高考英语语法专项训练：第15讲-特殊句式

　　(6)as, though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为

　　表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。 [2009·重庆]Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. Try as he would, he might fail again. 4．________， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.(2011·济南模拟)

　　A．Strange as might it sound

　　B．As it might sound strange

　　C．As strange it might sound

　　D．Strange as it might sound

　　答案：D 特殊句式----省略 1.

　　在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as, if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。 [2010·浙江]The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out

　　regularly, can improve our health. Get up early tomorrow，if not (you don't get up early)，you will miss the first bus. 明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。

　　if it is carried out

　　　_______ we move the couch over there. Don’t you think the room will look larger?

　　A. What about

　　B. What if

　　C. How far

　　D. How come

　　答案：B 解析：What if在这里相当于是What will the room look like if we move the couch的省略句。what about 后面要用动名词；how come怎么会。 返回目录 2．I‘m afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。 —Do you think it will rain? —I hope not (that it will not rain)．

　　—Do you believe our team will win?

　　—I guess so.

　　1．It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________， we'd better take it to the garage immediately.(2011·江苏高考) A．Otherwise

　　B．If not

　　C．But for that

　　D．If so

　　so代替前面句子中提到的情况。 答案：D 3．不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。 (1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid， glad，happy，expect，forget，hope，intend，like， love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边。 I asked him to see the film，but he didn't want to. 我请他去看电影，但他不想去。 —Will you join in the game? —I'd be glad to. ——你愿意加入做游戏吗？ ——我很高兴加入。 (2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be， have和have been。 —Are you a sailor? —No，but I used to be. ——你是海员吗？ ——不，但我过去是。 2．—Hi, are you an engineer in Lenovo Group? —No, but I ________.(2011联考) A．want to

　　B．want to be C．want so

　　D．want it 解析：考查省略。当不定式后有be时，be不可省略。 答案：B 3.　—Don’t forget to post the letter for me on your way.

　　—______.

　　A. I don’t

　　B. I won’t

　　C. I can’t

　　D. I haven’t

　　答案：B 解析：对祈使句的回答用will/won’t,因为祈使句讲的是对将来的期望和要求，如:Be nice while you are here, will/won’t you? 在这里的时候乖一点好吗？ 返回目录 Thank you! * * * * * * * * * * * * 1．强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 It is only children who make such stupid mistakes. 只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。 强调句型 1.(2009江西，27)It was _____ he came back from Africa that year _________ he met the girl he would like to marry.

　　when; then

　　B. not; until

　　C. not until; that

　　D. only; when

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】本题考查的是强调句型。根据It is ……that 结构可知。

　　返回目录 2.(2009浙江卷，4)——I’ve read another book this week. ——Well, maybe

　　is not how much you read but what you read that counts. A. .this

　　B. that

　　C. there

　　D. it

　　【答案】D 【解析】考查强调句型的用法。把“

　　is”和句中的that省略后，该句话依旧成立，由此可知该题是强调句型的结构，所以答案只能是it。如果不能准确区分句子结构是该题出错的主要原因。

　　返回目录 3.（2009浙江卷，7）－I’ve read another book this week. －Well, maybe _____ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. A. This B. that C. there

　　D. it

　　【答案】 D　 【解析】句中“ not how much you read but what you read” 足以做动词count 的主语，所有选D 使之构成强调句型。 【考点定位】本题考查强调句型和名词性从句。 返回目录 It is what you do rather than what you say ________ matters. A. that

　　B. what

　　C. which

　　D. this

　　　 在例子中强调了主语从句what you do rather than what you say，难点还在于每个句子都包含着两个分句，并且由rather than引出。 答案：A　

　　还原为：What you do matters, not what you say matters。

　　返回目录 考点1、强调部分从短语向句子过渡。

　　强调句的否定句形式为：It is / was not + 被强调部分+ that / who ...

　　强调句的一般疑问句形式为：Is / Was it +被强调部分+ that / who ...?

