高考英语语法专项训练：第14讲-状语从句

　　When he reads a book, his habit is to make a mark _______ the meaning is unclear to him. A. there

　　B. wherever

　　C. the place

　　D. in which 2. If you are travelling ______ the customs are totally different from your own, you may feel a cultural shock. A. in the place

　　B. which C. in which

　　D. where 3. 原因状语从句 原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句 常用的连接词是：because,

　　since,

　　as, for,

　　now that 及 considering等。 e.g.

　　He didn’t come to school because he was ill. c.f.

　　He might be ill, for he didn’t come to school. 表示“直接”原因。 表示“间接的推断”原因. 不可出现在句首。 Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, ______ this was a memory she especially treasured. A. as

　　B. if

　　C. when

　　D. where 2. Some people believe that ______ oil is running out, the fate of the motor industry is uncertain. A. /

　　B. though

　　C. for

　　D. since

　　4. 条件状语从句

　　条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。 条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if, unless

　　(除非),

　　as / so long as (只要),

　　on condition (只要),

　　in case (假使) , providing / provided (that) 等。 e.g.

　　a.

　　We’ll come over to see you on Saturday if we have time. b. We should serve the people as / so long as we live. 1. We will be able to get there on time, _____

　　our car doesn’t break down on the road.

　　as soon as

　　B. as far as C. as long as

　　D. as well as 2. In time of serious accidents, _____ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.

　　whether

　　B. until C. if

　　D. unless 3. ______ you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless

　　B. Because C. Although

　　D. When 4. The official soon realized that, ______, things would get worse. unless dealt with properly if not properly dealing with it unless properly dealt with if dealt not properly with 5. 让步状语从句 在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。通常由下列词语引导：though, although, even if,

　　even though, while, no matter who/… ,

　　however 等。 由wh-词 + ever构成的连接代词或连接副词也可以引导让步状语从句。 让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，有时插在主句中间。 e.g. a. I will go, whatever he may say.

　　b. Their tent, though (it was) light as a feather, remained firm. c. Though / Although he was old, he worked hard.

　　=

　　He was old but he worked hard. 注意一个典型的中国错误： though / although 切不可与but连用。 ______ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. While

　　B. since

　　C. Before

　　D. Unless 2. The workers are determined to go through with their railway project, ____ the expenses have risen. as long as

　　B. even though C. now that

　　D. as though 3. ______, he knows more than other children of his age. A. However young child he is B. Child as he is C. No matter how young child is D. What a young child he is 4. I really want the match, however much ______. A. does it cost

　　B. costs it C. will it cost

　　D. it costs 5. ______ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. For now

　　B. Now that C. By now

　　D. until 6. ______, the idea of having to work under a woman defeated him. Wanting the job very much Although wanting the job badly Though he wanted the job very much He wanted the job badly 6. 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词: in order that … 用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。 so that a. 较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，so 有时可省; 从句中要有情态动词，否则, 就成为下一种句型： b. 无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。 for fear that;

　　in case;

　　lest (以免)等。 e.g. a. We’ll sit nearer the front so we can hear better.

　　b.

　　I shall write it down lest I should forget.

　　注意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用so as to do … 或 in order to do … e.g.

　　He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten o’clock.

　　→

　　He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten o’clock. 7. 结果状语从句 结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由so, so … that,

　　such … that;

　　so that 等引导。 e.g.

　　a.

　　So quickly did he run that I couldn’t catch up with him.

　　b. The bus broke down so that we had to walk

　　home.

　　★c. He got to the station finally, only to find the train had left. 8. 方式状语从句 描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导：as,

　　just as,

　　as if,

　　as though,

　　according to 等。 e.g.

　　a. We must do as the Party tells us.

　　b. Leave the things as they are.

　　c.

　　Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.

　　d.

　　It sounds as if it is raining. 9. 比较状语从句 比较状语从句常由下列词语引导：

　　as …as,

　　not so / as … as,

　　more…than,

　　less … than,

　　the more + adj. / adv.,

　　the more + adj. / adv. e.g.

　　a.

