2017届高考英语一轮复习语法考点讲练：第十一专题

　　知识盘点 真题探究 ?

　　1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法,找出先行词,确定关系词在定语从句中的作用,正确选出关系词。 2. 将定语从句与强调句型、同位语从句以及状语从句融合在一起进行考查,既考查句式结构的辨析能力,又考查关系词与其他连词的区分运用能力。 3. 介词+关系代词结构的准确选择和运用。 4. 定语从句中的特殊应用和规定,尤其是where引导的定语从句。 考点1　关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词who代指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom代指 知识盘点 真题探究 人,在定语从句中作动词或介词的宾语;which代指物,作主语或宾语;that代指人或物,作主语、宾语或表语。 This is the detective who came from London. 这就是那位来自伦敦的侦探。 The book (that / which) I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy. 我正在看的这本书是托马斯·哈代所写。 This is the room (that / which) Shakespeare was born in. 这就是莎士比亚出生的房间。 注:先行词在定语从句中作表语时,不管先行词是指人还是指物,引导 知识盘点 真题探究 词都要用关系代词that,但在非限制性定语从句中要改用which。 He??s changed a lot. He??s not the man that he was. 他变化很大,已经不是过去的他了。 This is not an easy question that you think it to be. 这个问题不是像你认为的那么容易。 He has become a doctor, which he wanted to be. 他成为了一名医生,这是他以前一直梦想的。 考点2　关系代词which引导的定语从句还可修饰前面整个主句,此时which相当于and this 知识盘点 真题探究 He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他赢得了本次比赛,这令他父母很高兴。 The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天气最后晴朗起来,这是我们没有料到的。 He was educated at a local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge University. 他在当地的一所文法学校就读之后上了剑桥大学。 考点3　介词+关系代词 “介词+关系代词”可以引导定语从句,但关系代词只可用 知识盘点 真题探究 whom或which,不可用who或that。介词的选择应遵循以下三个原则: 1.看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 The goal for which he had fought all his life no longer seemed impor-tant to him.(fight for) 2.看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very fa-miliar.(be familiar with) 3.根据先行词判断,所用的介词要与先行词搭配 The rate at which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.(at a

　　知识盘点 真题探究 rate) 4.根据语境选择 By nine o??clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, above which appeared a rare rainbow soon.(rain-bow只能用appear above Mount Qomolangma) 考点4　关系代词whose引导定语从句 whose引导定语从句时,在定语从句中作定语,即先行词的所有格,修饰物时可换成“the + n. + of which”或“of which + the + n.”;修饰人时可换成“the + n. + of whom”。 知识盘点 真题探究 He lives in a house whose window (the window of which / of which the window) faces the south. 他住在一座窗户朝南的房子里。 This is the scientist whose name (the name of whom) is known all over the country. 这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 考点5　as引导的定语从句 as有“正如;就像”之意,在非限制性定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,从句可放在主句的前面、后面或插入主句中间,一般用逗号与主句隔开;但which引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。 知识盘点 真题探究 As had been expected, the England team won the football match. 正如所预料的那样,英格兰队赢得了本次球赛的胜利。 The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn??t expected. 这次实验的结果很好,这是我们原来没有料到的。 As is often the case (with...)“(对……来说)那是常有的事;通常就是这样”,现已成为习语。 He quarreled with his wife, as was often the case.他和妻子吵架了,这已屡见不鲜。 考点6　as引导的定语从句与it作形式主语的主语从句和what引导的 知识盘点 真题探究 主语从句的区别 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once ev-ery month. What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. 我们大家都知道,月球每月绕地球运转一周。 考点7　such...as...与such...that...的区别 知识盘点 真题探究 such...as...中的as 引导的是定语从句,而such...that...中的that引导的是状语从句。当as引导定语从句时,as一般在定语从句中作主语或宾语,也就是说,as后面的句子是不完整的。而that引导结果状语从句时,that在从句中不作任何成分,即从句是完整的句子。 This is such a difficult problem as all of us can??t work out. (从句中的work out缺少宾语,as是关系代词,用作work out的宾语) This is such a difficult problem that all of us can??t work it out. (从句是完整的,that只起引导从句的作用,在从句中不作成分) 考点8　关系副词的意义和作用 知识盘点 真题探究 关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句,在从句中分别表示时间、地点、原因,充当时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。关系副词常可换成“介词+关系代词”:when可换成on / in / by which等,where可换成at / in / for which等,why可换成for which。 I still remember the day when (on which) we first met. The village where (in which) he was born has now taken a new look. Tell me the reason why (for which) you missed the flight. 考点9　关系副词和关系代词的区别 判断定语从句用什么引导词的关键是看先行词在从句中作什 知识盘点 真题探究 么成分。当先行词在定语从句中作状语时,引导词要用关系副词;当先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时,引导词要用关系代词;当先行词在定语从句中作定语时,引导词要用关系代词whose。 第一组: I will never forget the factory where I worked last summer vacation. (where:地点状语) I will never forget the factory which I visited last summer vacation. (which:宾语) 第二组: 知识盘点 真题探究 I will never forget the days when I lived in the countryside. (when:时间状语) I will never forget the days which I spent in the countryside. (which:宾语) 第三组: Is this the reason why he was absent from the meeting? (why:原因状语) Is this the reason which he explained at the meeting for his being absent from the meeting? (which:宾语) 知识盘点 真题探究 考点10　表示抽象范围的名词后边的定语从句 一些表示,如situation, point, case, stage, scene等后也可接where引导的定语从句;抽象名词occasion后接when引导的定语从句。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each oth-er. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 I understand the situation where a person lacks money. 我明白一个人缺钱时的境况。 I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel because of ill health. 我记得他因为健康不佳而被迫取消的情况绝无仅有。 知识盘点 真题探究 考点11　from where, since when引导的定语从句 有时仅用where, when不能把意思表达清楚,还需要在他们的前面加上适当的介词。 Tom hid himself behind the door, from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly. 汤姆躲在门后,从那里他能够清楚地听到妈妈的脚步声。 He left college in 1988, since when he has been working in a bank. 他1988年大学毕业,从此以后一直在一家银行工作。 考点12　way后面的定语从句 知识盘点 真题探究 way后面的定语从句不能用how引导,如way在从句中作状语,应用in which或that引导,甚至还可省略引导词;如作主语或宾语,应用that或which引导。 I don??t like the way (in which / that) he talks. The way that / which he thought of to solve the problem might be help-ful. 考点13　先行词与定语从句的隔离 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但有时为了平衡句子结构,也会出现先行词与定语从句的隔离现象。 知识盘点 真题探究 The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village. 考点14　定语从句中的主谓一致问题 如果关系代词在定语从句中作主语,谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。在“one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中,复数名词是先行词,引导词在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词要用复数;而在“the (only) one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中, 先行词是the (only) one,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have been to Beijing.他是去过北京的学 知识盘点 真题探究 生之一。 He is the only one of the student who has been to Beijing. 他是唯一一个去过北京的学生。 考点15　定语从句与并列句的识别 定语从句与主句之间要用“逗号”分隔,并且不能加入and, but, so等连词。并列句一般有and, but, so等连词连接,或中间用“分号”分隔。 第一组: I advised him to give up smoking, which, however, didn??t help.(定语 知识盘点 真题探究 从句) I advised him to give up smoking, but it didn??t help.(并列句) 第二组: He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of which hadn??t been cleaned for at least a year.(定语从句) He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, and most of them hadn??t been cleaned for at least a year.(并列句) He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows; most of them hadn??t been cleaned for at least a year.(并列句) 知识盘点 真题探究 ?

