2015高考英语一轮精讲教案：必修5 （10）

　　必修5 Unit 5（2）

　　Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服紧贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。

　　unless是连词，意为“除非，如果不”，引导的是一个肯定条件状语从句，从句有时可以与if...not...引导的否定状语从句互换。

　　①It is known to all that unless_you_exercise_regularly，you won’t keep fit.众所周知，除非你有规律地锻炼，否则身体不会健康。

　　②We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or it’s very cold.

　　除非下雨或天很冷，我们将在本周日去公园野餐。

　　③Unless_you’ve_tried_it，you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.

　　除非你尝试一下，否则你无法想像那是多么令人愉快。

　　John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。

　　when在此作并列连词用，意为“正在这时；那时”。

　　be doing...when...正在……这时……

　　be about to do...when...正打算做……这时……

　　be just going to do...when...正要……这时……

　　be on the point of doing...when...正要……这时……

　　had just done...when刚……就在这时……

　　①We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.我们正在讨论那个问题，这时停电了。

　　②I was_about_to_go_out_when the telephone rang.

　　我正打算出去，这时电话响了。

　　③The professor had just finished his speech when students rushed out of the classroom.

　　教授刚结束了演讲，学生们冲出了教室。

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．The little boy won’t go to sleep______________________(除非妈妈给他讲故事)．

　　答案：　unless his mother tells him a story

　　2．She______________________(正在练习冲浪，这时突然) a shark struck her，biting off her left arm.

　　答案：　was practising surfing when

　　3．I’m afraid that it will rain tomorrow.______________________(假如下雨的话)，we won’t be able to hold our football match.

　　答案：　If so

　　Ⅱ.单项填空

　　1．(2017·湖南省部分重点中学5月联考)The woman teacher，together with her pupils，was crossing the street________a heavy truck drove towards them.

　　A．unless B．once

　　C．until D．when

　　解析：　考查连词。句意为：那个女教师正和她的学生过马路，这时一辆大货车向他们驶来。when表示“当……时”，符合句意。

　　答案：　D

　　2．(2017·哈尔滨师范大学附属中学月考)All of the clothes in the shop are sold at half price，________otherwise noted.

　　A．as B．if

　　C．until D．unless

　　解析：　考查连词。句意为：商店里所有的衣服均半价销售，除非另有说明。根据句意可知，空处表示“除非”。

　　答案：　D

　　3．(2017·南开中学综合训练)It is fashionable to drive a car，but it can in turn cause a lot of traffic problems when you don’t ________the specialized rules.

　　A．give in B．stick toC．put away D．give out

　　解析：　考查动词短语辨析。stick to坚持，遵守；give in屈服，让步；put away收起来；give out发出，精疲力竭。根据句意“不遵守交通规则，就会带来很多交通问题”，可知答案为B项。

　　答案：　B

　　injury n．损伤；伤害；伤

　　do an injury to...对……造成伤害

　　Falling off the bike did an injury to his left leg.

　　从自行车上掉下来伤到了他的左腿。poison n．毒药；毒害；vt.毒害；使中毒

　　Gases from cars are poisoning the air of our cities.

　　汽车放出的废气在污染我们城市的空气。

　　pour vt.& vi.灌，倒，注，倾泻；蜂拥而来；大量投入资金；n.倾泻

　　The fans poured out of the stadium cheering wildly.

　　体育爱好者们欣喜若狂地从体育场中蜂拥而出。

　　【写作素材】

　　1．毫无疑问，懂得一些急救知识很有必要，因为危险无处不在，事故时时发生。

　　2．一度烧伤不严重，把伤处放在缓缓流动的自来水下冲洗一会儿就可以了。

　　3．二度和三度烧伤较为严重，尽管适当的冷敷(cold compress)可以起一定作用，但重要的是必须马上把患者送到医院。示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。

　　【连句成篇】

　　There is no doubt that it is necessary to know some knowledge of first aid as dangers lie everywhere and accidents happen from time to time.The first degree burns are not serious and it is OK to place burns under gently running water for a while.The second and third degree burns are more serious and proper cold compress can make some difference，but it is vital to get the victim to hospital at once.

　　省　略

　　1．(2017·陕西咸阳高考模拟考试二)Just now the patient opened her mouth as if________something to her husband.

　　A．said B．say

　　C．to say D．to have said

　　解析：　考查省略。句意为：刚刚那病人张开她的嘴，似乎要对他的丈夫说些什么。分析句子成分可知，此处为as if引导的状语从句，补充完整为：as if she was to say something to her husband，此处省略了主语和be动词。

　　答案：　C

　　2．(2017·哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁实验中学一联)—Hi，are you an engineer in Lenovo Group?

　　—No，but I________.

　　A．want to B．want to be

　　C．want so D．want it

　　解析：　考查省略。答话人想成为联想集团的工程师。答语是：“ No，but I want to be an engineer in Lenovo Group，”的省略形式。当不定式有be时，be不可省略。

　　答案：　B

　　3．(2017·济宁模拟)As is often the case，little Tom，if________，is most likely to stop crying soon.

