkness

　　D．sadness

　　33．A.run

　　B．sink

　　C．jump

　　D．step

　　34．A.inspired

　　B．determined

　　C．honored

　　D．pleased

　　35．A.return

　　B．adjust

　　C．contribute

　　D．stick

　　36．A.tired

　　B．astonished

　　C．depressed

　　D．frightened

　　37．A.volunteered

　　B．attempted

　　C．continued

　　D．struggled

　　38．A.when

　　B．as

　　C．until

　　D．after

　　39．A.drove

　　B．directed

　　C．accompanied

　　D．sent

　　40．A.feelings

　　B．organs

　　C．skills

　　D．senses

　　41．A.position

　　B．environment

　　C．status

　　D．role

　　42．A.on her own

　　B．in person

　　C．to her benefit

　　D．on foot

　　43．A.politely

　　B．calmly

　　C．briefly

　　D．tightly

　　44．A.opposite

　　B．separate

　　C．fixed

　　D．lonely

　　45．A.took charge of

　　B．took place of

　　C．took advantage of

　　D．took hold of

　　46．A.as usual

　　B．as a role

　　C．as well

　　D．as a consequence

　　47．A.respect

　　B．envy

　　C．know

　　D．support

　　48．A.what

　　B．how

　　C．why

　　D．who

　　49．A.past

　　B．same

　　C．first

　　D．next

　　50．A.courage

　　B．will

　　C．sight

　　D．wisdom

　　【解题导语】 湖北高考试题对单词的辨析要求是很高的，本题中的34、37、41、42和44较难，考查的高级词汇和短语，对即使能看懂短文内容的学生来说也是较难的。

　　31．答案：D　[下面一段开头说，Susan双目失明已经有一年了，由此判断，这里表示她上公交车之后，用双手摸索着找座位，因此选D，表示，“触摸，摸索”。本题考生易错选A项。touch：轻触，轻碰(某物/某人)grab攫取，抓取，夺取，霸占：count计算，数，认为，看做，计数，有重要意义，有价值。]

　　32．答案：C　[本段第一句交代了Susan双目失明已经一年了，因此语境表示“由于一场事故，她突然被抛进了黑暗的世界”。weakness软弱；sickness疾病；sadness悲伤。]

　　33．答案：B　[Susan的丈夫Mark看着自己的妻子陷入绝望的状态，于是决定想尽一切办法来帮助她。sink into sth.(不用于被动语态)：go into(a less active or happy state)“陷入(消极、不活跃或不愉快的状态)”，符合语境。run into偶然遇到，途中遭遇(恶劣天气等)；jump into跳进；step into走进去，步入。]

　　34．答案：B　[根据语境，丈夫看见妻子由于意外事故而双目失明并且对生活感到绝望，此时的他当然是要下定决心，采取一切办法帮助妻子，因此选B。 be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事。]

　　35．答案：A　[由空后her job及“她怎么能到那里呢？”可知本空表示Susan决心重返工作岗位，因此选A。 return: come or go back to a place回，返回。]

　　36．答案：D　[结合语境看；Susan突然双目失明，此时的她面对生活的变故，自然是惊魂未定，因此选D, frightened：恐惧的，害怕的，受惊的。此时的她不是感到疲倦(tired)，也不是感到惊讶，吃惊(astonished)。C项depressed“忧愁的，消沉的，沮丧的”不如D项更符合她突然失去光明时茫然与无助的心态。]

　　37．答案：A　[她的丈夫主动陪伴她乘坐公交车上下班。这里用volunteer to do something表示“自愿地或无偿地给予或提供(帮助、建议)等”。attempt to do sth.，试图/企图/尝试做某事，用于过去时往往含有该动作失败的含义；continue to do sth.“继续做某事”不符合语境，因为是妻子出现这样的情况之后Mark才这样做的；struggle表示“挣扎”，不符合语境中对丈夫主动关心妻子的叙述。故选A。]

　　38．答案：C　[从语境的连贯看，这里用until引导时间状语从句表示“直到”。Mark每天早上陪妻子上班，晚上陪妻子下班回家，直到她能独自坐公交车上下班。]

　　39．答案：C　[根据上文，丈夫Mark每天早晚都要陪妻子一起坐公交车(ride the bus with Susan each morning and evening)，因此这里用accompany表示“陪伴，陪同”。其他选项的主要含义：drive开车；direct指导，引导；send派遣。]