　　1.(2011全国新课标) The prize will go to the writer 　???? story shows the most imagination. A.that　 B.which 　C.whose 　D.what 【答案与解析】C　本题考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。句意:此项奖将颁发给其作品最具有想象力的作家。先行词为the writer,代入定语从句后为:The writer??s story shows the most imagination。由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作story的定语,故用关系代词whose。 知识盘点 真题探究 2.(2011全国Ⅱ) Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, 　???? is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A.this B.that C.what D.which 【答案与解析】D　本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意:Ted来度周末时只穿着短裤和一件T恤衫,这种天气穿这样的衣服有点傻。从句子结构分析看,句子之间是逗号,且没有并列连词或从属连词,由此可知“　???? is a stupid thing to do in such weather”为非限制性定语从句。 which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,并指代前面句子的内容。A、C两项不能引导定语从句。B项不能引导非限制性定语从句。 知识盘点 真题探究 3.(2011天津) The days are gone 　???? physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A.when B.that C.where D.which 【答案与解析】A　本题考查对关系代词和关系副词的区别。句意:体力是谋生的唯一所需的时代一去不复返了。先行词为the days,将其代入定语从句后为:On the days physical strength was all you needed to make a living。由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作时间状语,故用when引导。本题先行词与定语从句隔开,构成了“分割性定语从句”,增加了试题难度。 知识盘点 真题探究 4.(2011浙江) English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of 　???? uses it somewhat differently. A.which B.what C.them D.those 【答案与解析】A　本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意:英语是一种为几种不同文化所共有的语言,每种文化使用英语多少有些不同。先行词为cultures,将其代入定语从句后为:Each of the culture uses it somewhat differently。由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故答案为A项。what不能引导定语从句,故排除;如选C项,须在each前加并列连词and。 知识盘点 真题探究 5.(2011浙江) Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ???????? a life span of around 20 years.

　　A.having B.had C.have D.to have 【答案与解析】A　本题考查非谓语动词。句意:真想不到,蝙蝠竟是长寿生物,有些蝙蝠的寿命长达20年。结合语意和句子结构可知此处为独立主格结构,having的逻辑主语是前面的some。如果在some后加上of which,就成了非限制性定语从句,应该选have。 知识盘点 真题探究