高考英语同步练习《Unit 3 Back to the past》专题语法攻略 （九） 动词的时态和语态 译林版必修3

　　(微型高考，自主评估，建议用时：60分钟)

　　.单项填空

　　1.The heavy stormthe bridge，made it impossible to get across the river.

　　A.destroyed；that　B.was destroyed；which

　　C.damaged；as

　　D.destroyed；which

　　解析：destroy“破坏，摧毁”，表示对物体进行完全的毁坏；damage指对物体局部损伤。第二空为非限制性定语从句的引导词。

　　答案：D

　　2.I greeted the teacher with“hello”，and the teacher gave me a sweet smile.

　　A.by turns

　　B.in return

　　C.by return

　　D.at return

　　解析：by turns“轮流”；in return“作为回报，作为交换”；by return“(接信后)立即回复”。

　　答案：B

　　3.The flight attendant welcomed us the plane.

　　A.abroad

　　B.aboard

　　C.board

　　D.broad

　　解析：考查单词辨析。句意：乘务员欢迎我们登机。abroad“去国外”；broad“广阔的，宽阔的”，故可排除。而C项board作动词时，表示“上船(飞机，火车等)”，作名词时，表示“木板，甲板”等；aboard介词，“上/登(船、飞机等)”。

　　答案：B

　　4.The moment the 29th Olympic Games open， the whole world cheered.

　　A.declared

　　B.have been declared

　　C.have declared

　　D.were declared

　　解析：考查declare的时态和语态。the moment引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。根据主句的时态可确定从句中用过去时。declare为及物动词，“宣布，宣告”，与the 29th Olympic Games为动宾关系，故declare用被动语态。

　　答案：D

　　5.It's said that he will his uncle's business when he is mature enough to deal with public relations.

　　A.take over

　　B.think over

　　C.hand over

　　D.go over

　　解析：考查动词词组辨析。句意：据说当他能独立处理公共关系时，他会接管叔叔的企业。take over“接管”；think over“仔细考虑”；hand over“把(权力或责任)移交给(某人)”；go over“复习，温习”。根据句意选A。

　　答案：A

　　6.The representatives were discussing the 11th five­year­plan that they would like tosee the next year.

　　A.carry out

　　B.carrying out

　　C.carried out

　　D.to carry out

　　解析：词组carry out和the 11th five­year­plan之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词结构表示被动。

　　答案：C

　　7.The black and white TV set bought in 1980 is still .

　　A.in use

　　B.out of use

　　C.come into use

　　D.make use of

　　解析：句意：这台1980年买的黑白电视机还在使用。in use“在使用中”。

　　答案：A

　　8.China's Youth's Day， a celebration evening took place on our campus. It was a success.

　　A.In place of

　　B.In hopes of

　　C.Instead of

　　D.In memory of

　　解析：句意：为了纪念中国青年节，我们学校举行了一次庆祝晚会，结果很成功。in memory of“为纪念……”，符合句意。in place of“代替”；in hopes of“希望”；instead of“代替，而不是”。

　　答案：D

　　9.It would have made a lot of if you told me this two days earlier.

　　A.effect

　　B.result

　　C.influence

　　D.difference

　　解析：句意：如果你早两天告诉我这件事，会有很大的不同。make a difference“有影响，起作用，促成改变”，由句意可知选D。

　　答案：D

　　10.Not only us what had happened in the accident， but they also told us what they had done.

　　A.did they tell

　　B.they told

　　C.they tell

　　D.had they told

　　解析：not only...but also...连接两个分句，且not only置于句首时，句子要倒装，由此可以排除B、C；根据题意可知，应用一般过去时，即表示过去的一件事，所以正确答案是A。

　　答案：A

　　11.Nowadays some parents are about their children's health， for their children have to do so much homework every day.

　　A.happy

　　B.satisfied

　　C.concerned

　　D.curious

　　解析：be concerned about“关心，担忧”。

　　答案：C

　　12.The city wasn't prevented by sand although people took a lot of measures.

　　A.to be buried

　　B.being buried

　　C.burying

　　D.from being buried

　　解析：prevent...from...在被动语态结构中，from 不得省略；根据语境可知应该使用v.­ing形式的被动式。

　　答案：D

　　13.The fire before the firefighters arrived.

