语法精讲 前缀与后缀
在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀,变成一个新的词,这种构词法叫派生。词缀有前缀和后缀两种,加在单词前的叫前缀,加在后面的叫后缀。
1.前缀
常见的前缀有:
Auto自己的,独自的:automobile
Bi双,两个:bicycle,bilingual(双语的)
Dis(表否定)不,无:dislike;disable
En,em-使成为:enable;encourage;embody
Ex前任的,以前的:exwife(前妻)expresident(前任总统)
Extra额外的:extraordinary(非凡的)
extramarital(婚姻外的)
in-,il-,im,ir,不,非:incomplete;
illegal(非法的);immoral;irregular
inter间,相互:international;interaction;
mis误:misunderstand;misbehave;misplace
over太多,太过:overtime;overwork;overdo
re重新,再:repeat;rewrite;reuse
sub在……的下面,次于,低于:subway,
subsoil,subtitle, subnormal
tele远距离:telephone;television
under在……以下:underground
2.名词后缀
-an/-ian 人:American,Italian, musician
tion/-sion动作,状态:determination
ency/ence(抽象名词):dependence;frequency
-ee动作承受者或受影响者:employee(受雇者),refugee(难民)
-eer人:engineer,volunteer
er/-or(人或物):fighter,actor,cooker
ess 女性actress;waitress
-ism主义,……教:communism,socialism
ist 主义者,从事某专业的人:socialist,
typist, archaeologist
ment 表行为,结果,状态,物件,机构等:argument,instrument
ship表状态,身份:friendship,leadership,
scholarship, relationship
ty 表状态,性质:plenty, difficulty, anxiety
ure 表结果,行为,状态及实物:pressure,picture,pleasure
3.形容词后缀
-able/-ible能够:unforgetable,responsible,
edible,accessible
al……的:natural,cultural,national,professional
an/-ian人,地方的:Russian,American
en由……制成的:woolen,wooden
ern表方向:northern,southern
ful充满……的,有……性质的:careful,beautiful,useful
ic/-ical 关于……的,有……性质,属于……的:economic,electrical,political
ish似……的,关于……国家(民族,语言):selfish,childish,British,foolish
ive有……性质的,有……倾向的:
attractive,talkative,impressive
less 无,不:careless,useless
ly像……的,有……性质的:friendly,weekly,manly
ous充满……的:hervous,dangerous,poisonous
-wards 问……:downwards, backwards
y 充满……的,有……性质的:rainy,snowy,cloucly,noisy,clusty.
4.动词后缀
-en 使成为:fasten,sharpen,shorten
fy 使……化:satisfy,simplify
ie/-ise使……变成:modernize,realize;
industrialize
5.副词后缀
-ly……地:carefully,quickly, highly
ward(s)向……地:forward, upwards,
downwards
【考例1】I ______the present he bought me.
A.dislike
B.unlike
C.inlike
D.mislike
解析:like的否定前缀是dis-。
答案:A
【考例2】Children should be encouraged to be
thinkers.
A.independent
B.undependent
C.dispendent
D.misdependent
解析:dependent 的否定前缀为in。
答案:A
【考例3】It set me thinking on the probable effect of my .
A.disappearance
B.unappearance
C.offappearance
D.ilappearance
解析:appearance 的否定前缀为dis。
答案:A
【考例4】He was a scientist of reputation.
A.internationed
B.nation
C.imnational
D.international
解析:reputation 为名词,因此需要一形容词作它的定语。nation的形容词后缀为al;前缀inter表示互相之间。句意为“他是一个享有国际声誉的科学家。”
答案:D
【考例5】The was fired by the boss for his being absence.
A.employ
B.employee
C.employer
D.employment
解析:employ v.雇佣;employee
n. 雇员;employer n. 雇主;employment n. 雇佣。句意为“因为旷工,那位雇员被老板解雇了”。
答案:B
【考例6】The black people were against slavery and fought for their bravely.
A.free
B.freely
C.freedom
D.freeway
解析:形容词性物主代词的后面应使用名词。free的名词形式为freedom。
答案:C
【考例7】 Think of your family’s when you drive.
A.safety
B.save
C.safe
D.safely
解析:safety
n., save v.,safe adj.,safely adv.。
答案:A
【考例8】He went to bed and fell at once.
A.sleepy
B.sleeping
C.asleep
D.sleep
解析:固定表达:fall asleep 入睡,睡着。
答案:C
【考例9】The spokesman never gave a answer to any question of the reporters.
A.direction
B.direct
C.director
D.directly
解析:direction
n.方向,指导;direct adj. 直接的,v.导演,指导;director n.导演;directly adv.直接地。名词前应使用形容词。
答案:B
【考例10】 In Brazil, to play football is the greatest dream among the poor in the cities.
A.profession
B.professional
C.professionally
D.professor
解析:profession n.职业;professional adj.专业的;professionally adv.专业地;professor n.教授。professional football 职业篮球。
答案:B
【考例11】 Everyone is expected to lead an
life according to rules laid down by the government.
A.to order
B.order
C.disorder
D.orderly
解析:由句子结构可知,此处应填形容词。orderly 虽以ly结尾,但为形容词。
答案:D
【考例12】I can’t tell one from the other because they are only different.
A.slight
B.slighter
C.slightly
D.slightest
解析:修饰形容词应使用副词。
答案:C
Protecting ourselves课件3
七年级英语下册单元知识点调研测试49
七年级英语下册月清检测试题
Fit for life课件2
People on the move课件3
People on the move课件7
七年级英语下册期中检测试题4
七年级英语下册第一次月考试题15
七年级英语下册期中检测试题10
七年级英语下册期中检测试题6
七年级英语下册6月月考试题
People on the move课件2
七年级英语下册第一次月考试题14
七年级英语下册单元知识点调研测试54
七年级英语下册单元知识点调研测试52
Protecting ourselves课件8
七年级英语下册期中调研检测试题10
七年级英语下册单元知识点调研测试50
七年级英语下册单元知识点调研测试48
People on the move课件6
七年级英语下册期中检测试题7
七年级英语下册期中检测试题8
Putting on a play课件1
People on the move课件1
七年级英语下册第一次月考试题8
Fit for life课件3
七年级英语下册期中调研检测试题11
People on the move课件4
七年级英语下册期中检测试题9
七年级英语下册第一次月考试题7
| 不限 |
| 英语教案 |
| 英语课件 |
| 英语试题 |
| 不限 |
| 不限 |
| 上册 |
| 下册 |
| 不限 |