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高考英语备考总复习:BookI Unit16《Scientists at work》知识搜索与探究归纳

发布时间:2017-02-13  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  高考英语备考单元知识搜索与探究归纳

  Unit16 Scientists at work

  自助式复习板块

  知识搜索

  A. 单词

  1.核子的;原子能的(adj.)__________________

  2.不必要的;多余的(adj.)3.电的;导电的(adj.)

  4.成功的(adj.)

  5.锐利的;灵敏的(adj.)

  6.残酷的;令人痛苦的(adj.)

  7.使充电;控告(v.)

  8.证明;证实(v.)

  9.撕扯;撕裂(v.)

  10.控制(v.)

  11.拴紧;使固定(v.)

  12.怀疑(v.)

  13.实施;管理,指挥(v.)

  14.实验;试验(n.)

  15.液体;液态物(n.)

  16.有利条件;优点(n.)

  17.应用;实施(n.)

  18.雷雨;暴雨(n.)

  19.电击;打击(n.)

  20.感官;感觉(n.)

  21.激进主义分子(n.)

  22.结论;结束(n.)1.nuclear 2.unnecessary 3.electric4.successful 5.sharp 6.cruel 7.charge8.prove 9.tear10.control 11.fasten12.doubt 13.conduct 14.experiment 15.liquid 16.advantage 17.application18.thunderstorm19.shock 20.sense21.activist 22. conclusion

  B. 短语

  23.在某人看来

  

  24.把……加上……...________...

  25.利用 26.把……系到……..._______

  27.防止风筝飞走 the _______ _______ _______ _______

  28.以平局结束 a_______

  29.哭泣,掉泪 30.挑选出 31.在……(身上)做实验

  sth.

  32.浪费钱 a 33.违法 34.毫无疑问 35.主管;负责 36.太贵了 37.导电38.用丝绸做的风筝a 39.做实验 an _______

  答案:23.in one’s opinion 24.add,to25.make use of 26.tie/fasten,to27.prevent, kite from flying away 28.end in, tie 29.be in tears 30.pick out31.test on 32.waste of money 33.break the law 34.no doubt 35.in charge of 36.much too expensive 37.conduct

  electricity 38.kite made of silk 39.do/make/conduct/perform, experimentC. 句型

  40.我们要防止这种事情再次发生。

  We should ______such kind of thing _______ ______ again.

  41.这张椅子是由木头做的。

  This chair______ _______ _______ wood.

  42.这个理论最后证明是正确的。

  The theory______ ______ ______ right.

  43.这种纸很好撕。

  This kind of paper______ ______ .

  答案:40. prevent/stop/keep, from happening41. is made of42. proved to be

  43. tears easily

  D. 语法

  44. foot + ball=_______

  45. up + stairs=_______

  46. thunder + storm=_________

  47. hide + and + seek=________

  48. class + room=________

  答案:44.football 45.upstairs 46.thunderstorm 47.hide and seek 48. classroom要点1 close

  【例题】 (经典回放)It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood to her mother.

  A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing

  解析:本句意为:“雨下得很大,小玛丽感到很冷,所以她靠她妈妈很近”。close可以作副词,表示“(距离)近地”“紧密地”;closely意为“紧密地,紧紧地”“认真地”“密切地”,通常不与to连用;closed意为“关闭的”。

  答案:A

  

  (1)close作为形容词,有“靠近”“临近”“接近”等意思,相当于near。具体使用中,close之前多为连系动词,如be, keep, remain, stand等。常以“...close to”短语出现,其中的to为介词。

  His company is close to ours.

  他的公司离我们的很近。

  close作为形容词,还有“亲近的,亲密的”等意思。

  The two countries are close as lips and teeth.

  那两个国家是唇齿相依的邻邦。

  They are close friends.