　　A.has been put out

　　B.had been put out

　　C.was put out

　　D.had put out

　　解析：考查时态和语态。put out这个动作发生在arrived之前，故应用过去完成时态，表示“过去的过去”。同时主语the fire和put out存在被动关系，故用被动语态。

　　答案：B

　　14. of the land in that district covered with green trees and grass.

　　A.Two­fifth；are

　　B.Two­fifth；is

　　C.Two­fifths；are

　　D.Two­fifths；is

　　解析：当分数的分子大于1的时候，分母序数词后加s；“分数或百分数＋of＋名词” 作主语时，根据名词的单复数来确定谓语的单复数。

　　答案：D

　　15.(2009·青岛一检)—When will you be through with your work？

　　—？ My boss usually finds something for me to do at the last minute.

　　A.Who knows

　　B.Would you help me

　　C.I beg your pardon

　　D.Anything the matter

　　解析：该题考查交际用语。be through with意为“完成”。句意：“你什么时候能完成工作？”“谁知道呢？我老板总是在最后时刻给我安排一些事情”。

　　答案：A

　　.完形填空

　　In some cities， workaholism(废寝忘食工作)is so common that people don't consider it unusual. They accept the lifestyle as 　1　. Government workers in Washington， D. C. ，　2　， frequently work sixty to seventy hours a week. They don't do this because they have to； they do it because they 　3　 to. Workaholism can be a(n) 　4　problem. Because true workaholics would rather work than do anything else， they　5　have no idea of how to relax， that is， they might not 　6　 movies， sports， or other types of entertainment. Most of all， they 　7　 to sit and do nothing. The lives of workaholics are usually stressful， and this tension and worry can cause 　8　 problems such as heart attacks and stomach diseases. 　9　， typical workaholics don't pay much attention to their families. Their marriages may end in 　10　 as they spend little time with their families.

　　Is workaholism 　11　 dangerous？ Perhaps not. There are， certainly， people who work

　　　12　 under stress. Some studies show that many workaholics have great energy and interest in work. They feel 　13　 is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy. For most workaholics， work and entertainment are the same thing. Their jobs 　14　 them with a challenge； this keeps them busy and creative.

　　　15　 do workaholics enjoy their jobs so much？ There are several 　16　 to work. Of course， it provides people with paychecks， and this is important. But it offers 　17　 financial security. It provides people with self­confidence； they have a feeling of satisfaction 　18　 they have produced a challenging piece of work and are able to say “I 　19　 it”. Psychologists claim that their work gives people an identity(自身价值). After they take part in work， they 　20　 a sense of self and individualism.

　　1.A.strange

　　B.boring

　　C.pleasant

　　D.normal

　　解析：废寝忘食工作这种现象是如此的普遍，以至于人们认为这种工作方式是正常的。

　　答案：D

　　2.A.for example

　　B.on the other hand

　　C.what's more

　　D.after all

　　解析：本句是为对第一句话进行论证而举的例子。

　　答案：A

　　3.A.agree

　　B.promise

　　C.dare

　　D.want

　　解析：联系上下文意思可知，废寝忘食工作者没有其它的兴趣爱好，而他们又宁愿工作而不愿无所事事。因此，本句句意为：他们忘我的工作，不是因为他们确实没有其他办法，而是因为他们愿意。

