2017届高考英语第一轮单元知识点复习课件11

　　⑥ exist

　　vi. 短语 exist in存在于……中 exist on

　　靠……为生 exist by

　　靠……生存 existence n.

　　存在；生存 in existence

　　存在 come into existence

　　开始存在；成立 bring into existence

　　使产生 ⑥ exist

　　vi. 温馨提示 exist 是不及物动词，不能用于被动，也不能用于进行时态。 exist 还可用于there be 句型中表示“存在有”。类似的还有seem, appear, stand, lie, run, remain, etc. ⑥ exist

　　vi.

　　There appears to be lots of misunderstanding between us.

　　我们之间有很多误会。

　　There once lived two gods who were in charge of Earth and Heaven.

　　曾经有两个神，他们分别掌管地和天。 ⑥ exist

　　vi. 活用

　　单项填空 There, in the small temple, used to _____ a big bell. But now it has gone.

　　A. happen

　　B. come

　　C. exist

　　D. stand 解析

　　在那个小寺庙里，曾经“有”一个大钟，但现在已经不见了。 C ⑦ gentle adj. 根据语境猜词义 (1) Mothers are always gentle with their children.

　　(2) It's very comfortable to let the gentle wind blow on your face.

　　根据语义找匹配 A. 轻轻的，轻柔的 　 B. 温柔的，文雅的

　　A B 链接 gentle-looking adj.

　　看起来彬彬有礼的、看起来很绅士的 gentleman n.

　　绅士，先生 gently adv.

　　温柔地，轻柔地，轻轻地

　　gentleness n.

　　温柔，和善 短语 be gentle with sb.

　　对某人体贴入微 gentle in voice / action

　　声音温柔，举止文雅 ⑦ gentle adj. 活用

　　单项填空 (1) Strolling at the lake, the ______ wind is brushing your face. How romantic!

　　A. mild

　　B. soft

　　C. gentle

　　D. light 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。题意是：信步于湖 畔，清风轻拂着你的脸。多么富有诗情画意啊！ 通过语境体现出是物体运动轻缓的语义，所以答 案是C。 ⑦ gentle adj. C ⑧pull

　　n. & v. 根据语境猜词义 (1) To escape the pull of the earth, a rocket must reach a speed of 28,440 km/h.

　　(2) He pulled the door open and rushed out.

　　根据语义找匹配 A. 拉　 B. 吸引力

　　B A 短语 pull down

　　拆除； (把身体)拖垮 pull off

　　(匆忙地)脱下(衣物); (成功地)完成 pull on

　　(匆忙地)穿上 pull out

　　拔出； 驶出； 摆脱(困难) pull in

　　进站；靠岸 pull away

　　驶离；开走 ⑧pull

　　n. & v. 解析　考查动词短语辨析。 语义是：班车驶进车站，乘客一个个地下来了。drive away开走；push in 是不存在的短语；rush in 冲进，不合题意，所以答案是C。 活用

　　单项填空 (1) The bus ______ the bus station and the passengers got off one after another.

　　A. drove away

　　B. pushed in

　　C. pulled in

　　D. rushed in ⑧pull

　　n. & v. C 解析　考查动词短语辨析。 语义是：勇士匆忙脱下衣服跳进河里救那落水儿童。pull on匆忙穿上；put off 推迟；take off脱下，在语境中不是最佳答案；pull off匆忙脱下，所以答案是D。 (2) The brave man ______ his clothes and jumped into the river to save the drowning boy.

　　A. pulled on

　　B. put off

　　C. took off

　　D. pulled off ⑧pull

　　n. & v. 活用

　　单项填空 D

　　① harmful adj. 根据语境感悟其用法 Fruit juices can be harmful to children's teeth.

　　果汁可能对孩子们的牙齿有害。 链接 harm n. 伤害；损害

　　vt. 伤害……；损害……

　　harmless adj. 无害的；无恶意的 短语 do sb. harm ＝ do harm to sb.

　　对某人有害 be harmful to

　　对……有害

　　① harmful adj. 句型 It does no harm to do sth. /There is no harm (in) doing sth.

　　不妨做某事 It wouldn't do sb. any harm to do sth.

　　做某事对某人并无害处 活用

　　用harm的适当形式填空 (1) Your smoking may be _______(有害) to the health of your baby.

　　(2) The storm has done great _____ (有害) to the crops.

　　(3) The dog seems fierce, but actually he's ________.

　　harmless

　　① harmful adj. harmful harm 根据语境感悟其用法 They have been prevented by the traffic jam from going there on time.