　　He is not so / as healthy as his brother.

　　b. They jumped up and down as hard as they could.

　　c. John is less clever than Peter. Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter. because

　　B. so that C. even if

　　D. as 2. If things are left ______ they are, the problems will never be settled, I’m afraid. how

　　B. as

　　C. what

　　D. where

　　3. Careful surveys have pointed out that as many as 50 percent of the patients do not take drugs _____ directed. like

　　B. so

　　C. which

　　D. as 4. I dare not go there ______ my parents will see me. in case of

　　B. for fear of C. in order that

　　D. for fear that

　　误区警示 复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句 He worked

　　in that factory three years ago. 地点状语 时间状语 where his

　　father worked in that factory where I lived when he

　　lived there His father worked there. I lived there. He lived there

　　three years ago. 复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句 Put the book

　　on the desk. where you took it. where it was. 地点状语 where you found it. You can’t camp

　　here. where there are

　　a lot of trees. wherever you like. 1. When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. 2. We must camp where we can get water.

　　3. You shouldn’t get angry just because some

　　people speak ill of you. 4. If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.

　　5. Although he is very old, he is quite strong.

　　状语从句

　　What are “ Adverbial Clauses”?

　　在复合句中担任____成分的从句称为状语从句，修饰主句的谓语动词，形容词或副词等,或________ _____的从句叫做 “状语从句”。 状语 修饰整个 主句 状语从句分类 1. 时间状语从句 2. 地点状语从句 3. 原因状语从句 4. 条件状语从句 5. 让步状语从句 6. 目的状语从句 7. 结果状语从句 8. 方式状语从句 9. 比较状语从句

　　1. The moment he comes, I will tell him. 2. I won’t know where he is until I get a letter from him. 3. No sooner had she gone than it happened.

　　时间状语从句 常用连词：

　　_____________: when, while, as,

　　_____________: since _____________: before

　　_____________: till, until, not…until _____________: as soon as, immediately,

　　the moment, the minute, once

　　directly, the instant, instantly,

　　_____________: no sooner …than…,

　　hardly/scarcely…when…

　　_____________: each/every time, next time

　　… 直到…

　　当…的时候 自从… 以来 还没…就… 一…就…

　　在…之前 刚…就…

　　每次…, 下次… When he was watching TV, he heard the door bell ring. When I was young, I liked dancing. When I got home, he was having supper. When he has finished his work, he takes a short rest. I. when when+持续性动词/非持续性动词 强调特定时间

　　1. when, while, as when 不可被as, while 替代的情况 1. when, while, as We were about to go out when the teacher came in. 1.when 也可作为并列连词，连接两个并列句，

　　“那时”，“这时”=and then , and at that time. Why did you walk there when you have a car? 2. when 还可译为 “在…的情况下”

　　3)While he was walking in the street, he met Tim.

　　(分词短语） While walking in the street, he met Tim.

　　Walking in the street, he met Tom.

　　1) He learned to speak English while he was here.

　　While I slept, a thief broke in.

　　Father looked after the children while mother was away. II while while+持续性动词

　　2)I like tea while she likes coffee 1. when, while, as .(表示对比)

　　As he became poorer, he had fewer friends.

　　As the sun rose, the fog dispersed.

　　As times goes, it’s getting colder.

　　As he walked along the street, he sang happily. III. as 1. when, while, as 强调主从句动作同时发生 有 “随着”或 “一边…一边”的意思

　　★当主句的是非持续动词, 从句的谓语动词是持续性动词时, when, while, as 可互相替换. 1. when, while, as While/When/As we were still laughing, the teacher came in. _____________ I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store. _______ John arrived, I was cooking lunch. _______ he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening. How can he get good grades _______ he won’t study? I was wandering through the street_________ I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. While/When/As When when when As Exercise

　　1）“还未…就…;不到…就…;”

　　We had sailed four days and four nights

　　before we saw land.

　　我们航行了4天4夜才看到陆地.

　　We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.

　　我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了.

　　Before I could get in a word, he had

　　measured me.

　　我还没来得及插话他就给我 量好了尺寸.

　　2. before, since I. before

　　2） 从句中谓语不用否定式

　　Before they reached the station, the train

　　had gone.

　　他们还没到火车站，火车已开走了。

　　3） It will be+一段时间+ before…多久之后才…

　　It will be half a year before I come back.