　　答案：D

　　4.A.slight

　　B.serious

　　C.obvious

　　D.difficult

　　解析：下文所举的例子表明废寝忘食的工作，可能导致身体上严重的疾病或家庭的破裂。因此可知，这种工作方式有时候会导致很严重的问题。

　　答案：B

　　5.A.still

　　B.probably

　　C.certainly

　　D.mostly

　　解析：根据下一句所进行的解释中might可知答案。

　　答案：B

　　6.A.afford

　　B.enjoy

　　C.watch

　　D.allow

　　解析：横线上所缺的是谓语动词，根据后面的宾语和上下文的解释可得知答案。

　　答案：B

　　7.A.dream

　　B.decide

　　C.intend

　　D.hate

　　解析：根据上文的解释，废寝忘食的工作者宁愿工作也不愿无所事事可得知答案。hate doing/to do“不喜欢做某事”。

　　答案：D

　　8.A.physical

　　B.cultural

　　C.social

　　D.mental

　　解析：下文列举的疾病都是指身体方面的问题。

　　答案：A

　　9.A.Therefore

　　B.However

　　C.Anyway

　　D.Besides

　　解析：前文所列举的是因废寝忘食的工作导致身体方面的疾病，下文所列举的是因为废寝忘食的工作而导致的家庭方面的问题，这两者之间应是并列递进关系。

　　答案：D

　　10.A.happiness

　　B.silence

　　C.failure

　　D.surprise

　　解析：根据空格后面as所引导的原因状语从句和上一句的解释可得知答案。

　　答案：C

　　11.A.sometimes

　　B.always

　　C.seldom

　　D.hardly

　　解析：上文所列举的例子都是因为废寝忘食工作而引起的不良影响，而下文所举的例子都是一些积极的作用。根据这一点可知，此句既是对上一句的反问，又起承上启下的作用。

　　答案：B

　　12.A.sadly

　　B.differently

　　C.efficiently

　　D.slowly

　　解析：sadly“伤心地”；differently“不同地”；slowly“慢慢地”；efficiently“有效率地”。根据下文意思 “工作狂”在工作的时候感到精力充沛，兴趣盎然可得知答案。

　　答案：C

　　13.A.study

　　B.family

　　C.life

　　D.work

　　解析：根据前后句的解释可得知答案。

　　答案：D

　　14.A.equip

　　B.pack

　　C.provide

　　D.fill

　　解析：根据上文的解释可知，只有工作才能使他们精力旺盛，因为这给他们提供了一个挑战的机会。再者，根据18空后面也可得知答案。provide sb. with sth.“向某人提供某物”。

　　答案：C

　　15.A.When

　　B.Why

　　C.How

　　D.Where

　　解析：上文主要阐述的是，很多人喜欢废寝忘食工作，以及因其所产生的影响，而下文则是解释为什么废寝忘食工作者这么喜欢工作。

　　答案：B

　　16.A.factors

　　B.advantages

　　C.steps

　　D.ways

　　解析：下文所列举的都是废寝忘食工作所带来的积极影响。

　　答案：B

　　17.A.no more

　　B.more or less

　　C.no more than

　　D.more than

　　解析：根据上下文意思可知，废寝忘食工作不仅能为这些工作者提供资金，而且还能给他们自信。no more“不再……”；more or less“或多或少”；no more than“仅仅”；more than“多于”。

　　答案：D

　　18.A.when

　　B.before

　　C.unless

　　D.until

　　解析：本句为一个时间状语从句。当工作能给他们提供一个挑战的机会，而且最后他们能说“我成功了”的时候，他们会有一种满足感。

　　答案：A

　　19.A.valued

　　B.failed

　　C.caught

　　D.made

　　解析：本题考查固定词组的搭配。make it“成功”。

　　答案：D

　　20.A.give

　　B.lose

　　C.get

　　D.need

　　解析：本句是对本段大意所进行的总结。根据上下文可知，在工作之后，他们能体会到自我成功的价值。

　　答案：C

　　.阅读理解

　　A

　　When you enter a crowded room or go on a picnic or to a party，who is the most attractive and appealing person？It is the person who is cheerful，has a smiling face and behaves as if he or she is enjoying every moment of the event！Such people have an optimistic opinion on life.They are the ones with a positive attitude.On the other hand，let's see that fellow in the corner with a long face.He is most probably thinking about the time and money wasted in having fun.He is a pessimist，one with a negative attitude.

　　A person with a positive attitude gets on well with the job at hand.He doesn't worry about what's gone before or what might happen in the future.If there is a problem，he quickly thinks of ways to solve it.If the problem cannot be solved singly，he seeks help from somone else.He doesn't feel that it's beneath his dignity to seek assistance.

　　When Sonal lost her history notes days before an important examination，she sat down and cried.Then she pulled herself together，borrowed a friend's notes，worked day and night and managed to copy down whatever she had lost.Sonal passed the exam with flying colors.

　　It's just not possible，even for the greatest optimist，to smile all the time and feel good all day.Everyone has a period of blues now and then，when everything seems sad and without cheer.But once you develop a positive attitude，once you realize that life is a series of ups and downs，dark clouds and bright sunshine，in no time at all，you're bounced back，ready to welcome the world again with open arms and a huge smile！So from this moment on，keep your face to the sunshine and you'll never see the shadows.

