高考英语阅读理解专项训练：医学类（附详解）

　　高考英语阅读理解专项训练——医学类

　　（1）

　　    Northern Europeans spend a lot of time in their cold and cloudy winters planning their summer holidays. They are proud of their healthy color when they return home after the holiday. But they also know that a certain amount of sunshine is good for their bodies and general health. In ancient Greece people knew about the healing（治疗） powers of the sun, but this knowledge was lost. At the end of the nineteenth century a Danish doctor, Niels Finsen, began to study the effect of sunlight on certain diseases, especially diseases of the skin. He was interested not only in natural sunlight but also in artificially （人造地） produced rays. Sunlight began to play a more important part in curing sick people. A Swiss doctor, Auguste Rollier, made full use of the sun in his hospital at Lysine. Lysine is a small village high up in the Alps. The position is important： the rays of the sun with the greatest healing power are the infra-red （红外线的） and ultra-violet （紫外线的） rays； but ultra-violet rays are too easily lost in fog and the polluted air near industrial towns. Dr. Roller found that sunlight, fresh air and good food cure a great many diseases. He was particularly successful in curing certain forms of tuberculosis with his "sun-cure". There were a large number of children in Dr. Roller's hospital. He decided to start a school where sick children could be cured and at the same time continue to learn. It was not long before his school was full. In winter, wearing only shorts, socks and boots, the children put on their skis after breakfast and left the hospital. They carried small desks and chairs as well as their school books. Their teacher led them over the snow until they reached a slope which faced the sun and was free from cold winds. There they set out their desks and chairs, and school began. Although they wore hardly any clothes, Roller's pupils were very seldom cold. That was because their bodies were full of energy which they got from the sun. But the doctor knew that sunshine can also be dangerous. If, for example, tuberculosis is attacking the lungs, unwise sunbathing may do great harm. Today there is not just one school in the sun. There are several in Switzerland, and since Switzerland is not the only country which has the right conditions, there are similar schools in other places.

　　1. According to the passage, when did sunlight begin to play a more important part in the treatment of disease？

　　A. From ancient times.   

　　B. At the end of the nineteenth century.

　　C. Not until this century.  

　　D. Only very recently.

　　2. Why are a Danish doctor and a Swiss doctor mentioned in the second and third paragraphs？

　　A. Because they both made use of sunlight to treat illness.

　　B. Because they were the first people who used sunlight for treatment.

　　C. Because they were both famous European doctors.

　　D. Because they used sunlight in very different ways.

　　3. Dr Roller set up a "sun-cure" school probably for the reason that _______.

　　A. most children could stay in his hospital

　　B. children could study while being treated

　　C. the school was expected to be full of pupils

　　D. the school was high up in the mountains

　　4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage？

　　A. "Sun-cure" schools are becoming popular everywhere.

　　B. Switzerland is the only country where "sun-cure" schools are popular.

　　C. Proper conditions are necessary for the running of a "sun-cure" school.

　　D. "Sun-cure" schools are found in countries where there is a lot of sunshine.

　　【答案解析】

　　本文介绍了利用日光治病的历史与发展。

　　1. B.细节题。根据文章第 2 段第 2 句 At the end of the nineteenth century a Danish doctor, Niels Finsen, began to study the effect of sunlight on certain diseases… 可推知此题答案为 B.

　　2. A.推断题。根据文章第二、三段可推知此题答案为 A.

　　3. B.推断题。根据文章第 4 段第 2 句 …where sick children could be cured and at the same time continue to learn 可推知此题答案为 B.

　　4. C.推断题。根据文章最后一句 Switzerland is not the only country which has the right conditions… 可推知此题答案为 C.

　　（2）

　　    The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues（疫病） that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy（谬误） of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses（病毒） passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes. During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches（战壕）, cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp（奥斯维辛集中营）, naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose. If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter？Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on. No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors（止痛片） such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms（症状）。

　　1. The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.

　　A. 4   B. 5   C. 6   D. 3

　　2. Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage？

　　A. The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.

　　B. Colds are not caused by cold.

　　C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.

　　D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.

　　3. Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.

　　A. they are working in the isolated arctic regions

　　B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather

　　C. they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions

　　D. they are coming into touch again with the outside world

　　4. Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.

　　A. suffered a lot牋牋牋

　　B. never caught colds

　　Ceat. often caught colds    

　　D. became very strong

　　5. The passage mainly discusses _______.

　　A. the experiments on the common cold

　　B. the fallacy about the common cold

　　C. the reason and the way people catch colds

　　D. the continued spread of common colds

　　【答案解析】

　　本文通过大量事例证明感冒不是由寒冷引起的, 而是由病毒感染引起的。

　　1. B.细节题。根据由第 2 段的两个例子、第 3 段的 1 个例子和第 4 段的两个例子可知 B 为正确选项。

　　2. C.细节题。 根据 One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on 可知人们得感冒不是因为喜欢呆在家里，而是因为经常呆在一起病毒更容易感染，故选 C.

　　3. D.细节题。根据 And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes 可知北极地区探险者是因为与外界接触后才得感冒的，故选 D.

　　4. A.细节题。根据 After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion 可知志愿者要遭受极大的痛苦，故选 A. 5. C.主旨题。阅读全文可知本文首先用大量事例从不同的侧面分析感冒不是由寒冷引起的，最后提出冬天得感冒的可能原因。由此可知 C 为正确答案。