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高考英语配套教学课件《Unit 1 Laughter is good for you》专题语法攻略(十六) 名词性从句 译林版选修6

发布时间:2017-02-10  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  名词性从句主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、主语从句 1.主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的从

  属连词、连接代词和连接副词如下: who,that,which,what,when,where,how,whether,why,whoever,whichever,whatever等。 What I want to drink is coffee.我想喝的是咖啡。 That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。 When they will come hasn't been made public. 他们来的时间没有公布。 Whatever you want can be found here. 你在这里可以找到任何你想要的东西。

  2.主语从句可以放在句子后面,而用it作形式主语放在

  句首,尤其是从属连词that引导的主语从句常用于此

  种句式中,即:It+be+adj./n.+that­clause。但

  what,whatever,whoever,whichever引导的主语从

  句一般不后置。

  It is possible that I may not be able to come.

  我有可能不能来了。

  It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk.

  很遗憾你错过了如此美好的谈话。 3.whoever,whatever,whichever引导的主语从句 (1)whoever相当于anyone who,表明泛指关系,表示

  “任何……的人都,凡是……的人都”。

  Whoever comes will be welcome.谁来都是受欢迎的。 (2)whatever相当于anything that,表示“无论什么……”。

  Whatever was said here must be kept secret.

  在这里所说的一切都要保密。 (3)whichever意为“无论哪个,无论哪些”。既可指人,也

  可指物;既可单独使用,也可修饰名词,也可以跟of短语

  连用。

  Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others.

  无论我们中哪一个先完成了任务都将帮助其他人。

  Whichever book you choose doesn't matter to me.

  你选哪本书不关我的事。 4.what与that引导主语从句的区别

  what引导主语从句时,表示“所……的(东西)”,并且

  在从句中充当句子成分;而that作为从属连词,引导主

  语从句时,其本身没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,通

  常不可省略。

  What she was afraid of was their taking her daughter

  abroad.

  她害怕的是他们带她女儿出国。

  That he will refuse the offer is unlikely.

  他不可能拒绝这个报价。

  It is reported that three people were killed in the accident.

  据报道,三个人在这次事故中死亡。 二、宾语从句 1.宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的

  从属连词、连接代词和连接副词如下:

  that,what,whether,if,where,when,whatever,

  whoever等。

  We must find out who did all this.

  我们必须查明谁做了这些。

  I'm wondering if the letter is overweight.

  我在想这封信是否超重。

  He walked to where I stood.

  他朝我站的地方走过来。 2.由whatever,whichever,whoever,whosever引导的

  宾语从句

  You may do whatever (anything that) you like.

  你可以做任何你喜欢的事。

  Return the book to whosever (anyone whose) name is

  on it.

  把书还给书上写名字的人。

  I'll read whichever book (any that) I like.

  我将读我喜欢的书。 3.介词后的宾语从句

  Tom is a nice boy,except that he is sometimes late for

  school.

  汤姆是个很棒的男孩,除了有时上学迟到。

  I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.

  我总是在考虑如何提高口语。

  The teacher is pleased with what she has said.

  老师听到她说的话很高兴。 4.形容词后的宾语从句(that可省略)

  I'm afraid (that) I can't accept your invitation.

  恐怕我不能接受你的邀请。

  They're surprised that he has left without saying goodbye.

  他没有说再见就离开了,这让他们很吃惊。 5.非谓语动词后的宾语从句

  Realizing that it was just a difference in the custom,the

  foreigner smiled and said nothing.当外国人意识到这只是

  个习惯上的不同,就笑笑什么也没说。

  On being asked whether he had had any good food in

  Italy,he answered“Terrible”.

  当被问到是否在意大利吃了很多美食时,他回答“很糟”。 6.宾语从句中的形式宾语it

  在“及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中,宾语

  如果是由从句来担任,用形式宾语it来代替它,则通常

  把从句放在宾补的后面,此时,that一般不可省略。

  I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the

  plan.我很清楚,我已下定决心实施这项计划。

  I find it necessary that we should spend more time

  practising spoken English.

  我发现有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。 7.宾语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)desire愿望,demand要求,insist坚决要求,order命令,

  request请求,suggest建议,propose提议、建议等词后的

  宾语从句用虚拟语气。宾语从句的谓语形式:should+动

  词原形,其中should可以省略。

  He insisted that she(should) stay here for another week.