　　强调句的特殊疑问句形式为：疑问词 + is / was it + that / who ...?

　　返回目录 考点2、 强调句从肯定句向否定句、 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句过渡。 （2）—________ that he managed to get the information?

　　—Oh, a friend of his helped him.

　　A. Where was it

　　B. What was it

　　C. How was it

　　D. Why was it

　　答案：C

　　（1）. Was it in 1969________the American astronaut succeeded ________ landing on the moon?

　　A. when; on

　　B. that; on

　　C. when; in

　　D. that; in

　　答案：D　 返回目录 David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature ________ he chose the course. A. that

　　B. what

　　C. why

　　D. how

　　此句的强调句型出现在宾语从句中，考生须熟练掌握句子结构才能分辨出强调句型来。答案为A。

　　返回目录 考点3、从考查单一的强调句到把强调句置 于从句中，增加判断句子的难度。

　　考查强调句与非强调句的辨别 1. 设置陷阱，使考生将强调句误判为非强调句。如： It might have been John ______ bought a present for Mary yesterday. A. that

　　B. when

　　C. what

　　D. which

　　【解析】答案选A，为强调句型，由于句中动词be采用了might have been这一复杂结构，所以许多同学们可能会看不出它是一个强调句型。 返回目录 考点4、干扰因素增多，增加了与其它相似句型的辨析， 尤其是it开头的句子。

　　2. 设置陷阱，使考生将非强调句误判为强调句。如： It was evening ______ we reached the little town of Winchester. A. that

　　B. until

　　C. since

　　D. before 【解析】答案选D。有的考生一看到句首的it was，再联系到选项中的that，就以为这是考查强调句。其实错了。此题是考查连词before的用法。 返回目录 特殊句式----倒装 1.(2010高考英语重庆卷,33)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies

　　C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie

　　【答案】A 【解析】考查倒装。表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A项。 返回目录 2.(2010高考英语四川卷,9)We laugh at jokes，but seldom ______

　　about how they work． A．we think

　　B．think we

　　C．we do think

　　D．do we think 【答案】D 【解析】考查倒装。seldom为否定副词放句首，所属句子用部分倒装，故选D。句意为“我们因笑话而笑，但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。”

　　返回目录 3.(2010上海春, 37)Never______

　　Lisa would arrive but she turned up at the last minute.

　　A．did we think

　　B．have we thought

　　C．we thought

　　D．we have thought 【答案】A 【解析】考查倒装结构。当否定词never，not，hardly，seldom等放在句首的时候，所属句子要部分倒装，根据语意可知，应用一般过去时，因此选A项。

　　返回目录 4.(2010高考英语陕西卷,17)John opened the door. There ______

　　he had never seen before.

　　A. a girl did stand

　　B. a girl stood

　　C. did a girl stand

　　D. stood a girl

　　【答案】D 【解析】考查倒装。表示存在关系的句子，将表地点的副词或介词短语提至句首时，若主语为名词，应采用完全倒装语序。此题中将表地点的副词there提到了句首，而且主语为名词a girl，所以要采用完全倒装语序，所以选D项。

　　返回目录 5.(2010江西卷, 33)Not until he left his home ______

　　to know how important the family was for him.

　　A did he begin

　　B had he begun

　　C he began

　　D he had begun

　　【解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到离开家，他才开始意识到这个家对他来说是何等的重要。：not until引导的从句置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。主从句的动作基本同时发生，故用一般过去时。

　　返回目录 1.完全倒装 (1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now， then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on

　　the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 [2010·陕西]John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.

　　约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。

　　—What's all that noise?

　　—Just in front of the bus ________ an injured man, all

　　covered with blood.(2011·南京一模)

　　A．where lies

　　B．lies

　　C．does lie

　　D．lying is 答案：B [注意]　上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。 Away they went. 他们走了。 (2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为

　　“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。 Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. Gone are the days when we were poor. 2．部分倒装 (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。

　　[2011·湖南]Only after they had discussed the

　　matter for several hours did they reach a decision.