　　A．left ignoringB．left ignored

　　C．leaving ignoring D．leaving ignored

　　解析：　考查省略。句意为：如果听之任之，小Tom可能很快停止哭泣，通常就是这样。句子补充完整为：if he is left ignored (if we leave him ignored)，此处ignored表示被动含义。

　　答案：　B

　　4．(2017·北京西城二模)A person，when________，can often do what is normally beyond his ability.

　　A．challenged B．challenges

　　C．challenging D．to challenge

　　解析：　考查省略。句意为：当一个人遇到挑战时，他往往能够做超越他能力的事情。时间状语从句补充完整为“when he is challenged”。

　　答案：　A

　　5．(2017·佳木斯一中高三第四次调研)He is ready to help others，seldom，________refusing them when they turn to him.

　　A．if never B．if ever

　　C．if not D．if any

　　解析：　考查省略句的用法。句意为：他乐于助人，如果有人向他求助被拒绝的话，那也很少。if ever相当于if he ever refuses to help others。

　　答案：　B课时作业(二十五)　Unit 5　First aid

　　(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)

　　第六讲　“戴着面纱”的“事实”型细节理解题

　　所谓细节理解题，是指文章提到了与某个题相关的时间、地点、人物或事件。破解“事实”型细节理解题就像是在揭开一层面纱。抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该类型试题的关键，也是做好其他类型试题的基础。换句话说，该类型试题大部分都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息或者转换了说法的句子。解题中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的事实性材料，其实在一篇文章里，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。

　　(2017·山东卷)

　　George Gershwin，born in 1898，was one of America’s greatest composers.He published his first song when he was eighteen years old.During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs.

　　Many of Gershwin’s songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City.These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s.Many of his songs have remained popular as ever.Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country.

　　In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music.Could jazz，some people asked，be considered serious music？In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music.Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it.And in that short time，he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue.Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert.The audience were thrilled when they heard his music.It made him world­famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.

　　In 1928，Gershwin went to Paris.He applied to study composition (作曲) with the well­known musician Nadia Boulanger，but she rejected him.She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz­influenced style.While there，Gershwin wrote An American in Paris.When it was first performed，critics (评论家) were divided over the music.Some called it happy and full of life，to others it was silly and boring.But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States.It still remains one of his most famous works.

　　George Gershwin died in 1937，just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer.He was only thirty­nine years old.Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages.People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.

　　语篇解读　本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了美国最伟大的作曲家之一乔治·格什温的几件奇闻逸事。他的许多作品是为纽约的音乐剧创作的。在保罗·惠特曼举办的证明爵士乐是严肃音乐的音乐会上，乔治·格什温写了Rhapsody in Blue(《蓝色狂想曲》)并亲自演奏，迷倒了观众。1928年他去巴黎，想师从Nadia Boulanger，但被拒绝，因为她怕毁了他在爵士乐方面的天资。在巴黎期间，乔治·格什温写了An American in Paris(《一个美国人在巴黎》)。它首次被演奏，褒贬不一，但它现在依旧是他最著名的作品之一。乔治·格什温于1937年死于脑癌。

　　1．Many of Gershwin’s musical works were________.

　　A．written about New Yorkers

　　B．composed for Paul Whiteman

　　C．played mainly in the countryside

　　D．performed in various ways

　　解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句Many of Gershwin’s songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City.可知乔治的多数歌曲是给音乐剧写的，不是写关于纽约人的，可排除选项A；同时知道这些歌曲是在纽约市演奏的，不是在农村演奏的，可排除选项C；这些歌也不是单为保罗一人写的，可排除选项B；再根据第二段最后一句Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country.可知他的作品被以各种形式演奏，故选择D项。

　　答案：　D

　　2．What do we know about the concert organized by Whiteman?

　　A．It attracted more people to theatres.

　　B．It proved jazz could be serious music.

　　C．It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra.

　　D．It caused a debate among jazz musicians.

　　解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中的第一句In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music.可知这是惠特曼举办音乐会的原因，不是举办音乐会的结果，因此排除选项D；根据第三段中的最后一句．..showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.可知本次音乐会最终证明了爵士乐是严肃音乐，故选项B符合题意；根据第三段中的Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert.知格什温在音乐会上弹奏钢琴，但并未成为乐队的领导，可排除选项C；“吸引更多的观众到剧院”并未在文中提及，因此排除选项A。

　　答案：　B

　　3．What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris?

　　A．He created one of his best works.

　　B．He studied with Nadia Boulanger.

　　C．He argued with French critics.

　　D．He changed his music style.