　　1.What might be the best title of the passage？

　　A.To live with an aim in life

　　B.To be a pessimist or optimist

　　C.Life is full of ups and downs

　　D.Develop the positive attitude

　　解析：本文主要描述人要以积极乐观的态度对待生活，那样生活就会充满阳光，所以D项是正确答案。

　　答案：D

　　2.The case of Sonal suggested that.

　　A.a person can solve the problem once he thinks of a way

　　B.Sonal made up for what she had lost by working day and night

　　C.Sonal was a pessimist because she lost her history notes

　　D.the history notes that she lost was not important for her

　　解析：Sonal遇到困难后积极想办法，借朋友的笔记抄录她丢失的东西，终于通过考试，这说明了想办法才能解决问题。

　　答案：A

　　3.The underlined phrase“bounced back”in the last paragraph means.

　　A.moved back and forth

　　B.jumped up

　　C.returned to active state

　　D.came back

　　解析：根据上下文，如果你积极地对待生活，即使遇到挫折，你也会很快克服，返回到你积极的状态中。

　　答案：C

　　4.According to the last paragraph，which of the following statements is TRUE？

　　A.If you always look at the shadows，you will be in high spirits.

　　B.It is impossible for a person to be in a good mood all the time.

　　C.A negative attitude will make you welcome life with a big smile.

　　D.When someone feels sad，he thinks the world comes to an end.

　　解析：根据最后一段的第一和第二句可知B项为正确答案。

　　答案：B

　　B

　　I began to work as a salesgirl in a department store.I got there that morning and was introduced

　　to all the salesmen and saleswomen.Throughout the day，one of the salesmen talked with me.I thought we might become friends.That evening after work we went out for dinner.We sat together and talked，but our numbers were never exchanged.

　　Around 10 p.m. I began my 2­hour drive back.For the first part of the drive I was thinking to myself how stupid I had been for not giving him my number.Then all of a sudden，when I had gone around a corner I was completely over in another lane.There was no time to even hit brakes.I hit at once.The police came and cut the top of my car off to get me out.They sent me to the hospital quickly.

　　My mother got there late that night，and saw me lying in the emergency room.The next morning，mum called the manager and told him what had happened and that I would be in the hospital for a long time.A few hours later，I received a phone call—it was the guy I hadn't given my number.Well，he came to visit me that night and the next night.We spent a lot of time together.

　　It was months before I would be walking and driving again，but he'd sit by me.I don't think I could have pulled through it without him.Now I can walk freely，and just this week we are planning on getting married one year after the day we met.It's just amazing how a tragedy like a car accident could bring about such a wonderful relationship！

　　5.The car accident happened because .

　　A.the girl drank a lot before driving

　　B.it was so dark that the girl couldn't see very clearly

　　C.another car appeared on the girl's lane suddenly

　　D.the girl didn't drive with great care

　　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，在驱车回家途中，“我”一直在责备自己没有把电话号码留给那名男售货员。第三到五句说，突然“我”驶入另外一个车道，甚至没有时间踩刹车，就撞车了。所以事故发生的原因是“我”开车时注意力不集中，故选D。

　　答案：D

　　6.We can infer that the girl .

　　A.couldn't say anything at hospital

　　B.would lose her job in the store

　　C.was badly injured in the accident

　　D.was careless with making friends

　　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句话，第三段前两句及最后一段第一句可知，“我”的伤势非常严重。

　　答案：C

　　7.The guy got the news that the girl was in hospital possibly from .

　　A.the manager

　　B.the girl's mother

　　C.the doctor

　　D.the girl herself

　　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三两句话可知：在“我”受伤住院的第二天，妈妈打电话给经理说明情况，几小时以后，那个男售货员就给“我”打来了电话，所以他可能是从经理那里得知“我”住院的情况的。

　　答案：A

　　8.The girl thought that .

　　A.a traffic accident might bring good luck

　　B.it was the car accident that brought about their marriage

　　C.a true friend is one who helps you in need

　　D.there was true love and friendship in the world

　　解析：推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知，在“我”住院治疗期间那个男售货员始终陪伴、照顾“我”，相识一年后“我们”即将结婚，故作者认为正是这场车祸使她遇到了真爱。

　　答案：B

　　C

　　In people's minds，Beijing women are taller，bold，and uninhibited，while Shanghai women are smaller in figure，and always speak in a soft voice.The image(形象)of Beijing women is usually bigger than Shanghai women's.However，it turns out to be just the other way round after I have worked in Beijing for some time.

