（安徽专用）2016届高考英语二轮复习专题训练：专题二十 词形变化（含解析）

　　专题二十　词形变化

　　A

　　(2017·安徽)

　　Aristotle once wrote that “happiness is a state of activity”.In other words,whether you’re seeking life-long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer,you’ve got to move forward.We’ve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood(心情):

　　Over a 30-yearperiod,University of Illinois researchers asked nearly 120,000 people how income,education,political participation,volunteer activities and close relationships affected their happiness.Reported Newsweek’s Sharon Begley on the findings,“The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships.”

　　Singing aloud,talking to a stranger,raising your hand:all may increase a feeling of happiness,according to a study from Wake Forest University.Participants(参与者)followed the development of their moods for two weeks and reported feeling happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn.

　　The editors of forbes.com gave $5 or $20 to 46 strangers by chance.Half the group was told to spend the money on themselves,while the other half was told to spend it on others.Those who had shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those who’d spent it on themselves.There was no difference in happiness between those who spent $5 or $20,suggesting that it’s not how much money you spend,but how you spend it,that inspires the spirit.

　　Studies from the Positive Psychology Center showed that discouraged people who wrote down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an improved attitude.

　　Drinking water really can help keep you cheerful.A small 2017 study from the University of Connecticut suggested that even slight dehydration(脱水) affected the moods of its female participants.

　　Title 1.　 for Happiness 

　　Introduction You will move 2.　 in the course of finding happiness. 

　　The findings of 3.  Some 4.　 toward happiness 

　　·Value your relationships ·The 5.　 happiness lies in the most stable and satisfying relationships. 

　　·6.　 yourself  ·You can gain happiness by singing aloud or talking to others.

　　·Spend money on others ·Your spirit will be inspired by 7.　 the wealth. 

　　·8.　 on the positive  ·Your attitude would be improved when you fix your attention on good things.

　　·Drink water ·If a woman takes in enough water,her 9.　 of happiness may remain. 

　　Conclusion Happiness can be found if all 10.　 have been done. 

　　B

　　(2017·安徽安庆第三次质检)

　　How many hours do you spend sitting in a chair every day?Eight hours in the office plus three hours in front of the TV after work is the norm for many people.You probably don’t need an expert to tell you that sitting too much is not good for your health.To make matters worse,a growing body research suggests that the bad effects of sitting too much cannot be compensated with a good diet and regular exercise,according to an article in The New York Times.

　　The article reported that a study of nearly 9,000 Australians found for each additional hour of television a person watched per day,the risk of dying rose by 11 percent.Another study followed the health of 123,000 Americans.The death rate for men who spent six hours or more per day sitting was about 20 percent higher than for men who sat for three hours or less.The death rate for women who sat for more than six hours a day was about 40 percent higher.In other words,sitting is killing us.So what can we do about it?Health experts suggest we break up those many hours spent sitting with more hours spent standing.

　　The BBC and the University of Chester conducted a simple experiment with a small group of 10 volunteers who usually spent most of the day sitting.They were asked to stand for at least three hours a day.The researchers measured by day when the volunteers stood,and when they sat around.When they looked at the data there were some striking differences.Standing burned more calories.

　　John Buckley,a member of the research team,said that although doing exercise offers many proven benefits,our bodies also need the constant increase in muscle activity that standing provides.Small adjustments,like standing while talking on the phone,going over to talk to a colleague rather than sending an e-mail,or simply taking the stairs instead of the lift,will help.

　　Title Stand up for 1. 

　　Fact It is 2.　 for many people to sit eleven hours a day. 

　　Study ◆The risk of dying rose by 11 percent if a person watched 3.　 hour of television. 

　　The death rate for men who sat for three hours or less was 4.　 than for men who spent six hours or more per day sitting. 

　　5.  10 volunteers usually 6.　 most of the day sitting were asked to stand for at least three hours a day. 

　　When the volunteers stood and when they sat around,the researchers took 7.　 by day. 

　　The differences of the data were 8.　. 

　　Researcher’s

　　9.  Small adjustments in daily life are 10.　 to keep you healthy. 

　　C

　　In 2000,the world’s first mobile phones with cameras were put on the market in Japan.Two years later,these phones were released in Australia,Europe and the United States.A market research shows that there has been a sharp rise in worldwide sales from 80 million mobile camera phones in 2003 to 1.14 billion by 2017.

　　Camera phones have not only been used for entertainment.In Sweden,a grocer snapped a shot of a robber and downloaded the photograph to his computer,which allowed the police to catch the suspect.In Italy,the same thing was done when a shop owner snapped pictures of two robbers.In Wales,doctors send photos of X-rays to consult a more experienced specialist about medical treatment for their patients.In Japan,the police have set up a website for citizens to send pictures of suspicious activities.

　　Now,newspaper reporters can use camera phones to take pictures of important events.They can then send the pictures to their newspaper office.As the quality of camera phone pictures increases,we can expect to see camera phones used more and normal cameras used less.More people are using their camera phones to take pictures of their trips,or just small unexpected things that happen in their daily lives.They can then send these pictures to friends anywhere.