　　答案：D 1．Only when he reached the tea­house _______it was the same place he'd been in last year. (2011·新课标全国卷)

　　A．he realized　B．he did realize

　　C．realized he

　　D．did he realize (2)否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom， scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on

　　no condition等置于句首时。

　　[2010·四川]We laugh at jokes, but seldom we think about how they work.

　　[2010·江西]Not until he left his home he began to know how important the family was for him.

　　did he begin

　　do we 请改错！ 3．—It's nice. Never before________ such a special drink!

　　—I'm glad you like it.(2011·福建高考)

　　A．I have had

　　B．I had

　　C．have I had

　　D．had I 故选C项。 答案：C

　　(3)hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。

　　Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.

　　他一听到这个消息就哭了。

　　[2009·全国卷Ⅰ]The computer was used in teaching.

　　As a result，not only was teachers' energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons.

　　(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor

　　＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语...。

　　Since my return to China, I haven't seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her.

　　自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。

　　[注意]　so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。

　　—It is too hot.

　　—So it is.

　　——天太热了。

　　——是啊，的确很热。 4.　—Mary had a wonderful time at the party.

　　—_______, and so did I.

　　A. So she had 

　　B. So had she

　　C. So she did

　　D. So did she

　　答案：C 解析：So she did 是省略加强调。原句应该是She did have a wonderful time.她的确玩得很开心。

　　返回目录 2．Jane won't join us for dinner tonight and _____.(2011·全 国卷Ⅱ)

　　A．neither won't Tom

　　B．Tom won't either

　　C．Tom will too

　　D．so will Tom 答案：B (5)在so...that...和such...that...句式中，如果so或such引导的 部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word. Such great progress did he make that he was praised.

　　语法专项训练---十五 1.

　　本专题内容知识性强，主要涉及语言形式。五年高

　　考考查的热点为倒装句和强调句，占本专题试题总

　　量的52%。 2．对倒装句的考查主要从以下几个方面入手： (1)含有否定意味的词置于句首时，部分倒装； (2)only位于句首时(主语前除外)，部分倒装； (3)so/such...that句型中，so/such位于句首时，so/such

　　后的主句倒装，that从句不倒装。 3．对主谓一致的考查重点是： (1)主语＋as well as/together with＋名词/代词； (2)not only...but(also)．..，neither...nor...，either...or... 连接两个主语。 4．强调句型的考查重点是： (1)强调句型的疑问句形式； (2)对not until 的强调。 特殊句式一主谓一致 1.(2010高考英语四川卷,15)Such poets as Shakespeare

　　widely read，of whose works，however，some

　　difficult to understand． A．are；are

　　B．is；is

　　C．are；is

　　D．is：are

　　【答案】A 【解析】 考查主谓一致。主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。 返回目录 2.(2010高考英语陕西卷,24)It is reported that many a new house

　　at present in the disaster area.

　　A. are being built

　　B. were being built

　　C. was being built

　　D. is being built

　　【答案】D 返回目录 3.(2010高考英语江苏卷,33)---Is everyone here?

　　---Not yet……Look , there_______ the rest of our guests! A. come

　　B. comes

　　C. is coming

　　D. are coming

　　【答案】A 返回目录 4.(2010高考英语湖南卷,33)Listening to loud music at rock concerts

　　caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is

　　B. are

　　C. has

　　D. have

　　【答案】 C 返回目录 Subject---Verb Agreement 主谓一致 语法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近一致原则 1. 2. 3. (1)以“and ”或“both… and”连接的两并列主语, 通常作______用 。 有些and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个 整体,如: bread and butter, knife and fork,

　　steel and iron 复数 语法一致原则 (2)Every … and (every)…, each …and (each)… , no …and (no)… , many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语以及more than one...和many a...作主语时,谓语动词都用_________. Eg: Every desk and every chair _____made of wood.

