高考英语二轮复习精品课件：专题八 第2讲议论性质文体（大纲版湖北专用）

　　短文写作

　　第2讲

　　议论性质文体

　　总体而言，议论性质文体是湖北近几年来高考写作的主流形式之一。它针对现实生活的种种问题，运用逻辑思维，通过说理和列举事例，阐明人们或作者的观点、主张和见解。此文体的命题形式多样，话题广泛。如何写好此类书面表达，必须弄清两方面的问题：篇章结构及特定的语言表达方式。

　　1. 议论性质短文写作命题特点从形式上来看主要分两种：

　　①“一分为二”的观点阐述型，即A说，B说；或A说，B说，C说模式。

　　如2004年高考湖北卷书面表达“学习英语要不要从儿童时期开始”, 根据提示有两种不同意见。再如2006年高考陕西卷写作题“讨论假期计划”, 除阐明两种不同看法外还要求陈述自己的看法。

　　②“我认为······ ” 的自我观点阐述型。

　　如2005年高考湖北卷书面表达“回国工作征求意见”，及2008年高考四川卷书面表达“ What Can I Do for Our Environment?”等。

　　2. 议论性质书面表达通常都是“三段式或四段式”。

　　①“一分为二” 的观点阐述型(如2004年湖北卷)，常用的篇章结构为：

　　段1陈述人们对“主题”的观点;

　　段2陈述不同的观点（注意：可分成两段阐述，也可只写一段）;

　　段3阐明自己的观点或进行总结。

　　②“我认为······” 的自我观点阐述型(如2005年湖北卷)，常用的篇章结构为：

　　第一段提出论点，对个人观点进行概述；

　　第二段具体分析自己的观点；

　　第三段概括自己的观点。

　　1. 开头：

　　开头句根据要求要写得漂亮一点，要用一些好的套用语。开头句既要好，要切中主题，又要精彩，忌省略更忌啰嗦。

　　高考议论性质的书面表达有其特定的语言表达方式，如何开头，如何展开话题陈述及如何结尾均有其一定的规律。

　　1. 开头： 常见开头用语： ① There is much discussion nowadays as to whether or not··· There are different opinions among people on/as to···Some people suggest that··· ② Different students have different ideas on···Their opinions fall into two groups as follows.

　　③ Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether ··· Opinions are divided on the question. ④ Recently a survey has been done to find out… ⑤ A recent study shows that nearly 50 percent of school kids··· ⑥ People’s opinions/ views about···vary from person to person.

　　2. 话题展开及过渡： 常用的过渡词： 举例: for example, for instance, take ··· for example, such as, like， and so on，so on and so forth等。

　　说明: that’s to say，in other words，namely等。

　　因果: so，for，therefore，as a result，as a consequence, consequently, thus，because，because of ，thanks to ··· ， owing to ··· ，due to 等。

　　递进: then，besides，in addition, furthermore，moreover, what’s more等。 顺序: firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally; in the first/second/ Third ···place, last; to begin with, then, finally；to start with, next, in addition, finally；first and foremost, besides, last but not least; most important of all, moreover, finally等。

　　任何一篇文章都离不开篇章纽带的起承转合，尤其是高考英语书面表达。因此，话题展开的关键和作文的出彩在于过渡词(transitional words)运用得恰到好处。

　　2. 话题展开及过渡： 常用的过渡词： 转折: nevertheless, however, although, though, but，on the contrary， after all, oppositely等。

　　总结: in short, in a word, in general, generally speaking, finally， at last， as far as I know， in brief， briefly speaking, in the end, as a matter of fact, in reality, in fact, on the whole, in conclusion, therefore等。

　　强调: really, indeed， certainly， surely， for sure, above all等。 对比: in the same way， just as， in common with, compared with, on the one hand ··· on the other hand, for one thing ··· for another， similarly等。

　　平行: and， both ··· and ··· ， as well as， as well， neither ··· nor ··· ， either ··· or ··· ， not only ··· but also ···等。

　　3. 观点陈述： 常用套用语: A. 赞成: ① It is commonly (generally/widely/universally) thought (believed /agreed/accepted/held) that ··· ② Some people hold the view (belief/idea/opinion) that ··· ③ I think it wise/suitable /necessary /better/fit to do ··· ④ 70% of the people who were surveyed are in favor of ··· ⑤ Those who favor the idea think ··· ⑥ The majority of people believe that ··· 先提出观点作为主题句, 再用具体的材料来论证说明该主题。

　　3. 观点陈述： 常用套用语: B. 说明原因： ① The main reason (why they ··· ) is that ··· / is based on ··· ② ···, because ··· /because of ···, not only in terms of ··· but also in terms of ···

　　③ These people point out the fact that ··· ④ These people say that ··· ⑤ It seems that many people are under the impression that ···

　　3. 观点陈述： 常用套用语: C. 反对： ① More ···(around ···), however, insist that main consideration should be given to ···, for they argue that ···

　　② However, those who are against the idea think /believe that··· ③ While others think ··· ④ People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.

　　⑤ Nevertheless/On the contrary, some people disapprove of it. ⑥ But the others disagree with them.

　　3. 观点陈述： 常用套用语: D. 发表个人意见： ① As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter/ former opinion. ② I fully agree with the statement that ··· because ··· ③ In my opinion/view, the reasons are as follows. First ··· Second ··· Last but not the least ··· ④ Personally, I share these people’s points of view.

　　⑤ Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ··· ⑥ Personally, I disagree with the point of view for the following reasons. 4. 结尾：

　　结尾一般是全文对其主题的归纳，要运用联想、对比等方法进行“适当的发挥”，以求能总结全文，简洁扣题。好结尾能给阅卷老师留有一个很好、很完整的印象，能使全文增色。结尾可以是一段，也可以是一句或几句话。 4. 结尾： 常用结束语： ① In short, ··· have not arrived at any agreement yet.

　　② As everyone knows, every coin has two sides. It is difficult to say whether it is good or not, as it depends very much on the situation of ··· However, from a personal point of view, I find ···

　　③ From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that ··· ④ With the development of society, it’s urgent and necessary to ···

　　⑤ If we can not take useful measures, we can not control this trend, and some undesirable results may come up unexpectedly, so what we should do is ···