  他们是好朋友。

  (2)close和closely这类副词称之为同源副词。它们的意义非常接近,不加ly形式既可以是形容词,又可以是副词,其区别在于:凡是带ly的副词常指抽象的,引申的含义。原形形式副词常指本义和具体意义。类似的还有deep, deeply“深地,深深地”;high, highly“高地,高度地”;wide, widely“宽地,广泛地”。

  We speak highly of him.

  我们对他的评价很高。

  The bird is flying high in the sky.

  那只小鸟在天上飞得很高。

  要点3 enough

  【例题】2010上海春,34,some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.

  A. Strangely enough

  B. Enough strangely

  C. Strange enough

  D. Enough strange

  解析:enough修饰形容词、副词通常后置。此处表达“奇怪的是”用副词。

  答案:A

  

  enough修饰形容词或副词时,要放在被修饰词后;当修饰名词时,常放在名词前面。

  careful enough 足够仔细

  well enough 足够好

  enough food 充足的食物

  特别提醒:

  enough不能与no连用,但是能与not连用。

  There is not enough money.钱不够。

  要点3 with

  【例题】2010北京,34I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______.

  A. going on

  B. goes on

  C. went on

  D. to go on

  解析:本题考查现在分词在with复合结构中作补足语的用法。此处表示主动、进行,所以用现在分词。

  答案:A

  

  with复合结构的构成:

  (1)with+宾语+名词

  He died with his daughter yet a school girl.

  他死的时候,他的女儿还是个学生。

  (2)with+宾语+形容词

  He used to sleep with all the windows open.

  他过去常常开着窗子睡觉。

  She lay in bed with her face pale.

  她躺在床上,脸色苍白。

  (3)with+宾语+副词

  The girl fell asleep with the light on.

  那位女孩睡着了,灯还亮着。

  Her mother sat in an armchair with her head down.

  她母亲坐在椅子上,头低着。

  (4)with+宾语+不定式

  I can’t go out with these clothes to wash.

  因为这些衣服要洗,我不能出去。

  I had to go to bed with nothing to do.

  我没有事可做,只好睡觉。

  (5)with+宾语+介词短语

  He sat near the fire with his back to the door.

  他坐在炉子旁,背朝着房门。

  The teacher came in with a book in his hand. 

  老师进来了,手里拿着一本书。

  (6)with+宾语+现在分词

  With the machine helping us, we could finish the work on time.

  由于有机器的帮助,我们能按时完成任务。

  She lives in the room with the light burning.

  她住在亮着灯的那个房间里。

  (7)with+宾语+过去分词

  With everything done, she went home.

  做完一切事情以后,她回家了。

  He lay on his back, with his teeth set and his eyes closed. 

  他仰卧着,咬着牙、闭着眼。

  要点4 allow

  【例题】 They don’t allow in the factory.

  A. smoke

  B. to smoke

  C. smoked

  D. smoking

  解析:本句意为:“他们不允许在工厂里吸烟。”表示“同意做……”用allow doing或allow s.

  to do。

  答案:D

  

  allow与permit都表示“同意”。

  (1)用法相同

  allow/ permit sb.

  to do sth. 允许某人做某事

  allow /permit doing sth. 允许做某事(此时动词只用ing形式)

  反义词forbid具有同样用法。

  (2)意义有异同

  许多情况下可换用,只是词义的强弱上有差异。allow语意较弱,含有“听任”“默许”“不加阻止”的意思;permit语意较强,强调“正式认可”“批准”的意思。

  The nurse allowed him to remain there, though it was not permitted. 

  护士让他留在那里,虽然这是(规定)不允许的。

  要点1 a number of

  【例题】 The number of people we informed one hundred, but a number of them

  _______absent for different

  reasons.

  A. were; was

  B. was; was

  C. was; were

  D. were; were

  解析:本句意为:“我们通知了100人,但是很多人都因不同的原因没有来。”a number of意为“许多”,相当于many,修饰复数名词,a number of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;the number of 意为“……的数目”,用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

  答案:C

  

  表示“很多,许多”还有以下词组:

  (1)修饰可数名词的复数:

  a great/large number of

  a large number of newspapers 大量的报纸

  a great many

  a great many books 大量的书

  quite a few

  quite a few students 许多学生

  many a

  Many a student has known the answer.