　　40．答案：D　[妻子双目失明，此时丈夫就教妻子如何利用其他感官的能力。用sense表示“感官能力”，包括视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。如the five senses五种感官能力；have a keen sense of hearing听觉灵敏。A项意为“情感，感觉”；B项意为“器官”；C项意为“技巧”。]

　　41．答案：B　[结合语境看，本题选B表示“环境”。他教给她如何依靠自己其他的感官能力，特别是她的听觉，以此来判断自己在什么地方，以及如何适应她所在的新环境。position位置，方位，地点；status状态，地位，情形；role“角色”，这三者都不符合语境。]

　　42．答案：A　[她最终决定在双目失明的情况下，不要丈夫陪伴而独自试着去上下班。(all)on one’s own：①alone独自，独自地，单独地，其他选项的含义不符合语境。in person: physically present亲身，亲自，本人；to one’s benefit对某人有利；on foot步行。]

　　43．答案：D　[对Susan来说，作为盲人的她要第一次试着独自出门乘坐公交车，对她来说，这是一个特殊的日子，因此她眼里含着感激的泪水“紧紧地”拥抱丈夫。A项意为“有礼貌地”；B项意为“冷静地”；C项意为“简短地”，都不符合语境。]

　　44．答案：B　[根据语境可知“妻子这次要独自一人乘坐公交车”，因此本题选B，表示“分别，各自”。他们说了一声再见，然后各自去上班。separate: forming unit by itself; existing apart单独存在的，分开的。opposite相反的；fixed固定的；lonely孤独的，均不符合语境。]

　　45．答案：D　[从此，Susan每天都能独自乘车上下班了，她充满了兴奋的感觉。take hold of“抓住，拿住，握住(某人/某物)，这里表示“兴奋的感觉笼罩着她”。]

　　46．答案：A　[有一个星期五的上午，Susan和往常一样坐公交车去上班。as usual与往常一样；as a rule按规定；as well也；as a consequence因此，结果。根据语境选A。]

　　47．答案：B　[从下文这位司机所说的话判断选B，表示“羡慕，嫉妒”。司机说，“这位小姐，我好羡慕你啊。”A项意为“尊敬”；C项意为“知道，认识”；D项意为“支持”，都不符合语境。]

　　48．答案：C　[在下公交车的时候，司机突然说了这样一句话，这让Susan不明白是什么意思，就问司机为什么要这样说。这里用why表示“为什么”。]

　　49．答案：A　[本句的谓语动词使用了现在完成进行时，表示延续到现在的动作，因此这里选A，“在过去的一周里”，用“in/for/during the last/past＋一段时间”表示“在过去的多长时间里”。B项意为“同样的，相同的”，不符合语境；选C项意为“在第一个星期”，选D项意为“在下个星期”，均与主句谓语动词的时态不相符。故选A。]

　　50．答案：C　[她虽然失去了光明，但是丈夫给予她的礼物比她所失去的光明更坚强有力：这是丈夫的爱的礼物，这份礼物能驱赶黑暗，带来光明。]

　　【解决方案与复习指南】

　　正如人们在看某个物件时，如果看不清的话就要站开点，而不是靠近，考生需要跳出当句，前后联系，正确辨析同义或近义词以及常用词汇的辨析。如：

　　【例】 The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals(彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing__50__.

　　What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, __51__revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.

　　When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had__52__several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup(戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber__53__some of the music because the Phantom’s makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.

　　When you revise, you change aspects of your work in__54__to your evolving purpose, or to include__55__ideas or newly discovered information.

　　Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment.__56__， it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to__57__topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However, don’t make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows__58__. Always make time to become your own__59__and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you__60__new ideas.