　　还得呆半年我才能回来.

　　It won’t be long before we meet again.

　　没多长时间我们就会见面了. 2. before, since 1）从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,

　　主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反

　　复发生过的动作. Since 从句的时态若

　　是一般过去时, 从句时态是现在完成时

　　或现在完成进行时.

　　I have written home four times since

　　I came here.

　　自从我来到这儿, 我给家写了四封信.

　　She has been working in this factory

　　since she left school.

　　她离开学校以来就在这个工厂工作。 II. since 2. before, since

　　2） It is+一段时间+since从句

　　时间从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时

　　算起.

　　It is three years since the war broke out.

　　自战争爆发以来有三年了.

　　It is three years since I stopped smoking

　　a cigar

　　我不吸烟有三年了.

　　It is three years since I began to smoke. 我吸烟有三年了. 2. before, since

　　1. The research will take Joan and Paul

　　about five months; it will be a long time

　　______ we meet them again.

　　A. after

　　B. before C. since

　　D. when

　　2. We have never seen her again_____ she

　　went to work in another city.

　　A. when

　　B. as

　　C. since

　　D. while 3. He was told that it would be at least three more months ______ he could recover and return to work.

　　A. when

　　B. before

　　C. since

　　D. that

　　Exercise Until 比till更正式 Until可以放句首,till不可以 I won’t leave until/till he comes back. I will stay her until/till he comes back. Until he comes back, I won’t go.

　　It was _____________________ that I left. Not until_______________________. not until he came back he comes back will I leave 3. till, until, not…unitl 4. as soon as, immediately,

　　the moment,

　　the minute, directly, the instant, instantly,

　　no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when

　　As soon as he entered the classroom, the bell rang.

　　He had _____________________ when the bell rang. He had ________________________ than the bell rang.

　　hardly entered the room no sooner entered the room Hardly/Scarely ___________________ when the bell rang.

　　had he entered the room 5. each/every time, next time, the first/last time,

　　any time, all the time, by the time Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out. Be sure to call me next time you come here. He was ill the last time I visited him. By the time I graduate from this school, I will have been here for three years. 功能 引导词 时间 when, while, as,

　　since, before, till, until, not..until,

　　as soon as , immediately, the moment, the minute, once, directly, the instant, instantly no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when,

　　every time, each time, next time,

　　the first time, any time, all the time,

　　Summary

　　1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice ______ I picked up the phone.

　　while

　　B. after C. In case

　　D. the minute 2. How long do you think it will take _______ our product becomes popular with the consumers?

　　when

　　B. until C. before

　　D. since Exercise 3. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse. With

　　B. since

　　C. As

　　D. While 4. He was halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears. why

　　B. where

　　C. when

　　D. while 5. Hardly ______ into the village ______ it began to rain. we had got; when

　　B. we got; than C. had we got; when

　　D. did we get; than Exercise Practice 　1. — How long has this bookshop been in business? -____________ 1999.

　　A. After B. In C. From D. Since 2. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _____________ Father was away in France.

　　A. as B. that C. during D. if 3. --- I am going to the post office. 　---____ You’re there, can you get me some stamps?

　　A. As B. While C. Because D. If 4. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ____________ I could answer the phone.

　　A. as B. since C. until D. before D A B D 5. — Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? — Yes, I gave it to her ____________ I saw her.

　　A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once

　　6. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ____________ he reaches the end of the story.

　　A. when B. unless C. after D. until

　　7. Generally speaking, ____________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

　　A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken B D B 8. — Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? — Yes. He has never praised him ____________ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when

　　9. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ____________ it got worse.

　　A. until B. when C. before D. as 10. Scientists say it may be five or six years ___ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when

　　11. It was evening ________ we reached the little town of Winchester .

　　A. that B. until C. since D. before C C C D 12. _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.

　　A. While B. Since C. As D. If

　　13. We were swimming in the lake _______ suddenly the storm started.

　　A. when B. while C. until D. before

　　14. We were told that we should follow the main road ____ we reached the central railway station . A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever

　　A A B 2. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句用连接副词 where或wherever (在任何地方) 引导。 e.g.

　　a.

　　Just stay where you are.

　　b. You can put the book wherever you want to.