  很多学生知道答案了。

  特别提醒:

  a great many后面如果加of,名词前要加the。

  a great many of the books 大量的书

  (2)修饰不可数名词:

  a great deal of

  a great deal of coal 大量的煤

  a large amount of 

  a large amount of water 大量的水

  (3)既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词:

  a lot of

  a large quantity of(谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词)

  large quantities of(谓语动词用复数)

  A large quantity of coal has been burnt.

  已经烧了大量的煤了。

  A large quantity of students have finished reading the book.

  很多学生已经看完了这本书。

  Large quantities of water have been polluted. 

  大量的水已经被污染了。

  plenty of

  I have plenty of time.

  我有很多时间。

  要点2 protect...from...

  【例题】2010上海春,55People first began to wear hats to_______ themselves from the climate.

  A. defend

  B. protect

  C. prevent

  D. hide

  解析:本句意为:“人们一开始戴帽子是为了保护自己不受气候的影响。”protect...from意为“保护……不受……影响”;defend意为“保卫,捍卫”;prevent意为“防止,预防”;hide意为“隐藏,隐瞒”。

  答案:B

  

  protect...from(against)...使(保护)……不受……

  (1)+名词

  We should wear more clothes to protect ourselves from the cold weather.

  我们应该多穿些衣服来御寒。

  (2)+doing sth.

  I wear a hat in summer to protect myself from being burnt.

  我夏天戴帽子是为了防止自己被晒伤。

  特别提醒:

  protect接较大的事情,如:天灾、战争等,一般用against;如果接比较小的事情则通常用from。

  要点1 There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……

  【例题】2010广东,34Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _____a cure for AIDS will be found. 

  A. which

  B. what

  C. that

  D. whether

  解析:本句意为:“一些研究员认为毫无疑问以后艾滋病肯定能治愈。”There is no doubt that...表示“毫无疑问”。

  答案:C

  

  (1)there is no doubt that...表示“毫无疑问”,doubt后跟否定句,用that引导。

  There is no doubt that he is a good student.

  毫无疑问他是一个好学生。

  (2)doubt后跟肯定句,用if/whether引导。

  I doubt if/whether he will come.

  我怀疑他会不会来。

  (3)有关doubt的词组:

  no doubt“肯定地,想必”;without doubt “毫无疑问,一定地”。

  No doubt I have won the game.

  毫无疑问我赢了那场比赛。

  He will recovery soon without doubt.

  他一定会很快恢复的。

  要点2 so...that... 引导状语从句

  【例题】 Liu Xiang did well at Athens Olympic Games______ all China are proud of him.

  A. so; that

  B. as; as

  C. not only; but also

  D. both; and

  解析:so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”,与句意最相符。

  答案:A

  

  (1)so +adj./adv.+ that...表示“如此……以至于”,that可省略;当so和它所修饰的形容词或副词放在句首时,主句倒装。

  The book is so interesting that I want to read it again. =So interesting is the book that I want to read it again.

  这本书是如此有趣,以至于我还想再读一遍。

  There are so many mistakes in your article that I can’t understand the meaning. =So many mistakes are there in your article that I can’t understand the meaning.

  你文章中的错误太多了,以至于我都无法理解其意思。

  (2)在so...that句型中也可以使用名词,结构如下:

  so + few/many+可数名词复数+that

  so + little/much+不可数名词+that

  so +adj.+ a(n)+名词+that=such + a(n)+adj.+名词+that

  It was so cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.=It was such a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.

  天气是如此之冷,以至于河里的冰结得都有两英尺厚了。

  It was such fine weather that the children all went out, playing in the sun.(weather为不可数名词,所以前面不能加a)

  天气很好,孩子们都出去在阳光下玩耍。

  There was so much water in the river that we couldn’t swim across it.

  河水水位太高了,我们游不过去。

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