  他坚持认为她应该在这再待一周。

  They suggested that we (should) start at once.

  他们建议我们立即开始。 (2)wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。宾语从句的谓语形式有

  三种情况:

  I wish they would stop fighting.

  我希望他们停止战争。(表示对将来的愿望)

  I wish I were as rich as he.

  我希望能像他一样富有。(表示对现在的愿望)

  He wishes he had tried more things at college.

  他希望他在大学时已经尝试了更多的事情。(表示对过

  去的愿望) 8.宾语从句中that的省略

  that在引导宾语从句时,很多情况下都可省略。但在下列

  情况下一般不可省略:如在动词suggest,learn,

  explain,wonder,prove等后一般不省略。that也常出现

  在convince sb.that;inform sb.that;remind sb.that;tell

  sb.that等之后。在较长的句子里,特别在动词后跟两个或

  两个以上的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,第二个或第三

  个that不可省。

  The man told me (that) how much he was prepared to pay

  for my car and that I could have the money without delay.

  那个人告诉我他准备为我的车付多少钱,并且我可以马上

  拿到钱。 9.宾语从句中的否定转移

  主句谓语动词是:believe,think,imagine,suppose,

  consider,expect等,动词之后的宾语从句,若从句为否

  定意义,通常把否定形式从that从句转移到主句中。

  I don't believe she'll arrive before 7∶00.

  我相信她七点以前不会到达。

  I don't suppose you can help us.

  我想你帮不了我们。 三、表语从句 1.that和what引导的表语从句的区别

  that在引导的表语从句中,充当连词的作用,没有实际

  意义,不作句子成分;what在引导的表语从句中,既充

  当连接代词的作用,又作句子成分。

  Our plan is that we'll go there once a week.

  我们的计划是我们一周去一次。

  That's what he said.那就是他说的话。 2.引导表语从句时,用whether,不能用if

  The question is whether he has signed the contract.(不能

  用if)问题是他是否已经签了合同。 3.reason作主语时,表语从句用that引导,而不用why

  The reason why we don't trust him is that he has often lied.

  我们不信任他的原因是他经常撒谎。 4.由连接副词引导的表语从句

  That is where the great writer used to live.

  那就是那位伟大的作家以前住的地方。

  That is why he didn't pass the exam.

  那就是他没通过考试的原因。

  That was when I was thirty.

  那就是我30岁的时候。

  5.表语从句还可用as,as if/though引导

  Things were not as they seemed.

  事情并不像他们看上去的那样。

  It looks as if it is going to rain.

  看上去好像要下雨了。 [注意] as if引导表语从句时,谓语动词可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it were broken. 当铅笔的一部分在一杯水中时,它看上去像断了。 四、同位语从句 1.同位语从句常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,

  problem,information,belief,thought,doubt等名词的

  后面,是对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的

  具体含义

  The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.

  他恢复的希望还没有破灭。

  The problem whether we should continue to do the

  experiment has been solved.(if不能代替whether来引导同位

  语从句)我们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决了。

  I have no idea when he will come back.

  我不知道他将何时回来。 2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别

  同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释或补充说

  明,引导词只起引导作用,在句中不作任何成分,一般不

  可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制,引导词

  在句中作一定的句子成分。

  The news that they had won the game soon spread over the

  whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学

  校。(此句为同位语从句,进一步解释“the news”的内容)

  The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.

  你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句,

  它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”) 五、whether与if在名词性从句中的用法区别 1.引导主语从句时

  whether引导的主语从句可放在句首,也可放在后面,但

  if引导的主语从句一般放在后面。

  Whether I'll go there is not decided.

  =It is not decided whether/if I'll go there.

  我是否去那还没决定。 2.引导宾语从句时

  whether与if引导动词的宾语从句时,大多数情况下可换

  用。但作介词宾语时,通常用whether;后面直接跟不

  定式时,通常用whether;在与or not连用时,也通常用

  whether。

  It all depends on whether they will support us.

  这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。

  He doesn't know whether to stay or not.

  他不知道是否要留下。

  He wants to know whether or not we want dinner.

  他想知道我们是否想吃饭。(也可说:He wants to know

  if/whether we want any dinner or not.)

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