高考英语配套教学课件《Unit 2 Growing pains》专题语法攻略 （二）冠词 译林版必修1

　　Ⅰ.不定冠词的用法

　　1 指一类人或事物，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2 第一次提及某人或某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you. 3 表示“每一”，相当于every one We study eight hours a day. 4 表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰 I only want a small supper because of cold. 5 在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再次”“又一个” She invited him to come to the party a second time. 6 有些物质名词以及抽象名词具体化时，可用不定冠词 What a pity that I missed the party！ 7 不定冠词可用于“a most＋adj.＋n.”结构，这时“most”相当于“very” is a most beautiful coastal city and I'll come for a second time. 8 用于“a＋比较级＋名词”结构，与否定词连用时，表示“从来没有比这更……”，具有最高级意义 I have never spent a more worrying day. 9 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 A Mr.Smith came to visit you when you were out. 10 用于某些固定词组中 a couple of，a bit，once upon a time，in a hurry Ⅱ.定冠词的用法

　　1 表示某一类人或物 The horse is a useful animal. 2 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door？ 3 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 the universe，the moon，the Pacific Ocean 4 用于乐器前面 play the violin，play the guitar 5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the rich，the living，the wounded 6 表示 “一家人”或 “夫妇” the Greens，the Wangs 7 用于序数词和形容词、副词比较级和最高级前 He is the taller of the two children. 8 用于某些国家、党派等以及江河湖海、山川群岛的名词前 the United States，the Communist Party of China，the French 9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in . 10 在逢十的复数年份之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990's 11 用于表示单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour. 12 用于方位名词、身体部位名词以及表示时间的词组前 He patted me on the shoulder. Ⅲ.零冠词的用法

　　1 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前 Beijing University，Jack，China，love，air 2 名词前有this，my，whose，some，no，each，every等限制 I want this book，not that one./Whose purse is this？ 3 季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前 March，Sunday，spring， National Day 4 表示职位、身份、头衔的名词前 was made President of . 5 学科、语言、球类、棋类名词前 He likes playing football/chess. 6 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train，by air，by land 7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife，knife and fork，day and night 8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals. 9 在turn(变成)后作表语的名词前 He has turned doctor. 10 在as，though引导的倒装分句中，名词前不用冠词 Child as Tom is，you can't fool him.