　　Many a boy and (many a) girl _____made the same mistake 单数 is has 语法一致原则 (3) “a / an + 单名+ and a half”, “one and

　　a half +复名” 常接_____谓语；

　　①A year and a half _____passed . ②One and a half bananas____left on the desk. has is 单数 语法一致原则 (4) 不定代词each, either, neither, another, the other 等作主语通常用____谓语动词;

　　其中, each of + 复数代词，谓语动用_____。复数代词+each，谓语动词用_______。如 Each of us ______a dictionary. We each _________a dictionary. has have 单数 单数 复数 语法一致原则 1.Serving

　　the people _____ my great happiness. 2. When we’ll go out for an outing ___________ decided. 3. To get the most profits ______ the common aim of businessmen. （5）不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，谓语动词用_______，如： is has been is 单数 语法一致原则 (6)当主语与谓语之间插有 with, along with,

　　together with, as well as; but, except, besides, other than; rather than; like; including 等引起的短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的影响，依然与_______保持一致

　　主语 Come out, George Bush! I, as well as my people,

　　going to fight you to

　　death! am I a) 不定数量的词组,如: part of, a lot of, plenty of等作主语时;以及百分数（或分数）+of+名词，谓语动词由______________________决定。 b) "a number of (许多)/ a variety of (各式各样) "+复数名词， 接______谓语动词。 但是，“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类)” + of + 复数名词， 接______谓语动词。 (7)…of 结构短语作主语 of后名词单复数 复数 单数 语法一致原则 c) a kind of, a pair of, a series of+… 或 the kind/pair of…

　　谓语动词用_____。 A pair of shoes _____on the desk.

　　is This kind of men _____ liked by others. = men of this kind _____ liked by others. 单数 is are 语法一致原则 d) one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句

　　1.He was one of the boys who _______

　　praised. 2.He was the only one of the boys who

　　_____praised .

　　were was 1）定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用_____形式。 2）若“one”前加“the only ”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接_____谓语。

　　复数 单数 语法一致原则 意义一致原则 （2）名词如：trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses以及有些集合名词,如：“people , police , cattle (牛，牲口)，folk , youth ”，等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数。 意义一致原则 The family

　　very big. subject: family is 意义一致原则 subject: family The family

　　watching TV. are 意义一致原则 (3) 集合名词 group, class, family, team, enemy, government, club, army, crowd 等作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用_____形式;如果强调个体,则用_____形式。 单数 复数 意义一致原则 （4）形复意单名词如：-ics 结尾的physics, mathematics, economics等;以及专有名词,如国名,剧名,书名等作主语,如the United States,the New Times, Arabian Nights,the united Nations等谓语动词要用单数。如： 意义一致原则 (5) “works工厂，means方法，series系列，species物种, fish ,deer ,sheep , 等”等名词单、复数同形，要从_____________________来决定单、复数。

　　所有方法都已经试过,每种方法都不成功. All means ______ been tried; every means is not successful. 上下文判断其具体意义 have 意义一致原则 (6)“the + 形容词/分词”作主语时,指“一类”人或 事物时，常用作_____用。

　　复数 意义一致原则

　　(7)表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语，作“整体” 看时通常作单数用. ①Twenty years ____not a long time .

　　is 意义一致原则 (1)在 there be..句型中 There _____a pen, an eraser and some books on the desk. is 就近一致原则

　　①What he does or what he says______ not concern me .

　　②Neither you nor I ____ wrong .

　　③Not you but your father ________ to blame .

　　④Not only you but(also) he ___ wrong . does am is is (2)由下列词语连接的并列主语：“or ;

　　either …or;

　　neither…nor；whether…or； not…but; not

　　only…but

　　also” ; 等。 就近一致原则 特殊句式----强调句型 * * * * * * * * * * * *