高中英语 语法精讲（Unit 17　Great women）人教版

　　语法精讲Subject-Verb Agreement and Collective Nouns主谓一致和集合名词

　　考查主谓一致的几大热点：

　　1.主语+with/together with/as well as/besides/except/but/like/unlike/rather than/including等+名词或代词时，谓语动词的数应与前面的主语保持一致。

　　The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.

　　To find friendship offer friendship.以友谊换友谊。

　　2.动词不定式、动名词及名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。但 what引导的主语从句有时用复数动词，这时其含义常可从表语中看出。

　　When and where to build the hospital is not decided.

　　What we want are books.

　　3.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also等连接并列主语时，常采用就近原则，即动词与最靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

　　Not only you but also I am a teacher.

　　Are either you or he a student?

　　Here comes a teacher and several students.

　　There are some books and a pen on the table.

　　4.在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句的先行词应为介词of后面的复数名词，因此从句的谓语动词应为复数；而在“the only one/every one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句的先行词是the only one/every one,定语从句中的谓语动词通常用单数形式。

　　He is the only one of the students who lives in the school.

　　He is one of the students who live in the school.

　　5.sheep,means等单复数同形的名词作主语时，根据具体情况，谓语动词选用单数或复数。

　　Every possible means has been used to prevent the pollution,but the sky is still not clear.

　　All possible means have been tried to...

　　6.family,team,group,class等集合名词作主语时，强调整体时用单数谓语动词，强调成员时用复数动词。

　　When I got home,the whole family are watching TV.

　　当我到家的时候，全家人都在看电视。

　　7.people,police,cattle,clothes,folk等表示“总称”的名词作主语时，表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数。

　　The police are running after the thief.

　　8.分数、百分数作主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词一致。而the rest,some,any,most等应与其指代的内容相符。

　　Some of the students are cleaning the windows,while the rest are sweeping the floor.

　　9.all指人时，谓语动词用复数；指物时，谓语动词用单数。

　　All were silent.大家一言不发。

　　All was silent.万籁俱寂。

　　10.用and连接的两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子作主语时，一般用复数动词。但当表示单一概念时，要用单数动词；两个单数名词前有every,each,no,many a等词修饰时，要用单数动词。如:

　　No teacher and no student is going.

　　11.many a(许多)和more than one(不止一个)等作定语，修饰作主语的单数可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Many a student has been tired by his long speech.

　　12.表示“总量”或“总和”的时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如强调具体的数量，则要用复数动词。如：

　　Twenty years is a long time.

　　20年是一段很长的时间。

　　Twenty years have passed since his father died.

　　自他父亲去世以来已经有20年了。

　　13.抽象名词、学科名词、专有名词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数。

　　The United States was founded in 1776.

　　The Olympic Games are held every four years.

　　14.“the+形容词”表示“一类人”时谓语动词用复数；表示“一种抽象概念和品质”时谓语动词用单数。

　　The wounded are taken good care of in the hospital.

　　伤员们在这家医院得到了很好的照顾。

　　The beautiful is not always the useful.

　　好看的不一定总是有用的。

　　【考例1】2006辽宁高考，27The father as well as his three children ________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.

　　A.is goingB.go

　　C.goesD.are going

　　解析：这个句子的主语是the father，所以其谓语动词要用单数形式。再根据时间状语every Sunday afternoon in winter可判断出要用一般现在时，表示经常性的动作。as well as his children在句子中作状语，不作主语。

　　答案：C

　　【考例2】(2006安徽高考，30 ) Most of what has been said about the Smiths________ also true of the Johnsons.

　　A.are

　　B.is

　　C.being

　　D.to be

　　解析：what has been said about the Smiths是主语从句，表示单数，most的单复数由of后的成分决定，所以这个句子的主语是单数。being和to be都是动词be的非谓语形式，所以都不能作为答案。

　　答案：B

　　【考例3】________ either you or the headmaster to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting?

　　A.Is

　　B.Are

　　C.Does

　　D.Do

　　解析：either...or...连接并列主语，谓语动词就近，故应选择are,构成be to do结构，表示将来。答案：B

　　【考例4】 He is the only one of the students who________ a winner of scholarship for three years.

　　A.is

　　B.are

　　C.have been

　　D.has been

　　解析：引导词作主语时，从句的谓语动词应与先行词一致，由句子的意义可知，先行词为the only one。

　　答案：D

　　【考例5】 My family________ small,but my family________ all model workers.

　　A.is;are

　　B.are;is

　　C.was;are

　　D.were;is

　　解析：句意为“我家庭很小，但家人都是模范工作者”。第一个family表示“家庭”，第二个family表示“家庭成员”。

　　答案：A

　　【考例6】(2006浙江高考，7)The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird________ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.

　　A.isB.are

　　C.was　D.were

　　解析：本题考查主谓一致及动词的时态，当分数、百分数作主语时，要根据其后面的名词来决定其谓语动词的单复数。此处onethird应是onethird of the notebook computers,因此谓语动词用复数，且句子的时态用了过去时，所以D项正确。

　　答案：D

　　【考例7】(2006江苏高考，34) A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.

　　A.isB.areC.was　D.were

　　解析：此题考查主谓一致的用法。由时间状语“tomorrow afternoon”判断，此处应用现在进行时表将来，故排除C、D两项。“a poet and artist”指一位诗人兼画家，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。

　　答案：A

　　【考例8】My maths ________ all right.What ________ me most is English.

　　A.are;worried

　　B.seem;worrying

　　C.is;worries

　　D.seems;worry

　　解析：由句子结构可知，两个空都应为谓语动词。maths,what作主语，谓语动词都应用单数且两句话应时态一致。

　　答案：C

　　【考例9】The wounded __________ after.

　　A.is well looked

　　B.has been well looked

　　C.are good looked

　　D.have been well looked

　　解析：the wounded“伤员”，表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数。

　　答案：D