　　他们被交通拥堵所阻碍，以致没有按时到达那里。 ② prevent v.

　　阻碍，阻止 链接 “阻止某人做某事”的几种表达式：

　　ban sb. from doing sth.

　　stop sb. (from) doing sth.

　　keep sb. from doing sth.

　　② prevent v.

　　阻碍，阻止 活用

　　单项填空 (1) We must take firm and efficient measures to prevent pollution ______our life even better.

　　A. to make

　　B. making

　　C. make

　　D. against making ② prevent v.

　　阻碍，阻止 A 解析　考查非谓语动词的使用。本题的语义是：

　　为了使我们的生活更加美好，我们必须采取果断 而卓有成效的措施阻止污染。根据语境非谓语动 词在本句是目的状语，所以答案是A。本题极容 易造成学生们的思维定势而误选B。 活用

　　单项填空 ② prevent v.

　　阻碍，阻止 (2) We'll spare no effort to prevent the river ______.

　　A. from polluting

　　B. polluting

　　C. being polluted

　　D. polluted 解析　考查非谓语动词的使用。本题的语义是： 我们将不遗余力地阻止河流污染。根据语境河流 与污染形成了被动关系，所以答案是C。

　　② prevent v.

　　阻碍，阻止 活用

　　单项填空 C ③violent adj. 猛烈的，凶暴的 根据语境感悟其用法 The violent windstorms are frequently accompanied by rain, snow, or hail.

　　强烈的风暴经常伴随雨、雪或冰雹。 链接 violence n.

　　暴力，暴行 violently adv.

　　猛烈地；剧烈地 短语 a violent wind 　暴风 a violent language

　　激烈的语言 a violent attack

　　猛烈的攻击 violent behaviour

　　暴力行为 ③violent adj. 猛烈的，凶暴的 活用

　　根据汉语意思，完成下列句子 (1)人们非常关注青少年暴力行为。 There is a great concern about ___________among adolescents. (2)狂风将船猛地推向一块巨大的礁石。 ______________dashed the ship against a huge rock. ③violent adj. 猛烈的，凶暴的 答案 (1)the violent behaviour　

　　(2)The violent wind ④ spread v. (spread, spread)

　　展开，传播 根据语境感悟其用法 He called for more measures to be implemented to prevent the spread of the disease.

　　他呼吁采取更多措施以阻止疾病的传播。 短语 spread out a map 　摊开地图 spread news

　　传播消息 ④ spread v. (spread, spread)

　　展开，传播 活用

　　根据汉语意思，完成下列句子 (1)这座城市向北方延伸了10英里。 The city __________ ten miles to the north.(2)苍蝇传播疾病。 Flies _______ diseases. (3)坏消息通常传得快。 Bad news usually _______________. spreads for spread spreads quickly ⑤puzzle n. & v. 根据语境猜词义 (1) It's a puzzle to me why he hasn't come for my birthday party.

　　(2) Can you help me out with the math puzzle? (3) Her word puzzled him.

　　(4) I was puzzled how to handle the situation.

　　答案

　　(1)B 　(2)C 　(3) A 　(4) D 根据语义找匹配 A. 使……迷惑不解　 B. 谜　 C. 难题　 D. 使……为难 ⑤puzzle n. & v. 链接 puzzling adj.

　　令人困惑的；使人感到困惑的 puzzled adj.

　　困惑的；感到困惑的 puzzlement n.

　　困惑，迷惑 ⑤puzzle n. & v. 短语 be in a puzzle about

　　对……大惑不解 work out a puzzle

　　猜谜；解决难题 puzzle over

　　对……冥思苦想 puzzle out

　　(苦苦思索而)搞清楚 puzzle one's brain about / over 对……而大伤脑筋 ⑤puzzle n. & v. 活用

　　用puzzle的正确形式填空

　　The (1) _________ boy (2) _______ his mother,

　　so there was a (3) _______ expression on her face.

　　Much to (4) __________ of his mother, he left home

　　without saying a word.

　　⑤puzzle n. & v. puzzlement　

　　puzzling puzzled puzzled ⑥ exist

　　vi. 根据语境猜词义 (1)Problems also exist in agriculture.

　　(2)Food will not get cheaper under existing conditions.

　　(3)She exists on tea and bread.

　　根据语义找匹配 A. 生存；生活　 B. 现存的；现在的 adj.　 C. 存在；有 C A B