　　Revising involves__61__the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose__62__throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the__63__that is, facts, opinions, inferences—that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many__64__details that may confuse readers？(2010·上海卷)

　　50．A.technique

　　B．style

　　C．process

　　D．career

　　51．A.in particular

　　B．as a result

　　C．for example

　　D．in other words

　　52．A.undergone

　　B．skipped

　　C．rejected

　　D．replaced

　　53．A.rewrote

　　B．released

　　C．recorded

　　D．reserved

　　54．A.addition

　　B．response

　　C．opposition

　　D．contrast

　　55．A.fixed

　　B．ambitious

　　C．familiar

　　D．fresh

　　56．A.However

　　B．Moreover

　　C．Instead

　　D．Therefore

　　57．A.discuss

　　B．switch

　　C．exhaust

　　D．cover

　　58．A.drafting

　　B．rearranging

　　C．performing

　　D．training

　　59．A.director

　　B．master

　　C．audience

　　D．visitor

　　60．A.personal

　　B．valuable

　　C．basic

　　D．delicate

　　61．A.mixing

　　B．weakening

　　C．maintaining

　　D．assessing

　　62．A.amazing

　　B．bright

　　C．unique

　　D．clear

　　63．A.angles

　　B．evidence

　　C．information

　　D．hints

　　64．A.unnecessary

　　B．uninteresting

　　C．concrete

　　D．final

　　50．答案：C　[本题考查名词辨析，参照下文的“Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”和“However, don’t make the mistake of skipping the revision stage”。名词technique(技术)；style(风格)；career(事业、生涯)都不符题意。]

　　51．答案：D　[本题考查介词短语辨析，前面adding, deleting, replacing, reordering等各种工序，这些都能笼统地被称为“修订(revise)”所以revising和这些名词同义；介词短语in other words表示“换句话说”。介词短语in particular(尤其、特别表强调)；as a result(因此，表结果)；for example(例如，表举例说明)都不符题意。]

　　52．答案：A　[本题考查动词辨析，动词skip(跳远)；reject(拒绝、抵制)；replace(取代)都不符题意。人们观看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品经历了(undergo)多次修改，与上段的“Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”对应。]

　　53．答案：A　[本题考查动词辨析，动词release(释放、赦免、发行)；record(记录、录音)；reserve(保留、预订)都不符题意。动词rewrite表示“重写、修改”，与动词revise同义，与本篇文章话题相关。]

　　54．答案：B　[本题考查介词短语辨析，介词短语in addition to表示“而且；除……之外还有”；in opposition to表示“与……的意见相反”，in contrast to表示“与……形成对比”，都与本题不符。in response to(作为对……的反应)在本句表示“你修改作品是对你想改进作品目的的一种回应”。]

　　55．答案：D　[本题考查形容词辨析，fresh ideas与后面的newly discovered information对应。]

　　56．答案：B　[本题考查副词辨析，副词Moreover(而且)类似于but also，表递进含义，与前面句not just (only)呼应。副词However(然而，表转折关系)；Instead(作为替代、反而，表相反含义)；Therefore(因此，表原因)都不符合题意。]

　　57．答案：B　[本题考查动词辨析，switch topics(变换标题)属于修改作品的一部分。动词discuss(讨论)．exhaust(汲干、使筋疲力尽)．cover(覆盖；包含)都不符题意。]

　　58．答案：D　[本题考查动名词辨析，名词drafting(起草)、rearranging(重新安排)；performing(表演)都与题意不符。名词training(培训)在本句表示“排练”，与上文dress rehearsals/tryouts同义。本题难。]

　　59．答案：C　[本题考查名词辨析，名词audience(观众)，与下句view your dress rehearsal对应。名词director(导演)、master(主人；大师)；visitor(来访者)都与题意不符。]

　　60．答案：B　[本题考查形容词辨析，形容词valuable，表示“做自己作品的观众能给你有价值的新信息”。形容词personal(个人的)；basic(基本的)；delicate(娇贵的；纤弱的；精美的)都与题意不符。]

　　61．答案：A　[本题考查动词辨析，动词mix，在本句表示“修改就是把作品所有方面的有效性和适当性融合在一起”。]

　　62．答案：D　[本题考查形容词辨析，形容词clear，在本句中表示“我的文章大意或写作意图是否清晰”，与下文confuse readers对应。形容词amazing(令人惊讶的)、bright(明亮的、聪明的)、unique(独特的)都与题意不符。]

　　63．答案：C　[本题考查名词辨析，后句名称facts、opinions、 inferences都属于information。]

　　64．答案：A　[本题考查形容词辨析，形容词unnecessary details表示“多余的信息”反而使读者困惑、误导读者。形容词uninteresting(单调的；乏味的)；concrete(具体的)、final(最终的、决定性的)都与题意不符。]