　　Everybody goes Dutch in Shanghai；even at a grand party，but in Beijing it's usually the men's treat.And it is also impossible to invite a female friend who already has a boyfriend or a young married woman out，even if you promise to see her home that night.

　　The conditions of the men in Beijing are no better at all.All their cellphones will ring one after another at 12 o'clock sharp at night.The voice on the other end is usually loud enough for anyone nearby to hear.“Where have you been？ Do you remember that you've got a home？ Now who's with you？”and these three sentences are usually the main parts of the call.

　　Shanghai women could never understand this.If it's a Shanghai woman who shouts in the phone，the Shanghai man on the other end must think that she is crazy (or drunk，perhaps).The Shanghainese go Dutch in life，and they appreciate the independence in both economic and love affairs.

　　Many of my friend girls in Shanghai are office ladies with very high income.The tiredness of life cannot kill their pride in saying：“I don't depend on any men.”Thus no men can command them，for example，to force them to come back home before 10 pm.Beijingers do not admire the Shanghai way of life，anyhow.How can a couple be addressed as“a couple”when they don't know where the other has been last night？ They wondered.

　　9. The underlined word“uninhibited”in Paragraph One probably means .

　　A.relaxed enough to do as they like

　　B.very cautious about their behavior

　　C.always doing what they are told to

　　D.not having courage or confidence

　　解析：由文章第一段得知。

　　答案：A

　　10.By mentioning men paying bills for women in Beijing，the writer wants to show that .

　　A.Beijing women are respected

　　B.Beijing women lack independence

　　C.Beijing men are generous

　　D.Beijing men possess gentle manners

　　解析：由文章第二段得知。

　　答案：B

　　11.The conditions of Beijing men are no better because they .

　　A.often stay out late at night

　　B.have women call them at midnight

　　C.are treated the same as Shanghai men

　　D.enjoy no more freedom than the women

　　解析：由文章第三段的几个疑问句可推知。

　　答案：D

　　12.Shanghai women could never understand why .

　　A.Beijing women behave like that

　　B.Beijing men behave like that

　　C.Shanghai men think so differently

　　D.Shanghai women don't copy Beijing women

　　解析：由文章第四段得知。

　　答案：A

　　.任务型阅读/任务型读写

　　阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。

　　注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

　　We are going to describe one way to build a rooftop garden that does not even require soil.Four things are needed for a small rooftop garden.One thing is a flat roof that can support the weight.Another is grass cutting.The third thing is a sheet of plastic in which to spread the cut grass.And the last thing is a box about eight centimeters deep and made out of four pieces of wood.

　　Once you are sure the roof is good，cut and collect some grass.Then lay down the plastic where the garden box will go.The foursided box can be as long and as wide as needed.Place the box on top of the sheet of plastic.Then fill it with the cut grass.Next，add water and walk on the cuttings to press them down.

　　After about three weeks，the rooftop garden is ready for planting.Put the seeds directly into the wet grass cuttings.This garden is a good place to grow peas，tomatoes，beans，onions and lettuce.If the box is deep enough，potatoes and carrots will also grow.

　　It is important to keep the grass wet until the plants begin to grow.When the plants are growing，they will need watering every day，unless there is rain.And they will need some liquid fertilizer.Also，seeds and new plants must be protected from insects and birds.

　　Rooftop gardens are increasingly popular，and not just to grow vegetables.They keep buildings cooler in the sun，so they save energy.They can also extend the useful life of a roof.Rooftop gardens also reduce the runoff of storm water and help clean the air.Plus they add beauty，and give birds and insects in the city a nice place to live.

　　The building of a rooftop vegetable garden

　　things needed (1)requirements

　　a roof to (2)　

　　the weight (3)　and

　　strong enough

　　grass cuttings to be used as

　　(4)to be

　　pressed down

　　a sheet of plastic to (5)　 possible leaks(渗漏) on which to

　　(6)　 the

　　cut grass

　　a (7) box to hold the

　　cut grass made of 4 pieces of wood

　　seeds for vegetables to be protected from(8)　

　　and birds

　　(9)　

　　and fertilizer to make vegetables grow better supplied

　　frequently and

　　(10)　

　　答案：1.aims/purposes　2.support　3.flat　4.soil　5.prevent　6.spread　7.wooden　8.insects　9.water　10.properly/correctly