　　解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段中的While there，Gershwin wrote An American in Paris.以及本段最后一句It

　　still remains one of his most famous works.可知格什温在巴黎时写了他的著名作品之一——《一个美国人在巴黎》，因此选项A为正确答案。根据第四段中“他想跟着Nadia Boulanger学习，但她拒绝了他(but she rejected him)”，可知选项B是错误的；第四段后半部分提到了评论家对他作品的争论，但他未与法国的评论家们争论，因此选项C是错误的；文中并未提到他在巴黎时改变自己的音乐风格，因此选项D是错误的。

　　答案：　A

　　4．What do we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A．Many of Gershwin’s works were lost.

　　B．The death of Gershwin was widely reported.

　　C．A concert was held in memory of Gershwin.

　　D．Brain cancer research started after Gershwin’s death.

　　解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages.可知他的去世被广泛报道，故选项B符合题意。“他的大部分作品失传”“举行音乐会纪念格什温”以及“在格什温去世后脑癌研究开始”在文中均未提及。

　　答案：　B

　　5．Which of the following best describes Gershwin?

　　A．Talented and productive.　B．Serious and boring.

　　C．Popular and unhappy. D．Friendly and honest.

　　解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段中的He published his first

　　song when he was eighteen years old.可推知他很有天赋

　　(talented)；再根据During the next twenty years he wrote

　　more than five hundred songs.可推知他是一位多产作曲家，故答案选A。

　　答案：　A

　　做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。

　　例如真题示例第2题为细节理解题，由第三段第三句“In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music.”可知，保尔·怀特曼决定组织一场特殊音乐会证明爵士乐是一种严肃的音乐形式，故B项正确。

　　完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）

　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后16～35各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。My father was a highly educated, intelligent gentleman. He could debate or discuss for hours on almost any topic and hold your   16

　　  in the process. I thought there was nothing he wasn’t

　　17

　　to do.

　　       A few days before my younger brother’s 7th birthday, Dad planned to assemble(装配) a newas a special birthday surprise. After nearly an hour of

　　19

　　the instructions, Dad was still unable to

　　20

　　the new bike together. Later he

　　21

　　the paper of instructions, 

　　22

　　up his tool box, and decided to take the bike back to the local toy store and pay extra 

　　23

　　to have it correctly assembled there.

　　24

　　an idea came to him, as he called out to Lovett, the quiet little man who cut our grassland.

　　       “Lovett, have you ever assembled a boy’s bicycle?”

　　       As Lovett walked towards the bike, Dad handed him the

　　25

　　. Lovett handed it back to him, saying, “No, thanks. I can’t read. When you can’t read, you have to 

　　26

　　.” Less than 15 minutes later, the new bicycle was 

　　27

　　 assembled, with no 

　　28

　　 parts remaining. Dad shook Lovett’s hand, patted him on the back, thanked him, and hid the bike.

　　       On the night after my brother received his shiny new gift, Dad announced at the family dinner table what had happened several days earlier. He took great 

　　29

　　in telling it over and over again---he used it as an example of thinking.      

　　       He did not refer to illiteracy(文盲) , but strongly taught us to use our  The joke was on my father,

　　31

　　he was able to turn it into a learning tool, and I liked him even more after that incident. I also gained a new 

　　32

　　for Lovett. To me he had 

　　33

　　been the old yard man who didn’t

　　34

　　much, but after that day, he seemed to smile

　　35

　　, even walk taller. It’s amazing what a real nod of approval can do to lift people up.

　　16. A. belief      

　　B. breath

　　C. view 

　　D. attention

　　17. A. willing    

　　B. able  

　　C. lucky

　　D. capable

　　18. A. bicycle    

　　B. toy   

　　C. computer 

　　D. boat

　　19. A. reviewing

　　B. reading    

　　C. examining

　　D. searching

　　20. A. bring

　　B. get   

　　C. work

　　D. put

　　21. A. looked through

　　B. folded up      

　　C. turned to  

　　D. devoted to

　　22. A. brought   

　　B. added      

　　C. picked

　　D. set    

　　23. A. effort      

　　B. tax   

　　C. service     

　　D. money

　　24. A. Then

　　B. Thus

　　C. Since

　　D. Though

　　25. A. tools

　　B. rotes      

　　C. instructions

　　D. orders      

　　26. A. exchange 

　　B. think

　　C. learn

　　D. admit      

　　27. A. partly      

　　B. largely

　　C. hardly     

　　D. fully  　

　　28. A. separate   

　　B. different  

　　C. major      

　　D. spare

　　29. A. care  

　　B. action      

　　C. delight    

　　D. risk

　　30. A. resources 

　　B. heads

　　C. knowledge       D. hands

　　31. A. so    

　　B. but   

　　C. or   

　　D. and

　　32. A. respect

　　B. reward    

　　C. relief

　　D. regard     

　　33. A. never      

　　B. ever 

　　C. always    

　　D. often

　　34. A. say   

　　B. show

　　C. care  

　　D. earn

　　35. A. colder

　　B. weaker

　　C. broader     

　　D. grayer

　　【参考答案】完形填空： 16—20 DBABD

　　21—25 BCDAC

　　26—30 BDDCB

　　31—35 BACAC