　　However,camera phones have also been used to commit crimes.To prevent spying,these phones are not allowed in government buildings in the United Kingdom.Some car companies don’t allow their employees to use their phones because they want to prevent some employees watching new car models and sensitive information secretly.In Italy,to prevent dishonest voting,people are not allowed to use mobile phones while they vote.It appears that although there are many advantages to the new technology,we still have to be careful.

　　Title Camera Phones

　　Introduction The sales of camera phones have 1.　 sharply since they came onto the market. 

　　Advantages of camera phones •People can use camera phones for 2.　. 

　　•The pictures taken with camera phones led to robbers being 3.　. 

　　•Doctors can get some advice by sending photos of X-ray to 4.　. 

　　•Newspaper reporters use camera phones to take pictures of events that are of 5.　. 

　　•Camera phones are used to take pictures of unexpected things 6.　 in people’s daily lives. 

　　7.　of camera phones  •Some people use camera phones to do some 8.　things. 

　　•In the UK,camera phones are sometimes used to 9.　 on sensitive information. 

　　•In Italy,some people use camera phones to vote 10.　. 

　　##

　　A

　　第1,7,9题为词形变化题。

　　1.Look(ing)/Search(ing)/Seek(ing)　文章第一段导入全文的主题:如何“寻找”幸福。其中第二句“In other words,whether you’re seeking life-long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer....”也是暗示。

　　2.forward/ahead/on　第一段第二句最后“...you’ve got to move forward.”也是暗示。

　　3.experts/researchers　第一段最后一句及第二段第一句说明了此篇文章是作者采访“专家/研究者”后总结而写成的。

　　4.steps/ways　文章说明了找到幸福的五种“方法”。

　　5.greatest　根据第二段最后一句“The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships.”可知,“最大的”幸福在于最稳定的和最令人感到满意的人际关系。

　　6.Express　从第三段内容可知“表达”出自己的感受有助于提高幸福感。

　　7.sharing　根据第四段中“Those who had shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those who’d spent it on themselves.”一句可知,和别人“分享”财富能鼓舞人的精神。注意:此处在介词by后,故应用动词-ing形式。

　　8.Focus/Concentrate　倒数第二段说明“关注”好的事情可以改进消极的人的心态。

　　9.feeling/mood/sense　文章最后一段介绍的一项研究表明,喝水能使女子的幸福感保持。

　　10.these/those　这篇文章说明了五个让人幸福的方法,即做到“这些/那些”可以找到幸福。

　　B

　　第6,7,10题为词形变化题。

　　1.Health/Fitness　文章说明了久坐对身体的害处,站立对身体的益处。

　　2.normal　根据第一段第二句可知,许多人一天坐上十一小时是很“正常的”,故此处应填norm的形容词形式normal。

　　3.additional/extra　根据第二段第一句可知,此处应填additional或与其意义相同的extra。

　　4.lower　根据第二段中的“The death rate for men who spent six hours or more per day sitting was about 20 percent higher than for men who sat for three hours or less.”一句可知,此处应填higher的反义词lower。

　　5.Experiment　此栏介绍“实验”的情况,故填experiment。

　　6.spending　根据第三段第一句可知,此处应用spend,因在句中作主语,故填其动词-ing形式spending。

　　7.measurements/measurement　根据第三段第三句可知,这里应用measure的名词形式。

　　8.striking　根据倒数第二段倒数第二句可知,此处应填striking。

　　9.advice/tip/suggestion　最后一段为研究者所提出的建议,故应用advice或与其意义相同的词。

　　10.beneficial/helpful/useful　研究者给出的建议是在我们日常生活中要注意一些小的调节,这样会对我们身体“有益”,故此处填beneficial或与其意义相同的useful/helpful。

　　C

　　第1,3,4,5,6,10题为词形变化题。

　　1.risen　根据第一段最后一句中的“there has been a sharp rise”可知此处应用risen构成现在完成时态。

　　2.entertainment　根据第二段第一句可知,人们可以用照相手机进行“娱乐”。

　　3.caught　根据第二段第二句中的which allowed the police to catch the suspect可知,此处用catch的过去分词,和being构成被动。

　　4.specialists　根据第二段第四句内容可知,医生可以通过将这种照片发给“专家”从而得到一些建议。

　　5.importance　根据第三段第一句话可知,此处用importance,of importance=important。

　　6.happening　根据第三段倒数第二句话可知,手机可以拍下在我们日常生活中发生的出乎意料的事,此处用happen的-ing形式修饰unexpected things。

　　7.Disadvantages　此栏对应文章最后一段,该段说明了照相机手机的“缺点”。

　　8.illegal　根据最后一段第一句可知,有的人用照相机手机犯罪,即做“不合法”的事。do some illegal things和该句中的commit crimes意义相同。

　　9.spy　由最后一段第三句可知,此处用spy,spy on“监视”,和句中的watch...secretly意义相同,第二句中的“spying”也是提示。

　　10.dishonestly　根据最后一段倒数第二句可知,此处用dishonest的副词形式,修饰vote。